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От генов к окружающей среде: жизненный подход к профилактике педиатрических аутоиммунных заболеваний.

Аутоиммунные заболевания у детей, включая тип 1 Все более серьезной проблемой для здоровья людей во всем мире являются диабет, болезни селиака и детский артрит. Этот всплеск, слишком быстрый для того, чтобы его можно было объяснить только генетическими изменениями, подчеркивает важнейшую роль экологических факторов и подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость принятия активных превентивных мер. Этот обзор представляет собой комплексную, основанную на фактических данных основу для профилактики педиатрических аутоиммунных заболеваний по всему спектру услуг, начиная с первичной и заканчивая третичн

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… Enthesitis-related arthritis; ANA: Antinuclear antibodies; RF: Rheumatoid factor; CCP: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; UC: Ulcerative colitis; NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2; CARD15: Caspase recruitment domain family member 15; ATG16 L1: Autophagy-related 16-like 1; ASCA: Anti-saccharomyces … Enthesitis-related arthritis; ANA: Antinuclear antibodies; RF: Rheumatoid factor; CCP: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; UC: Ulcerative colitis; NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2; CARD15: Caspase recruitment domain family member 15; ATG16 L1: Autophagy-related 16-like 1; ASCA: Anti-saccharomyces …

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Health and Disease.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of evolutionarily conserved, unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes that are restricted by major histocompatibility complex Class I-related (MR1) molecules. They can be activated either in a T-cell receptor-MR1- or cytokine-dependent manner. Activated MAIT cells play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and the fine regulation of the immune system. This review presents a systematic exploration of the development, biological characteristics, and multiple effects of MAIT cells in health and various diseases. In healthy individual

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… Abbreviations : Mtb , Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; S. aureus , Staphylococcus aureus ; M. abscessus , Mycobacterium abscessus ; L. longbeachae , Legionella longbeachae ; H. pylori , Helicobacter pylori ; V. cholerae , Vibrio cholerae ; C. albicans , Candida albicans ; S. cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae … Saccharomyces Cerevisiae As a food‐grade budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) has been used in many fields, such as fermentative foods, beverages, and biofuels, as well as in the fermentation industry and as a model organism in the laboratory [ 95 ]. …

Targeting homologous recombination and telomerase in Barrett's adenocarcinoma: impact on telomere maintenance, genomic instability and tumor growth.

Homologous recombination (HR), a mechanism to accurately repair DNA in normal cells, is deregulated in cancer. Elevated/deregulated HR is implicated in genomic instability and telomere maintenance, which are critical lifelines of cancer cells. We have previously shown that HR activity is elevated and significantly contributes to genomic instability in Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (BAC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic potential of HR inhibition, alone and in combination with telomerase inhibition, in BAC. We demonstrate that telomerase inhibition in BAC cells incre

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… Oncogene 2002 21 598 610 11850785 10.1038/sj.onc.1205058 51 Morrish TA Greider CW Short telomeres initiate telomere recombination in primary and tumor cells PLoS Genet 2009 5 e1000357 19180191 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000357 PMC2627939 52 AS IJ Greider CW Short telomeres induce a DNA damage response in Saccharomyces …

Molecular Diversity of Lupane Hybrids in Drug Design and Materials Science.

The need for new, more effective drugs to treat cancer, infectious diseases, various parasitic infestations, and metabolic disorders requires innovative approaches to the design of promising molecules. One of these areas is the creation of hybrid structures. Lupane triterpenoids are of significant interest for such research due to their high abundance in natural sources and their renewable nature, their molecular architecture, presence of several easily modifiable functional groups, enantiomeric purity, broad spectrum of biological activity, and low toxicity. Active research into the biologica

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… Biotechnological production methods for BA have also been established, utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 12 ]. There are two primary methods for constructing lupane hybrids. … Fermentation and purification strategies for the production of betulinic acid and its lupane-type precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114:2528–2538. doi: 10.1002/bit.26377. 13. Decker M. …

Processes and therapeutic perspectives of acylation modifications of lysine and cysteine in tumors.

Acylation modification plays a crucial role in tumor progression through altering protein homeostasis and localization. However, a comprehensive summary of these processes is lacking. Protein acylation modifications are comprehensively summarized and categorized based on the amino acids that are modified. This review focuses on modifications of the lysine (acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, malonylation, and glutarylation) and cysteine (myristoylation and palmitoylation) groups. The key enzymes involved in the occurrence and erasure of different modifications, as well as their effects

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… Succinylation occurs in many organisms, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , human cells, and mouse liver tissue [ 47 , 48 ]. The succinylation profile is markedly heterogeneous across different subcellular locales. … Malonylation is widely distributed across diverse organisms, ranging from prokaryotes, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to mammalian cells and tissues [ 186 ]. The subcellular localization reveals distinct compartmentalization of malonylation. …

Кристальная структура и каталитический механизм дрименоловой синтазы, необычная двухфункциональная терпеновая киклаза-фосфатаза.

