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Event-based surveillance in Republic of Korea: assessment of the effectiveness of Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources.

In 2023, Republic of Korea's Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) enhanced its event-based surveillance practices by using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) to actively screen and share information about potential public health threats to the country. This report describes the preliminary assessment of the results of implementing these enhanced event-based surveillance activities from June to October 2023. During this period, 425 (0.4%) events were detected globally by the KDCA from 99 945 media articles, with the highest frequen

Effective Model of Emerging Disease Prevention and Control in a High-Epidemic Area, Chiang Rai Province.

A concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted to examine the factors influencing COVID-19 prevention and control behaviors and to describe the management model implemented in Mae Sai District, a Thai-Myanmar border community, from June 2022 to May 2023. Mae Sai reported 21,890 confirmed cases and 12 deaths during the pandemic, underscoring the severity of the outbreak and the need for an effective local management model. Quantitative results indicated that attitudes, social support, participation, and service accessibility significantly influenced preventive behaviors among the general public

THE ROLE OF DIGESTIVE MANIFESTATIONS IN COVID-19 MORTALITY: EVIDENCES FROM BRAZIL'S FIRST EPIDEMIC WAVE.

CONTEXT: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is primarily characteri-zed by respiratory symptoms but also significantly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver. Emerging evidence suggests that GI and hepatic manifestations may influence disease severity and outcomes. In Brazil, where disparities between public and private healthcare systems are pronounced, understanding these associations is crucial for optimizing patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognostic implications of digestive and hepatic injuries in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE: To a

Salinomycin inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a re-emerging pathogen that causes severe economic losses in the pig industry. Commercial PEDV vaccines provide limited protection against PEDV virulent strains. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines and antiviral drugs is urgently required. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Salinomycin (SLM) against PEDV infection in vitro. First, the half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SLM were measured by a cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and cytopathic effect (CPE). The results sh

Insights and progress on epidemic characteristics, pathogenesis, and preventive measures of African swine fever virus: A review.

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only giant double-stranded DNA virus known to be transmitted by insect vectors. It can infect pigs and cause clinical signs such as high fever, bleeding, and splenomegaly, which has been classified as a reportable disease by the WOAH. In 2018, African swine fever (ASF) was introduced into China and rapidly spread to several countries in the Asia-Pacific region, with morbidity and mortality rates reaching 100 percent, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. Because ASFV has large genomes and a complex escape host mechanism

A global snapshot of the silent brain injury epidemic: A descriptive observational study of concussion coverage on YouTube.

BACKGROUND: Concussion is a prevalent form of traumatic brain injury worldwide with significant health consequences and far-reaching implications. Concussion protocols have been revised in recent years to protect athletes in increasing concussion reduction and timely treatment. Campaigns, news reports and mass media have also depicted coverage of concussions over the past decade especially in light of more athletes coming forward with long-term repercussions following repeated concussions. METHODS: Previously, published studies have examined content pertaining to concussions across different

The Emerging Epidemic of Early-Onset Cancer: Global Patterns, Biological Complexity, and Urgent Calls for Action.

Cancer is often considered a disease of older adults, yet in recent decades an increasing number of people under the age of 50 have been diagnosed with cancer worldwide. According to global data, the most common early-onset cancers include breast, tracheal/bronchus/lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers, followed by thyroid, pancreas, and liver malignancies. These cancers often behave more aggressively than those diagnosed later in life and contribute substantially to premature mortality and disability. Researchers believe that this trend is driven less by hereditary syndromes and more by cumul

Changes in the epidemic patterns of respiratory pathogens of children in guangzhou, China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric respiratory pathogens in Guangzhou, China, from 2018 to 2023 in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the transmission dynamics and seasonal patterns of respiratory pathogens. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 2018 and December 2023. Pediatric patients who underwent the respiratory pathogens tests were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups by age: Infant gro

Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus Alone and in Combination with Prednisolone for Treating Subepithelial Infiltrates in Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a common viral ocular infection that can lead to persistent subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs), resulting in significant visual impairment and patient discomfort, necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond corticosteroid monotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical tacrolimus (0.1%) ointment alone versus its combination with prednisolone (1%) drops to provide optimal therapeutic strategies for SEIs secondary to EKC. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluates 102 eyes of ninety-five individuals. The patien

Analysis and forecast of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic trends in Guangzhou, China, 2013-2023.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily affects children under the age of five and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. This study examines HFMD incidence trends across various gender and age demographics in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2023, providing a comprehensive overview to inform future prevention and management strategies. Utilizing epidemiological data from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System, we employed Joinpoint regression modeling to assess variations in incidence rates among different demographic cohorts and developed a

Evaluation of nurses' perception of monkeypox in terms of epidemic anxiety, stress levels and compliance with isolation measures.

BACKGROUNDS: Understanding how nurses perceive anxiety and stress during an epidemic is essential for curbing the spread of disease and implementing effective public health strategies. This study aims to evaluate the levels of epidemic anxiety, perceived stress, and compliance with isolation measures among nurses working in Turkey in relation to monkeypox. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 335 nurses employed at a hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews between September 15 and November 30, 2024, using a stru

Assessing mpox epidemic readiness status in ECOWAS region: strengths, gaps, and recommendations for an improved response.

