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A Case of Adult-Onset Still's Disease Diagnosed Following Treatment for Scrub Typhus.

A 28-year-old woman, previously diagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, was admitted with fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. She developed septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation and was treated with antibiotics, noradrenaline, prednisolone, and thrombomodulin. On day 3, a rash appeared, and polymerase chain reaction detected Orientia tsutsugamushi deoxyribonucleic acid, thus confirming the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Her symptoms resolved after minocycline treatment. After tapering the prednisolone, fever, rash, and arthralgia recurred. Laboratory tests revealed elevated…

Vertical transmission of scrub typhus: a case report of congenital infection.

Scrub typhus (ST), caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is typically transmitted through mite bites, but vertical transmission from mother to infant remains poorly understood. This case presents a 13-day-old female neonate diagnosed with congenital ST. The infant developed severe systemic involvement, including fever, jaundice, respiratory distress, and signs of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, her condition worsened. PCR and serological tests confirmed the diagnosis of ST in both the neonate and the mother, with IgM positivity indicating congen…

A rare presentation of scrub typhus: myocarditis, acute liver failure and leukemoid reaction.

Scrub typhus is a mite borne zoonosis, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular organism. This infection usually presents in high prevalence in the rural areas of East Asia and Western pacific islands. It usually presents with fever, chill, myalgia, headache, skin rashes, having pathognomonic and skin lesion i.e. eschar in ~10% cases in Indian subcontinent. It can present with life-threatening complications on occasional. The simultaneous presentation of more than two complications is uncommon, rarely reported in literature. Here we report a case of 37-year-old woman wit…

Isolation and PCR detection of rickettsiae from clinical and rodent samples in Malaysia.

Isolation of rickettsiae from patients' blood samples and organ samples of wild rodents from areas with high seroprevalence of rickettsial i … . There was no rickettsial DNA amplified from these samples using various PCR detection systems for Orientia tsutsugamushi, typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae.

Short report: surveillance of rickettsial infections in Indonesian military personnel during peace keeping operations in Cambodia.

Indonesian peacekeepers in Cambodia provided a unique study population to estimate the threat of rickettsial exposure to Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), Orientia tsutsugamushi, (scrub typhus), and R. conorii (spotted fever) for the region. Prescreening prevalence measure showed a large proportion (36%) of soldiers with antibodies to R. typhi. Predeployment prevalence for antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi was 8%, with no evidence of background R. conorii infections. Actual seroconversions of R. typhi (3) and O. tsutsugamushi (1), attributed to exposure(s) in Cambodia, translated into annualized …

Bacterial pathogens' screening in Brazilian chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae), with the first report of 'Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi'-like in avian-associated chiggers.

Chiggers are larval ectoparasites of the Trombiculidae that can transmit pathogens to their hosts. In this study, chiggers collected from bi … kettsia colombianensi'-like, respectively. For the other agents (Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi), the tests were negative. This is the first report of 'Ca. R. colombianensi'-like and the second record of R. felis-like in chigger collected on birds from Brazil.

Scrub Typhus and its co-infection with Leptospirosis at a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh.

The diagnosis of Scrub Typhus is now improving with the availability of an array of serological tests at the majority of diagnostic centres and of molecular tests at advanced laboratories. Our study focuses on evaluating the spectrum of Scrub Typhus and its coinfection with Leptospirosis in patients presenting with acute febrile illness. A total of 1743 blood samples were collected from both In and Out Patient Department (OPD) patients and analyzed for anti Orientia tsutsugamushi and anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies. Our study showed the presence of Scrub Typhus IgM antibodies in 20.7% of all th…

Scrub Typhus Complicated by ARDS, Myocarditis, and Encephalitis Imported to Oman from Nepal.

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal rickettsial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium transmitted by the bite of infected chigger larva. The disease is distributed from Asia to the Pacific islands, and this region is known as the Tsutsugamushi Triangle. A 28-year-old man was admitted to the Royal Hospital with a four-day history of fever, headache, rigors, anorexia, and a nonspecific macular rash. Clinical presentation, laboratory results as well as epidemiological data indicated that this might be a case of scrub typhus. Additional…

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Scrub Typhus.

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi characterized by focal or disseminated vasculitis and perivasculitis which may involve the lungs, heart, liver, spleen and central nervous system. It was thought to have been eradicated from India. Recently it is being reported from many areas of India. The clinical picture and severity of the symptoms varies widely. The neurological manifestations of scrub typhus are not uncommon but are diverse. Meningoencephalitis is classical manifestation of scrub typhus but cerebellitis, cranial nerve palsies, plexopathy, transverse myelitis, neuroleptic m…

Drug treatment of scrub typhus.

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease caused by the pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. We review the published literature for evidence on drug treatment in scrub typhus. Doxycycline has a proven efficacy in several trials and a meta-analysis, although resistance has been documented in parts of northern Thailand. Macrolides are equally efficacious and have less adverse effects, but they are expensive. Azithromycin is the recommended drug in pregnancy and for children. Rifampicin is effective in areas where doxycycline resistance is present. Quinolones have shown some degree of efficacy but the e…

Scrub typhus in Southern India: are we doing enough?

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. We report on a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, lab investigations and outcome of patients admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2009 with scrub typhus. The Weil-Felix test was the serological method used to diagnose scrub typhus. A total of 29 patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus and the majority of them presented with fever (100%), headache (51%), myalgia (51%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (44%) as predominant features. Six patients (20%) presented with altered se…

Immunohistochemical study of scrub typhus: a report of two cases.