Дрименол синтаза из Aquimarina pongiae (ASDMS) — очень необычная химера, интегрирующая two - отдельные, последовательные операции по переработке изопреноидов в рамках единой полипептидной цепи. ASDMS катализирует циклизацию фарнесилового дифосфата (FPP) класса II для образования дрименилового дифосфата, который затем подвергается гидролизу энзим-катализу для получения дрименинола, биоактивного сескитерпенового спирта с антифунгальными и антираковыми свойствами. Здесь мы сообщаем рентгеновские кристаллы ASDMS и его комплекс с сескитерпен тиол. Структура ASDMS имеет дидомаиновую архитектуру, сос

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… Kuznetsova E., et al. , Functional diversity of haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Biochemical, structural, and evolutionary insights. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 18678–18698 (2015). 49. …

Перенос Митохондрии для ремонта миелина.

Обезвоживание является общей характеристикой нейро-воспалительных и дегенеративных заболеваний центральной нервной системы (КНС), таких, как множественный склероз (МС). Часто это связано с нарушениями межклеточной связи, биоэнергетики и метаболического баланса в сочетании с митохондриальной дисфункцией в таких клетках, как олигодендроциты, нейроны, астроциты и микроглиа. Несмотря на то, что нынешние методы лечения MS сосредоточены на иммуномодуляции, они не могут остановить или обратить вспять прогресс демиэлизации. Последние достижения подчеркивают межклеточный митохондриальный обмен в качест

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… markers (such as CD63, Annexin A1 or A2, Alix, TSG101) are not expressed by MDVs. 39 They are formed from mitochondrial membranes in response to stress signals such as nutrient deprivation, toxins, or oxidative stress. 40 Interestingly it is reported that MDVs isolated from EVs released by Saccharomyces …

The crosstalk network of non-coding RNAs: Emerging opportunities for the clinical application of osteoporosis.

Current methods for testing bone density lack the capability to detect patients with early bone loss, and existing osteoporosis therapies have limitations in their efficacy and safety. Therefore, the development of more precise and convenient diagnostic technologies and novel treatments is of paramount importance. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interaction networks enable both the detection of early bone loss and targeted therapy for enhanced treatment outcomes. In this review, we highlight the utility of EVs for carrying various ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, and c

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… One study found that the biogenesis of snoRNAs is tightly coupled with the transcription process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The assembly factor Naf1p and the core proteins Cbf5p and Nhp2p are recruited to chromatin during the early transcription stage in a Ctk1p-dependent manner. …

Адаптация эукариот-подобных PRS к прокариот-подобным tRNAPro.

Синтеты Проли-ТРНА (ПРОРС) уникальны среди аминоачил-тРНК (ААРС) two различные структурные архитектуры различных организмов: прокариота-подобные (П-тип) и эукариоте/археон-подобные (Е-тип). Интересно, что Бакиллус Тюрингьенси гавань обоих типов, сосуществует P-тип (BtProRS1) и E-тип PRS (BtProRS2). Несмотря на свои различия, оба фермента формально выражаются и функционируют в vivo. По аналогии с BtProRS1, BtPRS2 выборочно заряжает TRNAPro типа P и демонстрирует более высокий допуск к галоугинону, чем каноническая PRS. Однако эти two Изозимы признают основные идентификационные элементы типа P t

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… A simple and efficient method for direct gene deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993; 21:3329–3330. 27. Luo S., Yan L., Zhang X., Yuan L., Fang Q., Zhang Y.A., Dai H.. …

RNA метилтрансферазы METTL8 устанавливает m3C32 в митохондриальном tRNASThr/Ser (UCN) для оптимизации структуры trNA и митохондриального перевода.

Модифицированные нуклеотиды в tRNA являются важными определяющими факторами сворачивания, структуры и функции. Здесь мы идентифицируем METTL8 как митохондриальный белок и активный РНК метилтрансферазы, ответственный за установку m3C32 в митохондриале человека (mt-)tRNAThr и mt-tRNAser (UCN). METTL8 имеет перекрестные связи с антикодоновой стволовой петлей (ASL) многих мт-тРНК в клетках, в связи с чем возникает вопрос о том, каким образом достигается целевая специфичность метилирования. Расчленение элементов распознавания mt-tRNA выявило наличие U34G35 и t6A37/(ms2)i6A37, которые одновременно п

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… In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae ), the m 3 C methyltransferase Trm140 mediates modification of both cytoplasmic tRNA Thr/Ser whereas in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe ) two alternative enzymes, Trm140 and Trm141, install m 3 C 32 modifications in cytoplasmic tRNAs Thr and tRNAs Ser respectively …

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.

Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTI

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… 2001 | Urate hydroxylase Rasburicase (Elitek ® ; Fasturtec ® ) | Management of plasma uric acid levels during anticancer therapy In clinical trials for: Other types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma and tumor lysis syndrome | Recombinant urate-oxidase enzyme produced by a genetically modified Saccharomyces …

Премии победителей и резюме 32nd Ежегодный симпозиум Общества протеинов; Бостон, ОЭТ, июль 9-12, 2018.