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) has re-emerged as a significant public health threat in West Africa, creating new challenges for regional and national health systems. Drawing from past outbreaks, the West African Health Organization (WAHO) has been proactive in enhancing public health preparedness, aligned with WHO recommendations. This study aims to assess the readiness of the ECOWAS region to manage the ongoing mpox outbreak, focusing on critical areas of national epidemic preparedness and response. A survey using the WHO mpox-epidemic readiness checklist tool was conducted in 14 ECOWAS M

Задействование эпидемии для создания потенциала для клинических исследований вакцин в условиях низкой ресурсной базы: опыт Уганды.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Пандемии становятся все более частыми. Во всем мире в период с 1970 по 2016 год было зарегистрировано в общей сложности более 1770 вспышек 38 известных заболеваний и две неизвестные причины. Вакцины являются одной из ключевых медицинских мер по борьбе с большинством этих вспышек, однако большинство из них разрабатываются и проверяются за пределами Африки к югу от Сахары. Африка недостаточно представлена в клинических испытаниях вакцин. Это объясняется недостаточной заметностью существующих объектов, ограниченной инфраструктурой и непредсказуемыми сроками регулирования, а

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Pandemics have increasingly become more frequent. Globally, between 1970 and 2016, a total of over 1770 disease outbreaks of 38 … ation with ethical and regulatory bodies. CONCLUSION: African institutions could capitalise on the epidemics and the accompanying responses to build capacity for vaccine trials and position themselves to take part in global vaccine trials.

Forecasting the spatial spread of an Ebola epidemic in real time: Comparing predictions of mathematical models and experts.

BACKGROUND: Ebola virus disease outbreaks can often be controlled, but require rapid response efforts frequently with profound operational complexities. Mathematical models can be used to support response planning, but it is unclear if models improve the prior understanding of experts. METHODS: We performed repeated surveys of Ebola response experts during an outbreak. From each expert, we elicited the probability of cases exceeding four thresholds between 2 and 20 cases in a set of small geographical areas in the following calendar month. We compared the predictive performance of these forec

Dengue in the Anthropocene: intersections of environmental change, disease epidemic, management and current challenges in global health.

Dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease, has experienced a tenfold increase in incidence over the past two decades, posing a significant global public health challenge. In 2023, more than five million cases and over 5000 dengue-related deaths were recorded, with exceeding numbers in 2024. This narrative review provides a comprehensive summary of the current epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, prevention and management strategies for dengue fever, with a particular focus on the influence of climate changes and human activities on the spread of this vector-

[Occurrence Characteristics and Annual Epidemic Pattern of Typical Diarrhea Viruses in Municipal Wastewater in Tianjin, China].

To elucidate the characteristics and annual epidemic patterns of diarrheal viruses in municipal wastewater, this study conducted a comprehensive year-long investigation utilizing two sizeable municipal wastewater treatment plants in Tianjin. This study applied the electronegatively charged membranes and polyethylene glycol sodium chloride （PEG-NaCl） methods to concentrate viral particles efficiently. A real-time quantitative PCR method was employed to detect common diarrheal viruses within wastewater, specifically targeting Norovirus GI, GII, Rotavirus （RoV）, Astrovirus （HAstV）, Sapovirus （SaV

Study of the influence of population immunity to tick-borne encephalitis virus on the characteristics of the epidemic process in Russia.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant public health challenge in Russia. Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to control TBE. The aim of our study was to assess the state of anti-TBE virus population immunity, including artificial post-vaccine and natural post-infection immunity, in the context of characteristics of the epidemic process in Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from 2018 to 2020, we studied 28,395 conditionally healthy volunteers from various regions of Russia, without age and gender restrictions. Blood serum samples were tested for

Clinical characteristics of cases during the 2024 pertussis epidemic in France, January 2024 to December 2024.

The French national surveillance of pertussis consists of several units, including general practitioners (GPs). Here, we report on the clinical characteristics of cases from January to December 2024 from primary care surveillance in France. During this period, a total of 689 pertussis cases were reported by GPs participating in the surveillance. The national incidence rate in general practice was estimated to be 244 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95 % CI: 224-264). Sixty-one per cent of cases were female and 86 % had received at least one dose of pertussis vaccine. Among cases vaccinated with

Unusually high prevalence of cervical ribs in an 18th-Century Hungarian town: The impact of a tuberculosis epidemic.

Tuberculosis (TB) ravaged the Hungarian town of Vác in the 18th century. Nearly all of the young and middle-aged adults buried in the Dominican Church were infected with TB. Therefore, most women were likely infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during pregnancy. In rodents, disruptions in early gestation, when the head-to-tail patterning of the embryo occurs, often result in an increased incidence of cervical ribs. Because TB severely disrupts pregnancy, we hypothesized that these disruptions would result in an increased number of cervical ribs in Vác residents. We examined 58 skelet

Comparative study of Bayesian and frequentist methods for epidemic forecasting: Insights from simulated and historical data.

Accurate epidemic forecasting is critical for effective public health interventions. This study compares Bayesian and Frequentist estimation … . Bayesian methods, especially those with uniform priors, offer higher predictive accuracy early in epidemics and stronger uncertainty quantification when data are sparse or noisy. Frequentist methods often yield more accurate point forecasts with lower MAE, RMSE, and WIS, though their interval estimates are less robust. We also discuss the influence of pri …