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Pathological findings in eyes enucleated because of perforating injury.

Forty-eight eyes enucleated after a perforating eye injury (PEI) in 1980-86 (15% of all PEIs) were examined. The time between injury and enucleation varied from 0 to 1145 days. The lens had been damaged or lost in all eyes and 94% had an uveal tract injury. In 83% the retina was detached, in 15% it was totally prolapsed in injury. The inflammatory signs were most marked in eyes with a corneoscleral or double perforation. Proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelial cells or fibrous proliferation from the wound or ciliary body was found 9-10 days after trauma and epiretinal membranes from th…

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Pathogenic mechanisms of ocular disease.

A gross, light, and electron microscopic study of the eyes from 35 consecutive autopsy cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome revealed cotton-wool spots (71% of cases), retinal hemorrhage in areas without cytomegalovirus infection (40%), cytomegalovirus retinitis (34%) with associated retinal detachment, Roth's spots (23%), retinal microaneurysms (20%), papilledema (14%), conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma (9%), cryptococcal chorioretinitis (6%), Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in retina and in choroidal granulomas (6%), ischemic maculopathy (6%), bilateral keratitis (3%), and herpes s…

Analysis of animal models of macular edema.

Various models of macular edema have been studied; however, frank development of a prototypical cystoid macular edema has not been observed. In humans, cystoid edema is frequently observed in association with other disturbances of the retina. Thus, a basic drawback of the animal models may be that an otherwise healthy retina is capable of resolving the experimentally produced edema, thereby preventing chronic cystoid maculopathy. A review of macular edema models and of experimental retinal and brain edema investigations suggests that blood-retinal (blood-brain) barrier permeability abnormaliti…

Multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy (MORR) with a chronologically divergent presentation- a case report.

PURPOSE: Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare inflammatory disease of the outer retina, often presented with subtle early findings. A specific subtype, termed Multizonal Outer Retinopathy and Retinal Pigment Epitheliopathy (MORR), is characterized by distinct progression pattern (Ramtohul et al. Retina 43:1890–1903, 2023) in multiple zones of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium. This case report aims to illustrate the chronologically divergent presentation, a phase-shifting disease progression and the complex clinical course of MORR, and to discuss the diagnostic …

Video Color OCT Angiography for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization.

PURPOSE: To investigate the myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) features on dynamic video color OCT angiography (OCTA) and the diagnost … wo (65%) active mMNVs presented on video color OCTA as an interlacing vascular network in the outer retina and the choriocapillaris. A tapered form was the prevalent size (72.7%). In 3 eyes (9%), an abnormal and irregular vascular network (AVN) was disclosed and in 5 (15%) only some blood flow alteration. All the lesions extended in both the outer retina …

Ocular manifestations of central insulin resistance.

Central insulin resistance, the diminished cellular sensitivity to insulin in the brain, has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer … l group. Blood samples, intraocular pressure, trabecular meshwork morphology, ciliary body markers, retinal and optic nerve integrity, and whole genome expression patterns were then evaluated. While neither blood glucose nor serum insulin level was significantly altered in the experimental or control group, we found that injection of S961 but not buffer …

Association of Retinal Changes With Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Cognitively Normal Individuals.

IMPORTANCE: Retinal biomarkers reflecting in vivo brain Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologic abnormalities could be a useful tool for screening cognitively normal (CN) individuals at the preclinical stage of AD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of both functional and structural alterations of the retina with in vivo AD pathologic abnormalities in CN older adults and model a screening tool for detection of preclinical AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included a total of 49 CN individuals, and all assessment was done at the Seoul National University Hosp…

Vitamin A and Daucus carota root extract mitigate STZ-induced diabetic retinal degeneration in Wistar albino rats by modulating neurotransmission and downregulation of apoptotic pathways.

