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Cancer-Associated Thrombosis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis has increased in recent years. While the association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and chemotherapy is well established, there is no clear link between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and VTE risk. Many risk assessment models (RAMs) have been developed to identify high-risk patients who need prophylaxis. However, these models are validated in patients undergoing chemotherapy, while they are scarce in those receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, the mechanisms linking ICIs to thrombosis are still a matter of debate. They include the upregulat

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… Consequently, clinicians should carefully evaluate the potential for drug–drug interactions when selecting anticoagulant therapy for CAT in patients treated with some oncology drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, docetaxel, paclitaxel, irinotecan, and vinca alkaloids. …

Cancer in pregnancy: FIGO Best practice advice and narrative review.

Cancer during pregnancy is relatively rare. The incidence is underestimated due to the lack of international registries covering both high-income and low- and middle-income countries, and is expected to rise with increasing maternal age and increasing global adoption of cell-free DNA testing for aneuploidy. Physiological changes during pregnancy often make the diagnosis challenging and delayed. Lack of experience and knowledge about this condition may also contribute to late diagnosis, suboptimal management, and occasionally inadvertent fetal and/or maternal harm. The principles of cancer mana

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… rate of adverse events (41%), including congenital malformations, acute respiratory distress, and myelosuppression with 1st‐trimester exposure 34 | Considered safe to use doxorubicin and epirubicin in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters; avoid idarubicin if possible 32 Avoid daunorubicin use during pregnancy Vinca …

The Onco-Nephrology Field: The Role of Personalized Chemotherapy to Prevent Kidney Damage.

In recent years, the onco-nephrology field has acquired a relevant role in internal medicine due to the growing number of cases of renal dysfunction that have been observed in cancer patients. This clinical complication can be induced by the tumor itself (for example, due to obstructive phenomena affecting the excretory tract or by neoplastic dissemination) or by chemotherapy, as it is potentially nephrotoxic. Kidney damage can manifest as acute kidney injury or represent a worsening of pre-existing chronic kidney disease. In cancer patients, physicians should try to set preventive strategies

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… . | Negative association between cisplatin nephrotoxicity and serum albumin levels, potassium, body surface area, and the use of vinca—alcaloid. …

Cellular Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights From Drosophila and Human-Engineered Skin Models.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a highly prevalent and complex condition arising from chemotherapy cancer treatments. Currently, there are no treatment or prevention options in the clinic. CIPN accompanies pain-related sensory functions starting from the hands and feet. Studies focusing on neurons in vitro and in vivo models significantly advanced our understanding of CIPN pathological mechanisms. However, given the direct toxicity shown in both neurons and non-neuronal cells, effective in vivo or in vitro models that allow the investigation of neurons in their local envir

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… The most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents can be classified into six different groups: taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), platinum-based antineoplastics (oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin), proteosome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib), vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine …

Coronary Artery Disease and Cancer: Treatment and Prognosis Regarding Gender Differences.

Cardiovascular disease and cancer remain the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality in high-income countries. Survival after myocardial infarction has improved but there is still a difference in clinical outcome, mortality, and developing heart failure to the disadvantage of women with myocardial infarction. Most major cardiology trials and registries have excluded patients with cancer. As a result, there is only very limited information on the effects of coronary artery disease in cancer patients. In particular, the outcomes in women with cancer and coronary artery disease and its ma

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… Cases of acute myocardial infarction have also been described after treatment with vinorelbine, a vinca alkaloid, and with gemcitabine [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. 4.5. …

Mechanisms of spinal glial activation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Focus on microglia and astrocytes.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common complication in patients with malignant tumors during chemotherapy. The pathological mechanisms of CIPN remain unclear, and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are still lacking, posing a major challenge in clinical practice. Aberrant activation of spinal glial cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, is a key pathological hallmark of CIPN. Evidence from multiple animal models supports a causal link between glial activation and CIPN, suggesting that glial cells may serve as potential therapeutic targets. However, ow

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… Despite discrepancies across studies, these findings suggest that cortical glial activation may also contribute to the development of CIPN. 126 Vincristine Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of multiple malignancies, including neuroblastoma, cervical cancer …

Anti-Cancer Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds Inducing ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: A Review.

