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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor versus intra-abdominal fibromatosis of the bowel wall: a clinically important differential diagnosis.

Intra-abdominal fibromatosis (IAF) is an uncommon benign neoplasm that usually occurs in the mesentery or retroperitoneum and may, on occasion, mimic a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Differentiating between these two entities is important clinically because IAF is a benign tumor whereas GISTs frequently have malignant potential. In this study, the authors identified 13 cases of IAF with prominent involvement of the bowel wall as well as 35 GISTs of the small intestine, colon, or mesentery and analyzed their clinical, gross, histologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural characterist

[Clinical and pathological analysis of 64 patients with primary neoplasms of the lacrimal drainage system].

Objective: To analyze the pathological classification and age distribution of primary neoplasms of the lacrimal drainage system. Methods: Retrospective case series study. A total of 64 patients (65 eyes) were diagnosed with primary neoplasms of the lacrimal drainage system and received surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2006 to December 2016. All the clinical data of the patients were analyzed, including gender, diseased eye, age, clinical manifestations, composition of benign and malignant masses, and prognosis. The histopathological composition and age distribution of patients with

Hypertrophic and keloid scars fail to progress from the CD34- /α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ immature scar phenotype and show gradient differences in α-SMA and p16 expression.

BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the pathogenesis underlying keloid scar formation is still very limited, and the morphological distinction between hypertrophic and keloid scars remains difficult. OBJECTIVES: To test whether hypertrophic and keloid scars may reflect an inability to progress from immaturity to the desired mature normotrophic scar phenotype. METHODS: Using whole-biopsy imaging and an objectively quantifiable way to analyse immunoreactivity, we have compared the immunohistopathological profiles of young immature scars with mature normotrophic scars, hypertrophic scars, and kelo

[Analysis of the binding domain of hydroxypyruvate isomerase homologues in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the binding domain of hydroxypyruvate isomerase homologues (HYI) in the interaction with protein P311 in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (Fb). METHODS: (1) P 311 was amplified by PCR using plasmid pMD18-T-P 311 as template. The total RNA of hypertrophic scar Fb was extracted by Trizol to amplify HYI with RT-PCR. Recombinant vectors pGADT7-P 311 and pGBKT7-HYI were constructed by double-enzyme digestion, and they were verified by PCR and sequencing. The secondary structure of protein HYI was analyzed with software Prot Seale and HNN. Fragments of HYI-1 (1-447 bp), HYI-2 (24

A report on second neo-plasms in seven children with solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the characteristics and related high risk factors of second neoplasms after chemotherapy and radiotherapy in children with solid tumors. METHODS: The detailed clinical data of seven children with malignant solid tumors, who were treated in our department, were retrospectively analyzed, in order to summarize the clinical characteristics of the secondary onset of second neoplasms, and determined the risk factors related to the occurrence of second neoplasms. RESULTS: (1) Clinical characteristics: Among the seven children with malignant solid tumors, th

Inflammation and Fibrosis in Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a commonly inherited disorder characterized by cyst formation and fibrosis (Wilson, N Engl J Med 350:151-164, 2004) and is caused by mutations in cilia or cilia-related proteins, such as polycystin 1 or 2 (Oh and Katsanis, Development 139:443-448, 2012; Kotsis et al., Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:518-526, 2013). A major pathological feature of PKD is the development of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis with an associated accumulation of inflammatory cells (Grantham, N Engl J Med 359:1477-1485, 2008; Zeier et al., Kidney Int 42:1259-1265, 1992; Ibrahim, Sci

Posterior capsulorhexis combined with optic buttonholing: an alternative to standard in-the-bag implantation of sharp-edged intraocular lenses? A critical analysis of 1000 consecutive cases.

BACKGROUND: Current after-cataract prevention relies on optimizing the natural barrier effect of the optic rim against lens epithelial cell (LEC) migration. However, deficiencies in circumferential capsular bag closure caused by the intraocular lens (IOL) haptic or delayed secondary re-division of the fused capsules by Soemmering s ring formation lead to primary or secondary barrier failure. Consequently, surprisingly high posterior laser capsulotomy rates have been reported long-term, even with optimal capsular surgery and the most widespread hydrophobic acrylic IOLs, considered to be the mos

SOX9 Induces Orbital Fibroblast Activation in Thyroid Eye Disease Via MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathway.

