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Dengue vaccines for travelers.

Dengue is an arthropod-borne infection caused by a flavivirus and spread by the Aedes mosquitoes. Many of the countries where dengue is ende … ely excluded for travelers with prior or concurrent vaccination against other flaviviruses, such as yellow fever or Japanese encephalitis. Licensing dengue as a travelers' vaccine poses unique challenges beyond the development of a vaccine for the endemic population.

Spatial and demographic patterns of cholera in Ashanti region - Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in Africa. The disease is listed as one of three internationally quarantinable diseases by the World Health organization, along with plague and yellow fever. Between 1999 and 2005, Africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide. In Ghana, there have been over 27000 reported cases since 1999. In one of the affected regions in Ghana, Ashanti region, massive outbreaks and high incidences of cholera have predominated in urban and ove…

Forkhead transcription factors regulate mosquito reproduction.

Forkhead-box (Fox) genes encode a family of transcription factors defined by a 'winged helix' DNA-binding domain. In this study we aimed to identify Fox factors that are expressed within the fat body of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and determine whether any of these are involved in the regulation of mosquito yolk protein gene expression. The Ae. aegypti genome contains 18 loci that encode putative Fox factors. Our stringent cladistic analysis has profound implications for the use of Fox genes as phylogenetic markers. Twelve Ae. aegypti Fox genes are expressed within various tissues…

Surveillance of dengue vector at thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) International Airport.

A survey of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes was undertaken in and around the International airport at Thiruvananthapuram during premonsoon season. An attempt has been made in this paper to elaborate on the presence of risk potential for Dengue /yellow fever at the airport with the detection of Aedes breeding. The entomological indices have also been discussed with regard to presence of potential wet containers and rate of infestation by Aedes mosquitoes. The airport area was searched for Aedes (Stegomyia) breeding where 20% of the premises were found positive for Aedes aegypti breeding and one pr…

Leucokinin activates Ca(2+)-dependent signal pathway in principal cells of Aedes aegypti Malpighian tubules.

The role of Ca(2+) in mediating the diuretic effects of leucokinin-VIII was studied in isolated perfused Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Peritubular leucokinin-VIII (1 microM) decreased the transepithelial resistance from 11.2 to 2.6 kOmega. cm, lowered the transepithelial voltage from 42.8 to 2.7 mV, and increased transepithelial Cl(-) diffusion potentials 5.1-fold. In principal cells of the tubules, leucokinin-VIII decreased the fractional resistance of the basolateral membrane from 0.733 to 0.518. These effects were reversed by the peritubular Ca(2+)-channel …

Aedes aegypti glutamine синтетиказа: выражение и генная структура.

Перитрофная матрица (ТЧ) - это первый естественный барьер, с которым сталкиваются паразиты, передающиеся через комары, когда они поглощаются кровью; следовательно, понимание биологии образования ТЧ может обеспечить новые стратегии регулирования передачи. Поскольку ТЧ состоят из хитина (молекулы повторяющихся единиц N-ацетил глюкозамина), гликопротеинов и глюкозы, характеризующих регулирование ферментов, участвующих в производстве хитина, должны содержать информацию о факторах, влияющих на образование ТЧ. Ранее мы показали, что глютамин синтетаза (GS) обеспечивает глютамин, необходимый на начал

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The peritrophic matrix (PM) is the first natural barrier a mosquito-borne parasite faces when ingested with a blood meal; consequently, unde … ne synthetase (GS) provides the glutamine needed in the initial steps of chitin biosynthesis in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In the present study we show that GS is encoded by a single 4.5 kb gene, designated mGS, containing three exons and two introns. Multiple transcripts are generated from mGS presumably by differential splicing of the introns. …

Recombinant juvenile hormone esterase, an effective tool for modifying juvenile hormone-dependent expression of the early trypsin gene in mosquitoes.