Cancer is the second biggest cause of death worldwide. Despite a number of studies being conducted, the effective mechanism for treating cancer has not yet been fully understood. The tumor-microenvironment such as hypoxia, low nutrients could disturb function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to maintain cellular homeostasis, ultimately leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER, so-called ER stress. The ER stress has a close relation with cancer. ER stress initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER

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… In fact, several conventional chemotherapeutic agents including Taxol, epothilones, vinca alkaloids originate from the resource of natural products [ 98 ]. …

Cancer Pain Is Not One-Size-Fits-All: Evolving from Tradition to Precision.

Cancer pain remains a significant challenge in oncology, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life, function, and prognosis. Historically under-recognized and managed with a uniform, opioid-centric approach, cancer pain was often inadequately treated. Advances in pain assessment, multimodal analgesia, and supportive care have improved outcomes, yet traditional algorithms frequently fail to address the complex, heterogeneous nature of cancer pain. Contemporary management is shifting toward precision and personalized medicine, integrating genetic, molecular, and biomarker data with individu

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… Chemotherapeutic medicines associated with peripheral neuropathy comprise platinum-based medications (cisplatin and oxaliplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine), thalidomide, and bortezomib. …

Cardiovascular and Oncologic Considerations in Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma: JACC: CardioOncology State-of the-Art Review.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable lymphoma that affects primarily younger patients. The therapeutic landscape has evolved and generally consists of varying combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as well as radiation in selected cases. Although most patients are cured of their lymphoma, there is a risk for late treatment-related cardiotoxicity that affects long-term survival and quality of life in this population. Careful consideration of baseline cardiac function and risk factors should be undertaken prior to proceeding with anthracycline-based therapies or thoracic radiatio

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… Carboplatin is overall well tolerated but has been associated with a risk for hypertension and a low risk for myocardial ischemia, similar to vinca alkaloids. Neither gemcitabine nor bendamustine has significant cardiotoxicity. …

Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Beyond the paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids: Next generation of plant-derived microtubule-targeting agents with potential anticancer activity Cancers 2020 12 1721 10.3390/cancers12071721 32610496 PMC7407961 52. Tomeh M.A. Hadianamrei R. Zhao X. …

Recent clinical trials with stem cells to slow or reverse normal aging processes.

Aging is associated with a decline in the regenerative potential of stem cells. In recent years, several clinical trials have been launched in order to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell interventions to slow or reverse normal aging processes (aging conditions). Information concerning those clinical trials was extracted from national and international databases (United States, EU, China, Japan, and World Health Organization). Mesenchymal stem cell preparations were in development for two main aging conditions: physical frailty and facial skin aging. With regard to physical frailty,

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… In 1958, Mathe et al. (1959) successfully performed the first adult SC therapy on five workers who had received high-dose accidental irradiation at the Vinca Nuclear Institute in Yugoslavia. After transfusions and grafts of homologous adult bone marrow, all workers survived ( Mathe et al., 1959 ). …

In vitro models of breast cancer bone metastasis: analyzing drug resistance through the lens of the microenvironment.

Even though breast cancers usually have a good outcome compared to other tumors, the cancer can progress and create metastases in different parts of the organism, the bone being a predilection locus. These metastases are usually the cause of death, as they are mostly resistant to treatments. This resistance can be caused by intrinsic properties of the tumor, such as its heterogeneity, but it can also be due to the protective role of the microenvironment. By activating signaling pathways protecting cancer cells when exposed to chemotherapy, contributing to their ability to reach dormancy, or ev

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… DNA damages | BM failure, leukemia, anemia, neutropenia | ERBB2-, BRCA1 or BRCA2+ Already treated with chemotherapy molecules Mexate, Folex, Rheumatrex | Methotrexate = amethopterin | DNA | antimetabolite | | Advanced Used with other chemotherapy molecules Navelbine | Vinorelbine | microtubules | Vinca …

Intracellular Pathways and Mechanisms of Colored Secondary Metabolites in Cancer Therapy.

Despite the great advancements made in cancer treatment, there are still many unsatisfied aspects, such as the wide palette of side effects and the drug resistance. There is an obvious increasing scientific attention towards nature and what it can offer the human race. Natural products can be used to treat many diseases, of which some plant products are currently used to treat cancer. Plants produce secondary metabolites for their signaling mechanisms and natural defense. A variety of plant-derived products have shown promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Rather than recreating

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… Vincristine and Vinblastine (vinca alkaloids extracted from Catharanthus roseus and Apocynaceae ), Paclitaxel (diterpenoid compound derived from Taxus brevifolia ), Etoposide (semisynthetic podophyllotoxin extracted from Podophyllum peltatum ), and Camptothecin (alkaloid derived from Camptotheca acuminata …

