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Eat and run: prioritization of oxygen delivery during elevated metabolic states.

The principal function of the cardiopulmonary system is the matching of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport to the metabolic requirements of … may increase following feeding due to the energy requiring processes associated with prey handling, digestion and ensuing protein synthesis. This large increase in VO2 is termed "specific dynamic action" (SDA). In reptiles, the increase in VO2 during SDA may be 3-40-fold above resting values, peaking 24-36 h following ingestion, and remaining elevated for u …

Amplification of intermediate-size DNA sequences from formalin and B-5 fixed tissue by polymerase chain reaction.

Retrospective analysis of DNA from paraffin-embedded fixed bone marrow biopsy specimens is possible if preceded by amplification of the DNA sequences of interest by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These fixed specimens yield degraded DNA that may not be suitable for direct analysis by conventional digestion and hybridization methods. This limitation is circumvented by PCR amplification and subsequent analysis of the amplified products. The model used in this study is the amplification of a 725 base-pair (bp) beta-globin gene sequence encompassing the sickle-cell anemia point mutation, fol…

NaOH-urea pretreatment of corn stover under outdoor cold conditions for enhanced biodegradability and anaerobic methane yield.

Lignocellulosic biomass, including corn stover, offers substantial potential for sustainable methane production through anaerobic digestion, yet its recalcitrant structure limits efficiency and contributes to environmental waste. This study investigated the optimization of outdoor freezing temperature NaOH-urea pretreatment to address gaps in outdoor application and resource efficiency. The objectives included evaluating the effects of storage period, NaOH-urea concentration, and solid-to-liquid ratios on substrate composition and digestion performance. The methods involved preparing NaOH-urea…

Evaluating size exclusion chromatography for nucleic acid removal in Klebsiella pneumoniae cell surface polysaccharide purification.

Cell surface-associated polysaccharides in Klebsiella are major virulence determinants and crucial targets for developing vaccines. Traditionally, the purification of these cell surface polysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae involves a multi-step process comprising phenol extraction, nuclease digestion, ultracentrifugation, and repeated ethanol extractions. In this study, we evaluated size exclusion chromatography for effectively eliminating nucleic acid contamination while purifying high molecular weight cell surface-associated polysaccharides. Post-initial extraction, the nucleic acid co…

Optimization of struvite crystallization protocol for pretreating the swine wastewater and its impact on subsequent anaerobic biodegradation of pollutants.

Higher contents of NH(4)(+) and SS in wastewater hamper the anaerobic digestion; necessitating its pretreatment to reduce them. This study reveals optimization of struvite/MAP precipitation protocol followed by anaerobic digestion of pretreated swine wastewater for pollutants removal. Levels of different treatments: stirring speeds, 400 and 160 rpm; pH values, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0 and 11.5; and P:Mg:N ratios, 1:1:1.2, 1:1:1.7, 1:1:2.2, 1:1:2.7, 1:1:4.0 and 1:1:5.0 were evaluated for MAP crystallization. Among various combinations, protocol comprising of initial 10 min stirring at 400 rpm…

Geriatric syndromes increased the nutritional risk in elderly cancer patients independently from tumour site and metastatic status. The ELCAPA-05 cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly cancer patients. METHODS: We studied a prospective cohort of solid cancer patients aged ≥70 years at referral to two geriatric oncology clinics between 2007 and 2010. Nutrition was evaluated using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) using validated cut-offs (<17: malnutrition, 17-23.5: at-risk for malnutrition). Patients with non-digestive tumours (breast, prostate, urinary tract) and with digestive (colorectal, upper digestive tract and liver) were analysed separately using multinomial logistic regres

Influence of select emulsifying salts on pepsin-mediated casein hydrolysis of acidified skim milk.

In milk, casein proteins are oriented into spherical micellar structures. During gastric digestion, casein is destabilized via the pepsin-induced cleavage of κ-casein, forming a clot that certain populations (e.g., infants, elderly) have a difficult time digesting. Emulsifying salts (ES), such as sodium citrate (SC) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), are used in some dairy products (e.g., protein-fortified beverages, infant formula) and serve several beneficial functions including protein stabilization. As an investigative study, this research aims to determine whether SC or SHMP addition (1…

The Bioactive Side of Peas: Bio-functional Potential of Pea-Derived Ingredients on Cardiovascular Health.

Legumes are important sources of high-value ingredients for the development of healthy foods. This study evaluated biological activities related to cardiovascular health -namely antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic- associated with peptides from three yellow pea–derived ingredients: flour (F), protein isolate (I), and naturally fermented flour (FF; flour/water 14.3%, w/w, 24 h, 37 °C). Ingredients were subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Soluble digests (FDd, IDd, FFDd) were recovered and further treated with cholestyramine to reduce bile salts (bioaccessib…

Oral Antacid Use Is Negatively Associated with Serum Prealbumin Levels in Japanese Individuals Undergoing Health Checkups.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between physical and chemical digestion and nutrition markers (serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), and vitamin B12 (B12) levels). METHODS: During a detailed checkup at Fujita Health University, we examined the associations of physical (occlusal force, masticatory performance, and swallowing ability (via the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool, EAT-10)) and chemical (Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication history, HP antibody levels, and oral antacid (proton pump inhibitors) use) digestion parameters with serum ALB, PAB…

New Perspectives on the Delivery of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds through Gastric Restructuring of Foods.