The study of the changes in the steady-state levels of the early trypsin (ET) messenger RNA (mRNA) was used as a sensitive assay for measuring the effects of recombinant juvenile hormone esterase (rJHE) on juvenile hormone (JH)-dependent gene expression in mosquitoes. ET is a female-specific protease present in the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti during the first few hours after ingestion of a blood meal. Transcription of the early trypsin gene is part of the normal postemergence maturation of the midgut in the adult female, and it is regulated by JH. JHE was cloned from Heli…

Promoter sequences of the putative Anopheles gambiae apyrase confer salivary gland expression in Drosophila melanogaster.

The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains an apyrase that facilitates hematophagy by inhibiting the ADP-induced aggregation of the host platelets. We report here the isolation of a salivary gland-specific cDNA encoding a secreted protein that likely represents the Anopheles gambiae apyrase. We describe also two additional members of the apyrase/5'-nucleotidase family. The cDNA corresponding to the AgApyL1 gene encodes a secreted protein that is closely related in sequence to the apyrase of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and whose expression appears enriched in, but not restric…

Oscillations of voltage and resistance in Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti.

The transepithelial voltage (V(t)) of isolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti spontaneously oscillates in more than half the tubules. Typically, V(t) decreases and then rises at a frequency of 2 oscillations/min with a duration of 16 s. In 6 isolated perfused tubules studied in detail, V(t) oscillates between 50.5 mV and 15.7 mV in parallel with (1) oscillations of the transepithelial resistance (R(t)) between 7.61 kOmegacm and 3.63 kOmegacm, (2) oscillations of the basolateral membrane voltage of principal cells between -56.7 mV and -72.2 mV, and (3) oscillation…

E75 expression in mosquito ovary and fat body suggests reiterative use of ecdysone-regulated hierarchies in development and reproduction.

The steroid hormone ecdysone controls genetic regulatory hierarchies underlying insect molting, metamorphosis and, in some insects, reproduc … bodies. Here, we identify the homologue of the Drosophila E75 early ecdysone inducible gene in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and show that, as in Drosophila, the mosquito homologue, AaE75, consists of three overlapping transcription units with three mRNA isoforms, AaE75A, AaE75B, and AaE75C, originating as a result of alternative splicing. All thre …

[Subdural abscess following chronic subdural hematoma].

This is a report of subdural abscess following chronic subdural hematoma. An 86-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to drowsiness and left hemiparesis. He had been suffering from a spike fever which originated during chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis and which had continued since 2 years prior to admission. On admission, CT scans revealed right chronic subdural hematoma, and the collection of a few old hematomas was suspected in the left subdural space. An emergency removal of the right hematoma was carried out by using right single burr hole. It was found that the old hemato

Identification of mosquito-borne flavivirus sequences using universal primers and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction.

A reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) protocol for the rapid detection and identification of flaviviruses was developed using a set of universal oligonucleotide primers. These primers correspond to sequences in the 3' non-coding region and in the NS5 gene which are highly conserved among the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The sequences of the resulting amplified products were analysed for dengue 1, dengue 2, dengue 3, dengue 4, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever and Zika viruses, and compared with the published sequences of other flaviviruses. The 291-297 nucleot…

[Vaccinations of children allergic to eggs with vaccine prepared with egg].

BACKGROUND: The mumps, influenza, yellow fever and measles vaccines are grown in chick-embryos. Because allergic reactions to these vaccines have occasionally been reported in children who have suffered anaphylaxis from egg ingestion, it has been claimed that these children should not receive such vaccines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 17 egg-allergic children aged 1 year 1 month to 7 years 10 months (mean 2 years 4 months) were studied. All had developed an allergic reaction less than one hour after egg ingestion. Allergy was confirmed by skin testing (prick skin test) and detection of IgE antibodi…

Gene mapping and positive identification of the non-structural proteins NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4B and NS5 of the flavivirus Kunjin and their cleavage sites.