PurposeTo evaluate the expression of sry-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) of thyroid eye disease (TED) and to find its potential role and underlying mechanism in orbital fibrosis.MethodsOFs were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from patients with TED (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 6). SOX9 was depleted by small interfering RNA or overexpressed through lentivirus transduction in OFs. Fibroblast contractile activity was measured by collagen gel contraction assay and proliferation was examined by EdU assay. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by

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… Crucial points of fibrosis involved the aberrant conversion of fibroblasts into α-SMA–expressing myofibroblasts and increased collagen deposition. 27 , 28 We investigated the in vitro effect of SOX9 in TGF-β1–induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation. … The myofibroblast: phenotypic characterization as a prerequisite to understanding its functions in translational medicine. J Cell Mol Med . 2008; 12: 22–37. 28. Darby I, Skalli O, Gabbiani G.. Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing. …

Novel therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis represents the end stage of a number of heterogeneous conditions and is, to a greater or lesser degree, the hallmark of the interstitial lung diseases. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the pulmonary interstitium leading to the obliteration of functional alveolar units and in many cases, respiratory failure. While a small number of interstitial lung diseases have known aetiologies, most are idiopathic in nature, and of these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and carries with it an appalling prognosis - med

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… The myofibroblast response in IPF The myofibroblast has long been regarded as a major cell type involved in normal wound healing, and as the key effector cell in fibrogenesis. … Recent studies have also provided evidence for the existence of an ANGII/TGF-β‘autocrine loop’: human lung myofibroblasts derived from human IPF lung constitutively express more AGT and active TGF-β than control fibroblasts; in turn, induction of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation by TGF-β is …

Spatial frequency domain imaging for assessment of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with no approved skin-directed therapies. The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is the standard measure of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis, but it has limitations. There is an unmet need for a non-invasive skin outcome measure that is objective, biologically anchored to dermal fibrosis, and scalable for multicentre trials. We evaluated spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), a wide field, non-contact optical method as a systemic sclerosis skin outcome measure. METHODS: This single-centre, prospective, cohort study was done at the

Талидомид взаимодействует с воспалением в идиопатическом фиброзе легких.

" Трагедия Талидомида " является важной вехой в истории фармацевтической промышленности. Несмотря на ограниченные клинические испытания, прилагаются постоянные усилия по изучению Талидомида в качестве лекарства от рака и подстрекательских заболеваний, таких, как ревматуидный артрит, проказа, и COVID-19. В рамках этого обзора основное внимание уделяется возможностям борьбы с воспалением путем повторного использования талидомида для лечения идиопатического фиброза легких (ИПФ). Статьи были найдены в базе данных Scopus, сортированы и рассмотрены отдельные статьи. Содержание включает в с

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… , dedifferentiated myofibroblasts to fibroblasts due to cytoskeleton remodelling, and restrained myofibroblast activation by targeting Orai1 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathways (Tang et al. 2021 ) 35 Thalidomide, but not lenalidomide or pomalidomide, upregulated spinal microglial IL-10 / β-endorphin … , dedifferentiated myofibroblasts to fibroblasts due to cytoskeleton remodelling, and restrained myofibroblast activation by targeting Orai1 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathways | (Tang et al. 2021 ) 35 | Thalidomide, but not lenalidomide or pomalidomide, upregulated spinal microglial IL-10 / β-endorphin …

Antifibrotic therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are a ubiquitous condition estimated to affect over 50% of men over the age of 50 years. Various treatment options exist for men presenting with LUTS/BPH, including lifestyle and behavioral modification and medical or surgical treatment. Although multiple medical treatments exist, innovation for the medical treatment of BPH has not significantly progressed. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review was performed to evaluate prostate fibrosis as a contributor to LUTS/BPH and to identify potential anti

Emergence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Indispensable Cellular Player in Bone Metastasis Process.

Bone metastasis is frequently complicated in patients with advanced solid cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, and impairs patients' quality of life and prognosis. At the first step of bone metastasis, cancer cells adhere to the endothelium in bone marrow and survive in a dormant state by utilizing hematopoietic niches present therein. Once a dormant stage is disturbed, cancer cells grow through the interaction with various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Consequently, osteoclast activation is a hallmark of bone metastasis. As a consequence,

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… Hence, myofibroblasts express hematopoietic, epithelial, endothelial, or pericyte markers to a variable degree, probably mirroring their origin. Figure 1 Ontogeny and phenotypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and myofibroblasts. … CAFs are myofibroblast-like cells present in the tumor microenvironment and share phenotypic similarities with myofibroblasts in fibrotic tissues [ 17 ]. …

EP300 as a Molecular Integrator of Fibrotic Transcriptional Programs.