The objective of our study was to explore the deleterious effects of diabetes on the visual functions of the retina and to address whether the administration of vitamin A and carrot root extract (CE) confer retinal protection in hyperglycemic rats via modulation of oxidative stress, biochemical alternations, and retinal neurotransmission. Fifty male Wistar albino rats weighing 180 ± 12.41 g were randomized into five groups (n = 10): controls, diabetic group (injected with 40 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 sodium citrate buffer), diabetic group treated with vitamin A (2,500 IU/kg, low dose), diabetic g…

Comparative study of arsenic toxicosis and ocular pathology in wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) breeding in arsenic contaminated areas of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada).

The Giant Mine is an abandoned gold mine in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Throughout its operation from 1948 to 2004, the Giant Mine released heavy amounts of arsenic trioxide into the environment, thus contaminating the soil and surface water within and around the vicinity of the mine site. Chronic arsenic (As) poisoning negatively impacts wildlife health and can induce multi-organ damages including neurodegeneration and visual dysfunction depending on concentration and duration of exposure. The aim of the current study was to comparatively assess retina layer changes and preval…

Прион Семена дистрибутируют по глазам пациентов Спорадик Кретцфельдт-Якоб.

Болезнь Спорадик Креуцфельдта-Якоба (SCJD) является наиболее распространенным приионным заболеванием у людей и передается ятрогенически через трансплантацию роговицы. Примерно у 40% пациентов, страдающих синдромом SCJD, появляются визуальные или окуломомоторные симптомы, и они могут обращаться за офтальмологическими консультациями. Здесь мы использовали очень чувствительный метод преобразования в режиме реального времени (RT-QuIC) для измерения посмертного посева прионов в роговице, линзах, окулярной жидкости, сетчатке, хороиде, склере, оптическом нерве и внекулярной мышце в самой большой сери

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common prion disease in humans and has been iatrogenically transmitted through corneal … rsion (RT-QuIC) assay to measure postmortem prion seeding activities in cornea, lens, ocular fluid, retina, choroid, sclera, optic nerve, and extraocular muscle in the largest series of sCJD patient eyes studied by any assay to date. We detected prion seeding activity in 100% of sCJD eyes, representing three common sCJD subtypes, with levels varying by u …

Ocular pharmacokinetics of dorzolamide and brinzolamide after single and multiple topical dosing: implications for effects on ocular blood flow.

Ophthalmic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been shown to improve retinal and optic nerve blood flow. However, the relative tissue distributions of commercially available carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to the optic nerve are not known. The objective of this study was to compare the ocular pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of dorzolamide and brinzolamide after single and multiple topical applications. Pigmented rabbits were treated with single or multiple topical administrations of 30 μl of Trusopt (dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, 2%) to one eye and 30 μl of Azop…

Novel human ocular glutathione S-transferases with high activity toward 4-hydroxynonenal.

PURPOSE: To study the distribution and expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes involved in detoxification of endogenously generated toxic products of lipid peroxidation, namely, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in human lens, retina, cornea, iris, ciliary body and to study their kinetic and structural properties. METHODS: The authors have previously cloned and sequenced cDNA of mouse mGSTA4-4, which shows high activity towards 4-HNE. They have expressed it in Escherichia coli and have raised antibodies against the recombinant mGSTA4-4. In the present study, these antibodies were used in West…

Leber's amaurosis with nephronophthisis and congenital hepatic fibrosis.

We describe a case of Leber's amaurosis in a one-year-old girl with unusual presentations. She presented with small clue like tachypnea and nystagmoid novement of eyeswhich when pursued revealed involvement like hepatic, renal and retina.

A Spectrum of Severity of a Unifying Retinal Phenotype in TUBB4B-Associated Inherited Retinal Degeneration.

