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Role of secreted conjunctival mucosal cytokine and chemokine proteins in different stages of trachomatous disease.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for trachoma, the primary cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Plans to eradicate trachoma using the World Health Organization's SAFE program (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness and Environment Improvement) have resulted in recurrence of infection and disease following cessation of treatment in many endemic countries, suggesting the need for a vaccine to control infection and trachomatous disease. Vaccine development requires, in part, knowledge of the mucosal host immune responses in both healthy and trachomatous conjuctivae-an area …

The molecular mechanism of induction of unfolded protein response by Chlamydia.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to chlamydial pathogenesis, as a source of lipids and ATP during replication, and for establishing the initial anti-apoptotic state of host cell that ensures successful inclusion development. The molecular mechanism(s) of UPR induction by Chlamydia is unknown. Chlamydia use type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins (e.g, the Translocated Actin-Recruiting Phosphoprotein (Tarp) to stimulate host cell's cytoskeletal reorganization that facilitates invasion and inclusion development. We investigated the hypothesis that T3SS effector-mediated

Trachoma in Croatia: How Did it Become a Thing of the Past?

BACKGROUND: Trachoma is a specific type of keratoconjunctivitis caused by bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and characterized by conjunctival follicular and papillary hyperplasia, followed by conjunctival scarring, entropion, trichiasis and corneal ulcerations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to describe the successful epidemiological programs and actions which led to eradication of trachoma in Croatia. METHODS: Online literature search conducted with the purpose of identifying studies describing epidemiological methods of eradicating trachoma in Croatia. RESULTS: In an effort to eradica…

Multimodal mucosal and systemic immune characterization of a non-human primate trachoma model highlights the critical role of local immunity during acute phase disease.

BACKGROUND: Trachoma is a leading cause of infection-related blindness worldwide. This disease is caused by recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections of the conjunctiva and develops in two phases: i) active (acute trachoma, characterized by follicular conjunctivitis), then long-term: ii) scarring (chronic trachoma, characterized by conjunctival fibrosis, corneal opacification and eyelid malposition). Scarring trachoma is driven by the number and severity of reinfections. The immune system plays a pivotal role in trachoma including exacerbation of the disease. Hence the immune system may …

A Functional Yeast-Based Screen Identifies the Host Microtubule Cytoskeleton as a Target of Numerous Chlamydia pneumoniae Proteins.

Bacterial pathogens have evolved intricate ways to manipulate the host to support infection. Here, we systematically assessed the importance of the microtubule cytoskeleton for infection by Chlamydiae, which are obligate intracellular bacteria that are of great importance for human health. The elimination of microtubules in human HEp-2 cells prior to C. pneumoniae infection profoundly attenuated the infection efficiency, demonstrating the need for microtubules for the early infection processes. To identify microtubule-modulating C. pneumoniae proteins, a screen in the model yeast Schizosacchar

The Histopathology of Anorectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection.

OBJECTIVES: Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the anorectal tract is often asymptomatic and infrequently biopsied, but pathologists can be tasked with identifying the histologic features of possible infection. The study was undertaken to better characterize clinical and morphologic features of confirmed anorectal gonococcal infection. METHODS: From 2011 to 2020, 201 positive gonococcal nucleic acid amplification testing samples from 174 patients collected from the distal colorectum and/or anus were matched to eight patients with concurrent biopsy specimens of the distal anorectum. Complete d

Lymphogranuloma venereum mimicking rectal cancer (T3 N2) and causing a rectovesical fistula.

We present the case of a 66-year-old bisexual patient suffering from painful bloody defecation, linked to rectal thickening, rectovesical fistula and enlarged lymph nodes in the mesorectal area. The patient was misdiagnosed with rectal cancer (T3 N2) on MRI but the symptoms of the patient were due to lymphogranuloma venereum. After adequate treatment with doxycycline, symptoms faded within days; a control MRI showed complete regression of all pathologic alterations.

[Chlamydial infection still a common and sometimes serious infection].

