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Eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of African penguins maintained at an aquarium.

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a flock of African penguins. Diagnosis was based on history and clinical signs and confirmed via serologic testing, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and histologic examination. Clinical signs in penguins included anorexia, behavior changes, depression, regurgitation, ataxia, recumbency, and seizures, and some penguins did not have any clinical signs. Mean +/- SD number of days that affected penguins had clinical signs was 12 +/- 5 days. Abnormalities initially detected on CBC included heterophili

Neurological syndromes among horses in The Netherlands. A 5 year retrospective survey (1999-2004).

The presence of toxins or infectious agents combined with environmental factors in combination with a susceptible host can be the cause for neurological disease in groups of horses. During a 5 year observational period outbreaks of neurological diseases among horses were evaluated. Causes of occurring neurological diseases were equine botulism, lolitrem intoxications, equine herpesvirus type 1-associated myelo(encephalo)pathy, and encephalitis caused by (disseminated) Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infection. This article focuses on the first three syndromes because of their predominant in

Comparative neurovirulence of attenuated and non-attenuated strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in mice.

A candidate live-attenuated virus vaccine for protection against Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) (designated V3526) was tested in mice to measure the magnitude, duration, and kinetics of virus replication in the blood and the central nervous system and its phenotypic stability after multiple passages in mice and cell culture. All results were compared to parallel experiments with parental virus and the existing VEE virus vaccine, TC-83. Maximum virus titers in the brains of V3526-inoculated mice were between 10- and 100-fold less than those observed in brains of mice inoculated intracrani

Candidate vaccine against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A derived from a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vector system.

A candidate vaccine against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) was developed by using a Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus replicon vector. This vaccine vector is composed of a self-replicating RNA containing all of the VEE nonstructural genes and cis-acting elements and also a heterologous immunogen gene placed downstream of the subgenomic 26S promoter in place of the viral structural genes. In this study, the nontoxic 50-kDa carboxy-terminal fragment (H(C)) of the BoNT/A heavy chain was cloned into the replicon vector (H(C)-replicon). Cotransfection of BHK cells in vitro with t

Machine learning and multi-omics integration identifies immunological predictors and mechanistic insights in autoimmune encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an interpretable prognostic prediction model for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) using immunological indicators and to in … we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to assess its safety as a potential therapeutic target candidate. RESULTS: Six key immunological indicators were identified for model construction: cerebrospinal fluid /serum IgG q …

Preventing MALT1-mediated CYLD cleavage induces intestinal dysbiosis and reduces EAE severity.

The paracaspase MALT1 is essential for lymphocyte activation and also plays roles in non-immune cells and cancer. Its protease activity regulates immune signaling by cleaving specific substrates, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, broad inhibition of MALT1 protease activity causes multiorgan inflammation in mice, highlighting the need to understand the effects of individual substrate cleavage. We generated CYLD(R321A) knock-in mice expressing a MALT1-resistant form of the deubiquitinase CYLD. These mice are healthy, with normal lymphocyte development and preserved immune signal

Structural insights into VLDLR recognition by western equine encephalitis virus.

Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), a group of encephalitic alphaviruses that cause severe diseases in humans and equids, historically used the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) as a receptor during infection. However, current epidemic strains no longer use VLDLR as a receptor. In this study, we identify that LA1, LA2, LA3, and LA5 of VLDLR can directly interact with WEEV. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we investigate the structures of complexes formed between WEEV and VLDLR-LBD or other VLDLR fragments. Our findings show that LA1 and LA2 insert into a cleft formed by two ad

Проектирование и синтез MBP-Fc-Bi-функционального пептида ингибитора для улучшения в Vivo полжизни и эффективности.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное заболевание, при котором миелиновые ножки, окружающие нейроны, дегенерируют, что приводит к физическим и когнитивным расстройствам у пациентов. Несмотря на то, что текущее лечение показало свою эффективность в снижении симптомов и лечении MS, было также установлено, что оно подавляет общую иммунную систему. Таким образом, обработанные пациенты подвержены оппортунистическим инфекциям. Бифункциональные пептидные ингибиторы (ВПИ) были разработаны таким образом, чтобы выборочно нацеливаться на Т клетки против белков милин, чтобы стимулировать толерогенную

Расширенный полиглутамин в ATAXIN1 приводит к потере функции, которая усугубляет остроту множественного склероза в модели мыши EAE.

Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) — белок, в котором расширение его полиглутаминового тракта вызывает нервно-дегенеративное расстройство спинномозговой системы 1 (SCA1) в результате повышения функциональности. Недавно было продемонстрировано, что АТXN1 дикая порода играет защитную роль в регулировании жесткости экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) — хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя модели мыши для мультиклероза (MS). В этом исследовании дополнительно изучается роль ATXN1 с расширенным полиглутаминым трактом в контексте MS с использованием модели мыши EAE.МЕТОДЫ: Гемизигиозные мыши Atxn1 (Atxn12Q

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) is a protein in which expansion of its polyglutamine tract causes the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) via a gain-of-function. Wild type ATXN1 was recently shown to have a protective role in regulating severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established mou…

Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis: Early and Central Mediators of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration and Attractive Targets for Molecular Imaging and Site-Directed Therapy.

Platelets are clearly central to thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, more recently, evidence has emerged for non-hemostatic roles of pla … associated with all MS forms and stages. Investigations based on the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model first revealed a contribution to EAE pathogenesis by exacerbation of CNS inflammation and an early role for platelets in EAE development via platelet-neuron and platelet-astrocyte associations, through sialated gangliosides in lipid r …

Longitudinal Imaging of T Cells and Inflammatory Demyelination in a Preclinical Model of Multiple Sclerosis Using 18F-FAraG PET and MRI.

Lymphocytes and innate immune cells are key drivers of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are the main target of MS disease-modifying therapies (DM … types. Methods: We used a novel MS mouse model that combines cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to reproducibly induce 2 brain inflammatory lesion types, differentiated by their T cell content. 18F-FAraG PET imaging, T2-weighted MRI, and T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI were performed before disease induction, during demyelination with high l …

COVID-19 associated with encephalomyeloradiculitis and positive anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies: Cause or coincidence?

Neurologic complications are being recognized as important outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pathogenesis is varied and incompletely understood, and may include neuroinvasion, indirect post-infectious neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular pathologies. We present a case of COVID-19-related encephalomyeloradiculitis with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders that was associated with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies. Our case suggests post-infectious autoimmunity as a mechanism in at least a subset of patients with COVID-19-r

Peripheral Inflammation and Demyelinating Diseases.

In recent decades, several neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to be exacerbated by systemic inflammatory processes. There is a wide range of literature that demonstrates a clear but complex relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immunological system, both under naïve or pathological conditions. In diseased brains, peripheral inflammation can transform "primed" microglia into an "active" state, which can trigger stronger pathological responses. Demyelinating diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by inflammatory lesions associated with de

How to Assess Data Availability, Accessibility and Format for Risk Analysis?

Risk assessments are mostly carried out based on available data, which do not reflect all data theoretically required by experts to answer them. This study aimed at developing a methodology to assess data availability, accessibility and format, based on a scoring system and focusing on two diseases: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), still exotic to Europe, and alveolar echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (EM), endemic in several Member States (MSs). After reviewing 36 opinions of the EFSA-AHAW Panel on risk assessment of animal health questions, a generic list of nee…