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Primate-specific regulation of the human glycosphingolipid gatekeeper UGCG.

Glycosphingolipids are essential membrane components that organize lipid microdomains and orchestrate cellular signalling, differentiation a … nal states at 2.9-3.4 Å resolution. UGCG adopts a previously unrecognized triple-pass transmembrane architecture that anchors a GT-A core at the membrane interface and creates a bipartite active site engaging soluble and membrane-embedded substrates. Contrary to canonical GT-A enzymes, UGCG uses a metal-independent catalytic mechanism driven by an arginine net …

Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Driven Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Model of Renal Vasculature for Surgical Planning in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND: This single-centre study aimed to implement and internally validate a deep learning pipeline based on a 3D SegResNet architecture for automatic segmentation of renal vascular structures from contrast-enhanced CT images, enabling accurate three-dimensional reconstructions to support surgical planning in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Ninety-seven CT scans from patients with renal masses treated between January 2019 and September 2025 were included, with 68 used for training and 29 held out as an independent test set, never seen by the model during training. Imaging da…

Multi-Layer Transcriptomic Comparison Across Human, Pig, and Mouse Informs Tissue- and Trait-Specific Animal Model Selection.

Animal models are fundamental to biomedical research, yet the relative suitability of pigs and mice remains unclear across tissues, regulatory layers, and phenotype domains. Here, we assembled a large-scale, tissue-matched transcriptomic resource comprising more than 16 000 RNA-seq samples from 15 corresponding human, pig, and mouse tissues, and established a unified framework integrating global co-expression conservation, co-expression network architecture, tissue-specific programs, 3D genome architecture, and human complex-trait genetics. Using 14 910 one-to-one orthologous genes, we found t…

Quantitative and unbiased lung alveolar septum assessment in an LPS experimental mouse model using 2D-spatial correlation image analysis from hematoxylin and eosin slides.

Introduction: Quantitative assessment of lung tissue architecture is essential for evaluating disease progression in experimental models of acute lung injury (ALI). However, conventional methods for measuring alveolar septum thickness rely on manual procedures that are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and, observer-dependent, compromises comparability across studies and reproducibility in translational biomedical research and drug development.Method: We present a novel, fully automated approach based on two-dimensional spatial autocorrelation function (2D-ACF) analysis to quantify septum thick…

Structural and functional characterization of VapBC52 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes a huge repertoire of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, many of which remain uncharacterized. Here, we report the crystal structures of the VapC52 toxin and VapBC52 TA complex at a resolution of 2.6 and 3.2 Å, respectively. We show that VapC52 adopts a unique open dimeric conformation and inhibits mycobacterial growth by cleaving tRNA at the variable or anticodon loop region. Structure reveals that VapB52 adopts a distinct structural architecture and binds VapC52 with a 1:2 stoichiometry, respectively. Interestingly, binding of ssDNA activates VapB52 peptida…

Therapeutic potential of alginate-stabilized silver nanoparticles encapsulating nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative mitigates inflammation and fibrosis in L-arginine induced in vivo zebrafish model of chronic pancreatitis.

Pancreatic fibrosis results from chronic pancreatitis, a critical pathological hallmark of pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. This r … ere damage and reduced pancreatic function. However, AG + IB treatment markedly restored pancreatic architecture by decreased collagen deposition, normalized blood glucose level, and reversed oxidative stress. Additionally, restoring pancreatic architecture and alleviating oxidative stress normalized exocrine enzyme levels. Molecular analyse showed AG + IB dow …

Attention control ability is associated with frontoparietal control network interactions.

Attention control predicts academic achievement, professional success, and health outcomes. However, the neural basis of stable, individual … ing that attentional capacity is reflected in both task-evoked reconfiguration and baseline network architecture. These findings reveal how attention control, as an ability, is instantiated in the brain's dynamic architecture.

Role of endothelial Dlc1 in embryonic vascular development and adult bone marrow hematopoiesis.

Bone marrow endothelial cells (ECs) form specialized vascular niches that support hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), yet the molecular regulators of this function remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify the Rho GTPase-activating protein Dlc1 as an essential regulator of developmental vasculogenesis, and adult bone marrow vascular niche integrity. Endothelial-specific deletion of Dlc1 caused embryonic lethality with severe vascular defects. In adult mice, inducible EC-specific Dlc1 deletion disrupted the bone marrow vascular architecture, associated with a significant reduct…

Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma: Toward a Better Molecular, Epigenetic, and Clinicopathological Understanding With Ontological Perspective.

This study reports 6 cases of low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (LGNPPA) reviewed by the REFCOR network, integrating clinicopathological, genetic, and epigenetic analyses to refine our understanding of its histogenesis and biological behavior. Our 6 cases were located in the nasopharynx. Histologically, 5 cases had a frank papillary architecture, whereas 1 case showed a mixed papillary and tubular architecture. Papillary and tubular structures were covered by a single layer of epithelium of nonciliated cuboidal or columnar neoplastic cells. Squamous differentiation foci were pr…

AcneFormer: A Lesion-Aware and Noise-Robust CNN-Transformer for Acne Image Classification.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for acne image classification due to their effectiveness in capturing local texture of skin lesions. However, the locality of convolution operations limits their ability to model long-range dependencies. Vision Transformer (ViT) methods address this issue to some extent but their high computational complexity and reliance on large-scale pre-training present challenges. Although CNN-Transformer architecture alleviates this conflict to some extent, acne images present task-specific challenges, including indistinct lesion boundaries, subt…

Single transcription factor SlYABBY5b synchronizes gibberellin-mediated stature and basal immunity in tomato.