Chlamydial infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Sweden and worldwide, despite extensive testing, efficient treatment and partner notification. The incidence of Lymphogranuloma venereum, currently occurring among men who have sex with men and most often in the rectum, shows no tendency to decline. This infection is usually symptomatic but still evading diagnosis due to similarities to other causes of proctitis. There is evidence that rectal chlamydia is common also in women not practicing anal sex.

Towards a safe and effective chlamydial vaccine: lessons from the eye.

As well as being the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading infectious cause of blindness. The pathogenesis of ocular chlamydial infection (trachoma) is similar to that of genital infection. In the 1960s the efficacy of Ct vaccines against ocular infection was evaluated in major field trials in Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, The Gambia, India and Ethiopia. These trials showed that it was possible to induce short term immunity to ocular infection, and to reduce the incidence of inflammatory trachoma, by parenteral immunisation with killed or live …

Trachoma: an overview.

Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It afflicts some of the poorest regions of the globe, predominantly in Africa and Asia. The disease is initiated in early childhood by repeated infection of the ocular surface by Chlamydia trachomatis. This triggers recurrent chronic inflammatory episodes, leading to the development of conjunctival scarring. This scar tissue contracts, distorting the eyelids (entropion) causing contact between the eyelashes and the surface of the eye (trichiasis). This compromises the cornea and blinding opacification often ensues. The World …

Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, cell cycle progression, and division of Chlamydia-infected HeLa 229 cells.

The fate of lymphogranuloma venereum strain Chlamydia-infected HeLa 229 cells was examined by determining the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the kinetics of entry into and progression through S phase and by time-lapse cinemicrography. At an input multiplicity of 5 or less, Chlamydia-infected cells showed no inhibition of host deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis or cell cycle progression. Cinemicrography showed division of inclusion-containing cells, with one or both daughters receiving chlamydial inclusions. Analysis of the family trees indicated that the generation times of infected

Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

The observation of more than four polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) per high-power field (hpf) in gram-stained smears of urethral secretions was … more than one sexual partner (polygamous controls) suggests that asymptomatic NGU is not uncommon. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated significantly more frequently from the NGU study group than from the control group (P less than 0.001). This study adds Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis), group B streptococci, and yeasts to the list of sexually transmitt …

Распространение инфекций, передаваемых половым путем, у женщин в вооруженных силах Чешской Республики: экспериментальное исследование по различным направлениям.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (ИППП), являются постоянной проблемой здравоохранения во всем мире. Признается, что военная обстановка сопряжена с высоким риском. Человеческий папилломавирус (HPV), хламидиа трахомати и Нейсерия гонореа являются наиболее частыми ИППП во всем мире. Основное внимание в этом перспективном экспериментальном исследовании уделяется распространенности отдельных ИППП среди женского населения вооруженных сил Чешской Республики. МЕТОДЫ: В период с августа 2020 года по декабрь 2022 года на 141 женщине были проведены мероприятия по обнаружению и генотификаци

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an everlasting health issue globally. The military environment is recognised as a high-risk setting. Human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most frequent STIs worldwide. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study focuses on the prevalence of selected STIs …

A national survey integrating clinical, laboratory, and WASH data to determine the typology of trachoma in Nauru.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of trachoma in several Pacific Islands differs from other endemic settings, in that there is a high prevalence … years provided conjunctival swabs and finger-prick dried blood spots to investigate the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid and anti-Pgp3 antibodies, respectively. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In 818 participants aged 1-9 years, the age-adjusted TF prevalence was 21.8% (95% CI 15.2-26.2%); ocular C. trachomatis prevalence was 34.5% (95% CI 30.6-38.9), and anti-Pgp3 …

Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Using a Variety of Contraceptive Options: A prospective Study among High-risk African Women.

INTRODUCTION: In many African settings, women concurrently face substantial risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Few studies have evaluated STI risk among users of hormonal implants and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) although these long-acting reversible contraceptive methods are being promoted widely because of their benefits. Within a prospective study of women at risk for HIV-1, we compared the risk of acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis among wo…