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… Only Hsp104 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the few bacterial orthologues ClpBs were studied in more depth. Thus, the spectrum of Hsp104 molecular architecture, and the extent of protein folding and remodeling activities enabled by it, is inadequately examined. …

Metabolic reprogramming in T cell senescence: a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

The complex interplay between cancer progression and immune senescence is critically influenced by metabolic reprogramming in T cells. As T cells age, especially within the tumor microenvironment, they undergo significant metabolic shifts that may hinder their proliferation and functionality. This manuscript reviews how metabolic alterations contribute to T cell senescence in cancer and discusses potential therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing these metabolic changes. We explore interventions such as mitochondrial enhancement, glycolytic inhibition, and lipid metabolism adjustments that co

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… The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev. 1999;13:2570–80. 35. Tissenbaum HA, Guarente L. Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans . Nature. 2001;410:227–30. 36. …

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

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… It emphasizes that probiotics like Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum , and Saccharomyces boulardii have been investigated for their potential to enhance hematopoiesis, decrease inflammation, and improve overall patient outcomes. …

Histone deacetylase in inflammatory bowel disease: novel insights.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammation. Despite considerable efforts, IBD remains a heavy burden on society and human health, with increasing morbidity. Posttranslational modification, especially histone acetylation, is a key process in controlling DNA transcriptional activity. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a vital role in the mechanism of IBD pathogenesis through histone and nonhistone protein deacetylation. Herein, we present a summary of different categories of HDACs as well as H

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… Lactic acid-producing probiotic saccharomyces cerevisiae attenuates ulcerative colitis via suppressing macrophage pyroptosis and modulating gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 777665. 96. Elfiky AMI, Ghiboub M, Li Yim AYF, et al. …

Resveratrol from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Assessment of Potential.

Resveratrol (RVT) is a well known phyto-chemical and is widely used in dietary supplements and botanical products. It shows a wide range of pharmacological/beneficial effects. Therefore, it can be a potential candidate to be developed as phyto-pharmaceutical. Multiple diseases are reported to be treated by the therapeutic effect of RVT since it has antioxidant, anti-cancer activity and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has a major role in diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disorder and platelet aggregation etc. The major requirements are establishments regarding safety, efficacy profile and phys

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… Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan Nature 2003 425 191 196 10.1038/nature01960 12939617 41. Granchi C. Minutolo F. Activators of Sirtuin-1 and their Involvement in Cardioprotection Curr. Med. …

Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers.

Cancer-related diseases represent the second overall cause of death worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is mainly sexually transmitted and may lead to HPV-associated cancers in both men and women. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV-associated, however, an increasing number of head and neck cancers (HNCs), especially oropharyngeal cancer, can be linked to HPV infection. Moreover, anogenital cancers, including vaginal, vulvar, penial, and anal cancers, represent a subset of HPV-related cancers. Whereas testing and prevention of cervical cancer have significantly

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… Both Gardasil vaccines are produced in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas for Cervarix’s production the recombinant baculovirus expression system is applied 14 . The nonavalent provides additional protection against HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. …

Targeting immunosenescence for improved tumor immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy has significantly transformed the field of oncology over the past decade. An optimal tumor immunotherapy would ideally elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Unfortunately, immune system experiences functional decline with chronological age, a process termed "immunosenescence," which contributes to impaired immune responses against pathogens, suboptimal vaccination outcomes, and heightened vulnerability to various diseases, including cancer. In this context, we will elucidate hallmarks and molecular mechanisms underly

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… pathway, which could be inhibited for enhanced lifespan in yeast and flies. 75 , 76 , 77 Additionally, rapamycin was first found to have strong antifungal effects and was further recognized for inhibiting cell growth and modulating immune system. 78 , 79 Its mechanism was understood through mutants in Saccharomyces …

Targeting Autophagy Using Long Non-Coding RNAs (LncRNAs): New Landscapes in the Arena of Cancer Therapeutics.

Cancer has become a global health hazard accounting for 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Although different treatment approaches have increased patient overall survival, treatment for advanced stages still suffers from poor clinical outcomes. The ever-increasing prevalence of cancer has led to a reanalysis of cellular and molecular events in the hope to identify and develop a cure for this multigenic disease. Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved catabolic process, eliminates protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the

Associations of ficolins and mannose-binding lectin with acute myeloid leukaemia in adults.

We investigated clinical associations of ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in 157 patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Concentrations of ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MBL (before chemotherapy) in serum were determined as were selected polymorphisms of the corresponding genes (FCN1, FCN2, FCN3 and MBL2). The control group (C) consisted of 267 healthy unrelated individuals. Median level of ficolin-1 in patients was lower (p 7 days) fever (p = 0.026). Genotyping indicated an association of G/G homozygosity (corresponding to FCN1 gene - 542 G > A polymorphism) with

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… MBL concentrations were determined by ELISA, using mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as coating antigen and murine anti-human MBL mAbs (HYB131-1, BioPorto Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark) 68 . …