Optimizing plant architecture without compromising disease resistance is a fundamental challenge in crop breeding, particularly for space-efficient systems such as vertical farming. Here, we identify the YABBY-family transcription factor SlYABBY5b as a pivotal regulator that synchronizes these traits in tomato. Through a genome-wide association study, we establish SlYABBY5b as a major locus governing natural variation in plant height. Functional analyses reveal that SlYABBY5b directly orchestrates gibberellin (GA) metabolism by activating the inactivation gene SlGA2ox2 and repressing the biosy…

Dehydrogenase WRD1 regulates plant growth by modulating cell wall formation, ROS homeostasis, and auxin signaling in rice.

Nucleotide sugars serve as the substrates for the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. Although the enzymes such as uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD) involved in nucleotide sugar biosynthesis have been biochemically characterized, their biological roles in plants remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identify a rice mutant weakness and root hair defective 1 (wrd1), which exhibits pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, reduced tiller number, and abnormal root architecture. WRD1 encodes a UGD that catalyzes the conversion of UDP-Glc to UDP-GlcA. The WRD1 muta…

The structural grammar of integration and competition in the human connectome.

INTRODUCTION: Brain function emerges from coordinated activity across anatomically connected regions, where structural connectivity (SC)-the network of white matter pathways-provides the physical substrate for functional connectivity (FC), defined as the correlated activity between brain areas. While structural and functional networks exhibit substantial overlap, their relationship involves complex, indirect mechanisms, including the dynamic interplay of direct and indirect pathways. To systematically untangle how structural architecture shapes functional patterns, this work aims to establish …

Dimorphic-root ideotype demonstrates increased rice yield in nutrient-deficient paddy fields in Madagascar.

Demand for rice (Oryza sativa L.) is rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan Africa; however, its productivity is constrained by nutrient-poor paddy soils, particularly those deficient in N and P. Improving root system architecture offers potential to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency and increase yield under such conditions. This study aimed to identify the most effective root phenotype for enhancing grain yield under the nutrient-deficient soil conditions in Madagascar. A high-yielding indica cultivar-IR64-and 12 near-isogenic and pyramiding lines carrying single or multiple quantitative trait lo…

Advances in Spatial Transcriptomics for Infectious Disease Research: Insight for Vaccine Development.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables genome-wide gene expression profiling while preserving tissue architecture, bridging the gap between bulk, single-cell, and histological analyses. Originating in 2016 and rapidly evolving since, ST has transformed infectious disease research by mapping host-pathogen interactions directly within intact tissues. Current platforms fall into two categories: sequencing-based methods (Visium, GeoMx, Stereo-seq) offering whole-transcriptome coverage at modest resolution and imaging-based platforms (Xenium, CosMx, MERFISH) providing single-cell or subcellular detai…

Protocol waists and the developmental hourglass.

Mid-stage embryos of different species often look more alike than early embryos or adults. Early and late development diverge, leading to a broad-narrow-broad hourglass pattern. I propose that mid-embryogenesis coincides with protocol waists, narrow interfaces that standardize communication between otherwise distinct processes. For example, continuous spatial geometry is translated into a morphogen gradient protocol readable by gene regulatory networks. This architecture arises because the physical space-time geometry of early development cannot directly instruct late gene regulatory programs.…

BioOps: Enabling MLOps for scalable and flexible model-centric process control in biopharmaceutical development.

The deployment of advanced modeling and machine learning in biopharmaceutical process control has been limited by legacy fragmented automati … D) pipelines. BioOps explicitly decouples model development from model execution within the control architecture. This decoupling enables process scientists to deploy, test, and iteratively refine mathematical models and control strategies in a flexible manner. These workflows can be applied across heterogeneous bioreactor platforms and are executed entirely i …

Probabilistic mapping and automated segmentation of human brainstem white matter bundles.

Brainstem white matter (WM) bundles are essential conduits for neural signals that modulate homeostasis and consciousness. Their architecture forms the anatomic basis for brainstem connectomics, subcortical circuit models, and deep brain navigation tools. However, their small size and complex morphology, compared to cerebral WM, makes mapping and segmentation challenging in neuroimaging. As a result, fundamental questions about brainstem modulation of human homeostasis and consciousness remain unanswered. We leverage diffusion MRI tractography to create BrainStem Bundle Tool (BSBT), which auto…

Тип 1 Диабет и многоразовый склероз делятся общей генной переменой автономного иммунитета.

Справочная информация/цели: тип 1 диабет (T1D) и множественный склероз (MS) являются аутоиммунными, многофакторными, специфическими для органов расстройствами, обусловленными иммунными клетками. Их соучастие отчасти объясняется общими генетическими и экологическими факторами. Мы стремились расчленить общую генетическую архитектуру между T1D и MS с использованием крупномасштабных исследований по общегеномной ассоциации (GWAS) и анализа совместной локализации. Методы: Мы применили Байесовскую систему совместной локализации к two Крупномасштабные наборы данных GWAS: исследование T1D, включающее 1

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are autoimmune, multifactorial, organ-specific disorders mediated by immune cells. Their co-occurrence has been partially attributed to shared genetics and environmental factors. We aimed to dissect the shared genetic architecture between T1D and MS using large-scale genome-wide associa…

Extracting organs of interest from medical images based on convolutional neural network with auxiliary and refined constraints.

Accurately extracting organs from medical images provides radiologist with more comprehensive evidences to clinical diagnose, which offers up a higher accuracy and efficiency. However, the key to achieving accurate segmentation lies in abundant clues for contour distinction, which has a high demand for the network architecture design and its practical training status. To this end, we design auxiliary and refined constraints to optimize the energy function by supplying additional guidance in training procedure, thus promoting model's ability to capture information. Specifically, for the auxilia…