Fibrosis is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in tissues, leading to organ dysfunction and failure. Recent studies have identified EP300, a histone acetyltransferase, as a crucial regulator of the epigenetic changes that contribute to fibrosis. In fact, EP300-mediated acetylation of histones alters global chromatin structure and gene expression, promoting the development and progression of fibrosis. Here, we review the role of EP300-mediated epigenetic regulation in multi-organ fibrosis and its potential as a therapeutic target. We discuss

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… In myofibroblasts from Dupuytren’s disease patients, SGC-CBP30 and I-CBP112 were used to validate CREBBP and EP300 as key regulators of the profibrotic phenotype in myofibroblasts by decreasing the expression of the profibrotic genes ACTA2 and COL1A1 [ 92 ]. … Specifically, SGC-CBP30 identified collagen VI as a prominent downstream regulator of myofibroblast activity [ 91 ]. …

Influence of Fibroblasts on Mammary Gland Development, Breast Cancer Microenvironment Remodeling, and Cancer Cell Dissemination.

The stromal microenvironment regulates mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. In normal mammary glands, the stromal microenvironment encompasses the ducts and contains fibroblasts, the main regulators of branching morphogenesis. Understanding the way fibroblast signaling pathways regulate mammary gland development may offer insights into the mechanisms of breast cancer (BC) biology. In fact, the unregulated mammary fibroblast signaling pathways, associated with alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and branching morphogenesis, drive breast cancer microenvironment (BCM) rem

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… On the other hand, myofibroblasts also regulate the morphogenesis of normal breast epithelial cells. … BCAFs share similarities with activated fibroblasts, named myofibroblasts, i.e., cells involved in wound healing and inflammatory processes [ 12 ]. However, unlike normal myofibroblasts, BCAFs fail to undergo apoptosis [ 12 ]. …

Advances in Extracellular Matrix-Associated Diagnostics and Therapeutics.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the common denominator of more than 50 chronic diseases. Some of these chronic pathologies lead to enhanced tissue formation and deposition, whereas others are associated with increased tissue degradation, and some exhibit a combination of both, leading to severe tissue alterations. To develop effective therapies for diseases affecting the lung, liver, kidney, skin, intestine, musculoskeletal system, heart, and solid tumors, we need to modulate the ECM's composition to restore its organization and function. Across diverse organ diseases, there are common denom

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… Similar myofibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in other tissues, such as the lungs, kidneys, and heart. … In contrast, cold fibrosis is characterized by myofibroblasts without the presence of inflammatory macrophages. This state also leads to ECM accumulation due to the abundance of myofibroblasts. The intermediate-duration injury signals tend to lead to cold fibrosis. …

Модулирование ренального фиброза: новая роль фактора роста гепатоцитов.

Введение и обоснование фактора роста Hepatocyte (HGF) является многофункциональным белком, связанным с ростом и расширением клеток. Известно, что HGF в значительной степени проявляется в почечной ткани и в ее роли в залечивании ран и распространении тканей. Эта обзорная статья была направлена на изучение патогенеза HGF в почечной фиброзе в дополнение к его связи с взаимосвязанными подстрекательскими заболеваниями, такими, как гипертония и диабет. 2025 - выявление и сопоставление исследований, посвященных взаимосвязи между почечным фиброзом и ГФУ в доклинических и клинических условиях. Полученн

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… The irreversible damage of renal fibrosis stems from myofibroblasts that enhance the fibrotic process [ 19 ]. … Moreover, HGF treatment led to a marked decrease in myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition, key indicators of fibrosis progression [ 107 ]. …

New insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: learning from histochemical analyses of animal models.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication that can occur in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by bowel obstruction and marked sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of EPS are complex, angiogenesis, inflammation, and peritoneal fibrosis are known to be essential factors. Now, several animal models that exhibit EPS have pathophysiology similar to that of human EPS and have been proposed for use in research to provide insights into it. Recent histochemical methods also help us

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… In humans and animal models, myofibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes are observed in the fibrotic peritoneum [ 5 , 47 ]. … The subsequent myofibroblast proliferation by several cytokines and growth factors, and the accompanying accumulation of extracellular matrix in the peritoneum, are the key events that lead to peritoneal fibrosis. …

Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in precl

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… Furthermore, Nox4 plays a critical role in myofibroblast tissue repair functions and fibrogenesis ( Hecker et al., 2009 ). … A posterior study showed resveratrol was able to repress and reverse myofibroblasts TGF-β- and/or CXCL12-mediated transformation ( Mehrzadi et al., 2020 ). …

Targeting the PINK1/Parkin-FNDC5 pathway: a novel mechanism of icariin in regulating muscle-bone metabolic coupling in osteosarcopenia.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcopenia (OS) significantly elevates fracture risk in the elderly due to concurrent skeletal and muscular metabolic decline. Mitochondrial autophagy dysregulation is a significant mechanism driving myoskeletal metabolic imbalance, and myofibroblast-derived factor 5 (FNDC5)/irisin is a crucial mediator in the myoskeletal dialogue. It is unclear if the medicinal ingredient icariin (ICA) from the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium can work in concert to prevent and treat OS through this pathway, despite research suggesting that exercise may enhance muscular performance by modul