PURPOSE: To increase our understanding of TUBB4B-associated autosomal dominant retinal degenerations through in-depth retinal phenotyping. METHODS: Two patients with pathogenic heterozygous variants in TUBB4B underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic exam, multimodal imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), ultra-widefield fundus imaging and short-wavelength (SW) and near infrared (NIR) fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Kinetic and chromatic dark- and light-adapted perimetry co-localized to the SD-OCT scans was performed in the older patient. RESULTS: A 4 year old, high hy…

Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in NR2E3 may be associated with a subtle enhanced S-cone syndrome phenotype.

PURPOSE: To describe the phenotype of a patient with bi-allelic pathogenic variants in NR2E3 that did not result in an overt enhanced S-cone … y midperipheral pigmentary retinopathy with major interocular asymmetry. On SD-OCT, there were intraretinal cystic changes in the right eye and photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning most obvious in superior retina, with steep transitions into normally laminated retina. ffERG showed moderately reduced amplitudes for rod- and cone-mediated respo …

SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF THE OPTIC PIT COMPLEX.

PURPOSE: To reassess the anatomical basis of optic disc pit maculopathy using swept source optical coherence tomography and to characterize the broader structural abnormalities comprising the optic pit complex. METHODS: Sixteen patients with optic disc pit maculopathy were imaged using a high-resolution swept source optical coherence tomography system (DREAM optical coherence tomography). Cross-sectional and volume-rendered scans were analyzed for lamina cribrosa defects, intraneural cavitations, and pathways for fluid entry into or beneath the retina. RESULTS: All eyes demonstrated lamina c…

Further validation of the patient roles and responsibilities scale.

PURPOSE: To describe the retinal phenotype of pediatric patients with mutations in the retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) gene. METHODS: Twenty-one patients from 14 families (ages 2-17 years) with RDH12-associated inherited retinal degeneration (RDH12-IRD) underwent a complete ophthalmic exam and imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and near infrared and short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence. Visual field extent was measured with Goldmann kinetic perimetry, visual thresholds with dark-adapted static perimetry or with dark-adapted chromatic full-field stimulus te…

" Глаза как окно к нейродегенерации: окисляющий стресс " , " Оптическая уязвимость нерва " и " Стержневой обзор биомаркеров-а " .

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезное и растущее бремя для здоровья населения мира, характеризующееся постепенной нейронной дисфункцией, аксонной дегенерацией и необратимой потерей нейронных тканей. Все больше фактов указывает на окислительный стресс как на один из нескольких взаимодействующих патогенных механизмов в болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и нескольких оптических нейропот. Все больше внимания уделяется оси мозга и сетчатки, поскольку сетчатка и зрительный нерв делятся структурными, метаболическими и молекулярными харак

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major and growing global health burden characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction, axonal dege … c lateral sclerosis, and several optic neuropathies. Interest has increasingly focused on the brain-retina axis, as the retina and optic nerve share structural, metabolic, and molecular features with the central nervous system and may provide accessible insights into neurodegeneration. This scoping review mapped current evidence on oxidative stress in ne …

A Bifunctional Peptide with Penetration Ability for Treating Retinal Angiogenesis via Eye Drops.

Numerous diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, can lead to retinal neovascularization, which can seriously impair the visual function and potentially result in blindness. The presence of the blood-retina barrier makes it challenging for ocularly administered drugs to penetrate physiological barriers and reach the ocular posterior segments, including the retina and choroid. Herein, we developed an innovative bifunctional peptide, Tat-C-RP7, which exhibits excellent penetration capabilities and antiangiogenic properties aimed at treating retinal neovascular…

Loss of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduced monocyte recruitment and preserved retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of hypertensive glaucoma.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, a potent chemokine for myeloid cells, has been associated with disease progression in glaucoma. We examined whether genetic knockout (KO) of MCP-1 affected RGC density and function, retinal myeloid cell density, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the setting of microbead induced hypertensive glaucoma. Adult wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J or MCP-1 KO mice received bilateral injections of either magnetic microbeads to elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) or balanced salt solution (BSS) as normotensive controls. After 8 weeks, immunolabeling of reti…