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by chiggers. The target cells of this rickettsia are poorly defined in humans. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections of patients with scrub typhus is helpful in investigating the target cells of this rickettsia in different organs. We studied two autopsy specimens by immunohistochemical staining using a specific antibody against O. tsutsugamushi. Rickettsiae were located in endothelial cells in all of the organs evaluated, namely heart, lung, brain, kidney, appendix and skin, within cardiac musc…

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: Changing Etiological Understanding.

Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality have been occurring in Gorakhpur division in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, for more than three decades. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounted for <10% of AES cases, while the etiology of the remaining cases remained largely unknown. Investigations conducted during the 2014 and 2015 outbreaks indicated Orientia tsutsugamushi (Haruo Hayashi 1920) (Norio Ogata 1929) Tamura et al. 1995 (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) as the etiology in about 60% of AES cases. Hospital-based surveillance studies indicated that abo…

Hemorrhagic Transformation of Scrub Typhus Encephalitis: A Rare Entity.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of scrub typhus infection is well known. Most CNS involvement of scrub typhus infection present as meningitis or encephalitis. We report on a patient suffering from hemorrhagic transformation of intracranial lesions caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. A 53-year-old female farmer who was infected by scrub typhus was treated with doxycycline and recovered from the systemic illness. However, headache persisted. Brain radiologic studies revealed acute intracranial hemorrhage and enhancing lesion, which implied a CNS involvement. Hemorrhagic transformation of …

Maternal and foetal outcomes of scrub typhus in pregnancy: A retrospective study.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a zoonotic infection endemic to the Asia-Pacific region. Its severity ranges from mild illness to life-threatening complications and case fatality rate upto 30%, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. This study analyzed the clinical profile and pregnancy outcomes of 34 pregnant women diagnosed with scrub typhus at a tertiary care and referral centre. Poor foetal outcomes were observed in 18 (53%) pregnancies with intra-uterine deaths and spontaneous abortion occurring in 12 cases, while six had preterm births between 32 and 35 weeks …

Atypical presentation and response to treatment in scrub typhus: a series of 2 cases.

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia Tsutsugamushi. It usually presents with high fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, organomegaly and an eschar formation at the site of the bite. Doxycycline is the drug of choice usually showing rapid defervescence, but rarely some cases does not respond. Here, we present 2 such cases that did not respond to Doxycycline and had atypical presentation. Our first case presented with a fever for 15 days and then went into shock and multiorgan dysfunction despite having no fever after admission. Our second case presented in status epilepticus and …

Повышенные внеклеточные уровни грензимов у пациентов с Скрубом Тифусом.

Scrub tyhus — острая фебрилическая болезнь, вызванная цицугамуши, которая передается через клещи циггеров. Задержка в лечении приводит к различным осложнениям, а в тяжелых случаях - к смерти. Гранзимы закрыты цитотоксичными лимфоцитами или естественными клетками-убийцами и, как известно, играют важную роль в контроле внутриклеточных патогенов. На сегодняшний день мало что было сделано для изучения гранизимов у пациентов с скрубским тифом. В этом исследовании гранзимы А и В продемонстрировали значительный рост на острой стадии скруба тифа по сравнению со здоровыми предметами контроля и резко ум

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted through chigger mites. Delayed treatment results in various complications and, in severe cases, death. Granzymes are secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes or natural killer cells and are known to play an important role in controlling intracellular pathogens. To date…

Pancreatitis in scrub typhus: a rare complication.

Scrub typhus is a zoonosis transmitted by a trombiculid mite which introduces bacteria of Orientia tsutsugamushi by its bite. The acute febrile illness is characterised by eschar at the site of the bite with maculopapular rashes and local and/or generalised lymphadenopathy. The disease is endemic in the tsutsugamushi triangle. Sikkim, a small Himalayan north-eastern state, is also not unaffected where outbreaks of the disease have been reported. The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from mild to fatal depending on the virulence of the bacterial strain, susceptibility of the host and prom…

Efficacy of plant essential oils for the repellents against chiggers (Leptotrombidium imphalum) vector of scrub typhus.

Scrub typhus caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi. Rodents, particularly rats, serve as principal reservoir hosts. Infection in man is transmitted by the, chigger bite. Repellents provide an effective agent of protecting individuals from chigger. In the present study 6 plant essential oils were tested for evaluation of their repellent activity against the chigger, Leptotrombidium imphalum. The results showed that Clove oil was significantly more effective than others with ED50 and EC50 of 0.420 mg and 2.3%, followed by Zingiber oil (8.458 mg and 42.3%), Vetiver oil (19.582 mg and 97.9%), Turme…

Investigation of the role of Blankaartia acuscutellaris (Acari: Trombiculidae) as a vector of scrub typhus in central Thailand.

Monthly collections of rodents were conducted in Phitsanulok Province, central Thailand in 1993 to investigate the role of the mite Blankaartia acuscurellaris as a vector of scrub typhus. Overall, a total of 41 rodents were collected and examined for the presence of the red colored larvae of B. acuscutellaris and yellow larvae of Leptotrombidium deliense and Ascoshoengastia sp. A total of 787 B. acuscutellaris and 1390 yellow larvae were placed into pools, triturated and isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi attempted in laboratory mice. The sera of 8 of the collected rodents had elevated antibo…