Partial N-terminal amino acid analyses of five radiolabelled non-structural (ns) proteins specified by Kunjin (KUN) virus provided positive identification of NS3, NS5 and three previously hypothetical ns proteins of flaviviruses, ns2a, ns2b and ns4b. Their correct gene order was obtained from their deduced amino acid sequences. Thus the gene order for KUN virus relative to that proposed for yellow fever (YF) virus was as follows: KUN 5'...GP44.P19.P10.P71.(?).P21.P98-3', YF 5'...NS1.ns2a.ns2b.NS3.ns4a.ns4b.NS5 -3'. The identity of GP44 as NS1 was assumed from the known nucleotide and deduced a…

Clinical considerations in the diagnosis of antimicrobial agent-associated gastroenteritis.

Most gastrointestinal infections secondary to the use of antimicrobial agents that have been documented are related to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile which produces a spectrum from severe pseudomembranous colitis to mild diarrhea or asymptomatic carriage. The most common inducers of pseudomembranous colitis or antimicrobial agent-associated diarrhea are ampicillin, clindamycin, and various cephalosporins, but almost all antimicrobials may cause this problem. Symptoms vary from watery to bloody diarrhea; the extent and severity of the diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps and the incidence

[Flavivirus: serological survey in horses from the Tandil area].

Sera from 282 equines from Tandil country and surroundings were investigated searching for hemagglutination inhibition (HI), Complement fixation (CF), and Neutralizing (NT) antibodies against three flavivirus:Ilheus, St. Louis Encephalitis, and Yellow Fever from the Togaviridae family. Sera were collected between 3-20-79 and 11-25-80 from 10 different places in Tandil and Ayacucho countries. Animals ranged from 45 days to 27 years old. Forty nine of them reacted with one or more flavivirus by HI and/or CF tes representing a prevalence of 17.4% for this antigenic complex. Twenty four of them ne…

CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity protects from VSV-SUD lethal challenge in a mouse model of Sudan virus infection.

Recurring outbreaks of filoviruses, including Ebola virus and Sudan virus, threaten to cause large epidemics. No treatment or vaccine is available for Sudan virus and how protective immunity is achieved remains unknown. To unravel mechanisms contributing to protection, we used a surrogate mouse model of Sudan virus infection amenable to deep functional analysis. Mice vaccinated with a live viral vector based on live-attenuated YF17D expressing Sudan virus glycoprotein were protected against lethal challenge with a surrogate virus, a chimeric recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Su

Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in México.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti, the 'yellow fever mosquito', is the primary vector to humans of dengue and yellow fever flaviviruses (DENV, YFV), and is a known vector of the chikungunya alphavirus (CV). Because vaccines are not yet available for DENV or CV or are inadequately distributed in developing countries (YFV), management of Ae. aegypti remains the primary option to prevent and control outbreaks of the diseases caused by these arboviruses. Permethrin is one of the most widely used active ingredients in insecticides for suppression of adult Ae. aegypti. In 2007, we documented a replacement m…

Molecular evidence and diversity of the spotted-fever group Rickettsia spp. in small mammals from natural, suburban and urban areas of Eastern Slovakia.

Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group are considered as emerging pathogens; ticks, fleas and mites are known to be their vectors. However, the prevalence and species diversity of rickettsiae in small mammals and the role of these hosts in the circulation of bacteria are much less studied. During 2014-2016, a total of 250 small mammals (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus uralensis, Myodes glareolus, Crocidura leucodon, Crocidura suaveolens, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus subterraneus, Neomys fodiens and Sorex minutus) were captured in natural, suburban and urban ha

OpenRecombinHunt: Automatic detection of recombination in publicly available viral sequences.

Zoonotic transmission and viral spillover events pose severe threats to public health, as underscored by recent pandemics. Mitigating these … openly-accessible datasets for SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) A/B, Monkeypox, Zika, Yellow Fever, and hemagglutinin segments of H5N1 Influenza A, reporting interesting recombination patterns. OpenRecombinHunt monthly updates ensure continuous monitoring, providing temporal snapshots of viral genomes with potential mosaic structure. Our method a …