Mechanisms, Mediators, and Moderators of the Effects of Exercise on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an adverse effect of neurotoxic antineoplastic agents commonly used to treat cancer. Patients with CIPN experience debilitating signs and symptoms, such as combinations of tingling, numbness, pain, and cramping in the hands and feet that inhibit their daily function. Among the limited prevention and treatment options for CIPN, exercise has emerged as a promising new intervention that has been investigated in approximately two dozen clinical trials to date. As additional studies test and suggest the efficacy of exercise in treating CIPN, it i

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… Two thirds of patients who undergo taxane, vinca alkaloid, platinum agent, proteasome inhibitors, or thalidomide-based chemotherapeutic regimens develop CIPN [ 3 ]. …

Evolving role of neurokinin 1-receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

To examine pharmacologic and clinical characteristics of neurokinin 1 (NK1)-receptor antagonists (RAs) for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) following highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, a literature search was performed for clinical studies in patients at risk of CINV with any approved NK1 RAs in the title or abstract: aprepitant (capsules or oral suspension), HTX019 (intravenous [IV] aprepitant), fosaprepitant (IV aprepitant prodrug), rolapitant (tablets or IV), and fixed-dose tablets combining netupitant or fosnetupi-tant (IV netupitant prodrug) with the 5

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… regimens including oral rolapitant (dexamethasone 20 mg). 16 Because some NK 1 RAs are substrates, weak– moderate (dose-dependent) inhibitors, and inducers of CYP3A4, they may increase the plasma concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents that are metabolized by CYP3A4, including taxanes, irinotecan, vinca …

Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basi

Tumor Targeting with Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Showcasing Key Progress and Hurdles.

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are modular, targeted therapeutics composed of a homing peptide linked to a cytotoxic or modulating drug payload via a cleavable/non-cleavable linker. PDCs utilize peptide targeting to enhance the delivery of potent drugs to tumors, providing advantages such as superior tissue penetration, reduced immunogenicity, and simpler manufacture compared to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). A comparison of PDCs versus ADCs highlights that PDCs' small size (~1-3 kDa) enables deeper tumor penetration and faster clearance, whereas ADCs (~150 kDa) benefit from prolonged circul

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… The hydrazone linker is among the earliest used for Dox, allowing pH-triggered release. 44–46 Camptothecin derivatives are highly active topoisomerase I inhibitors; however, their clinical use is hindered by poor solubility and systemic toxicity. 68 Microtubule Inhibitors Vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine …

A Narrative Review on the Antitumoral Effects of Selected Mediterranean Plant Products from Southern Italy.

Natural products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with established roles in oncology. Their structural diversity and ability to target multiple cancer-related pathways make them promising candidates for anticancer drug development. Increasing preclinical and clinical data highlight their potential not only to exert direct antitumor effects but also to enhance patient tolerance to conventional therapies by reducing side effects and improving treatment adherence. The Mediterranean region, known for its biodiversity and traditional dietary habits, provides a rich array of natural comp

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… The discovery of the vinca alkaloids—Chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1990;68:1344–1351. doi: 10.1139/o90-197. 18. Wall M.E., Wani M.C., Cook C.A., Palmer K.H., McPhail A.A., Sim G. Plant antitumor agents. I. …

Alternative Cancer Therapeutics: Unpatentable Compounds and Their Potential in Oncology.

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. Cancer patients often seek alternative therapies in addition to, or instead of, conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. The progress in medical advancements and early detection provides more treatment options; however, the development of cancer drugs requires a significant amount of time, demands substantial investments, and results in an overall low percent of regulatory approval. The complex relationship between patent protection and pharmaceutical innovation complicates cancer drug development and contributes to hi

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… Examples of these include drugs derived from podophyllotoxin, vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytansine, tapsigargin, and bruceantin. …

Drug-Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is an easily accessible and affordable Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plant derivative with an extensive history of medical use spanning thousands of years. Interest in the therapeutic potential of CBD has increased in recent years, including its anti-tumour properties in various cancer models. In addition to the direct anticancer effects of CBD, preclinical research on numerous cannabinoids, including CBD, has highlighted their potential use in: (i) attenuating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and (ii) enhancing the efficacy of some anticancer drugs. Therefore, CBD is ga

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… Vincristine Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus that interferes with microtubule polymerization [ 100 ] and is used to treat cancers including leukaemia, lymphoma, central nervous system cancers, and sarcomas. …