All foods come from living organisms in which macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides are assembled into complex hierarchical structures. Many of the nutrients and bioactive compounds are contained within these structures, from which they must be liberated and converted into an absorbable form during digestion. It has been realized that the modification of these structures during digestion plays a key role in determining the bioaccessibility and rates of absorption of bioactive compounds. The concept of "food structure design" has been applied to developing food structures to contr…

Determining the level of essential elements in patients with Ewing Sarcoma: A correlation.

BACKGROUND: Metal ion aberrant metabolism is essential for health and disease, and its research has sparked a lot of interest. This study aims to compare the critical mineral resources-magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K)-in biological materials (scalp hair, blood, and serum) of 87 Ewing Sarcoma (ES) hypertensive men and women, age range 31-60 years, in an urban area, with 62 nonhypertensive subjects from the same age range and living area. METHODS: An atomic-absorption spectrophotometer was used after microwave-induced acid digestion to determine elemental concentratio…

Impaired intestinal function is associated with lower muscle and cognitive health and well-being in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Small- and large-intestinal perturbations have been described as prevalent extracardiac systemic manifestations in congestive heart failure (CHF), but alterations in protein digestion and absorption and plasma short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and the potential link with other systemic effects (muscle and cognitive health) have not been investigated in CHF. METHODS: We analyzed protein digestion and absorption with dual stable tracer method in 14 clinically stable, noncachectic CHF outpatients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 35.5% [95% CI, 30.9%-40.1%]) and 15…

Anisakis simplex (s.l.) resistance to the action of gastric enzymes depends upon previous treatments applied to infected fish mince and affects antigen release.

BACKGROUND: Freezing is considered the most suitable technological treatment to avoid Anisakis infection from eating raw or undercooked fish but modifications of their cuticles upon freezing may reduce their resistance to gastric fluids, provoking a greater release of allergens. This work aimed to study the relationship between freezing-induced modifications of Anisakis simplex s.l., antigen recognition, and resistance to oral and gastric digestion in spiked fish mince. RESULTS: (i) Differences between non-treated larvae and larvae that survived freezing / thawing were studied in terms of res…

The milk macromolecular peptide: preparation and evaluation of antihypertensive activity in rats.

In order to avoid the discomfort of digesting milk protein and make full use of the gastrointestinal digestive function, a milk macromolecular peptide was prepared with ACE inhibitory activity after gastrointestinal digestion as the index. Then, the antihypertensive activity of the milk macromolecular peptide in rats was evaluated. The results showed that the ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysate after simulated gastrointestinal digestion was the highest in which the degree of hydrolysis was 17% and the ACE inhibitory activity reached 78.48%. The optimum enzymatic parameters were obtained wit…

A model to optimise the requirements of lactating dairy cows for physically effective neutral detergent fibre.

This study modelled multiple physiological responses of dairy cows to physical and chemical characteristics of a diet aiming to optimise the … is a key factor stimulating rumination activity, maintaining optimal ruminal pH and promoting fibre digestion. Modelling data with regard to the association of fibre digestion and time duration of ruminal pH < 5.8 and dietary peNDF > 8 suggests that feeding of less than 13.7% peNDF > 8 (the lower 'safety limit') is critical to prevent depression of fibre di …

Interactions among forages and nonforage fiber sources.

Source, amount, and physical characteristics of dietary forage can interact with nonforage fiber sources and influence ruminal and total tract fiber digestion, passage, and performance of dairy cows fed diets containing substantial nonforage fiber in place of forage. Dietary NDF from forage can be reduced to < = 60% and still provide sufficient amounts of effective fiber for FCM production that is similar to or superior to that with high forage diets. Because of small particle size and high specific gravity, increased ruminal rate of passage may be responsible for lower ruminal NDF digestibili…

Comparation of the effects of different 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) on gene expression in HEK293 cells.

ObjectivesTo evaluate four 5'-UTRs on GFP expression in HEK293T cells.ResultsThe recombinant plasmids were constructed by restriction enzyme digestion, digestion and DNA sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting results showed that the transcription and translation level of PPRV-GFP mRNA was significantly lower than that of the other reporters. The transcription and translation level of ChEF1-GFP was the highest in HEK293T cells.ConclusionsDifferent UTRs can significantly affect protein expression. Additionally, the findings also will be useful in biological applications that…

[Morphohistochemical studies of the carp intestines in bothriocephaliasis].

Morphohistochemical study of host-parasite relationships after the infection of carp with Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis was conducted. It has been found out that the whole parasite's strobile comes into close contact with tissues of the mucous membrane of the carp's gut. The destruction of the gut's wall results from its digestion or lysis that is confirmed by high activity of acid phosphatase. Together with epithelium of the mucous membrane of the gut exodermis of the helminth takes an active part in the digestion that is proved by similar histochemical processes.

Kinetic fingerprinting and food matrix interactions reveal the gastrointestinal behavior of polyphenolics in stir-fried green tea.

Stir-fried green tea polyphenols exhibit strong antioxidant capacity; however, they degrade rapidly during gastrointestinal transit. This study combined antioxidant kinetic profiling, chemometric analysis, simulated digestion, and Caco-2 cell permeability models to identify the principal antioxidant drivers and evaluate the protective effects of the food matrix. Ridge model identified EGCG as the primary determinant of radical-scavenging kinetics, whereas gallic acid contributed more strongly to the thermodynamic antioxidant capacity. Simulated intestinal digestion induced an antioxidant kinet…

Пищевая парадокс: преобразование чужеродной материи в себя.

Питание необходимо для выживания, но оно происходит от биологического вещества, полученного из других живых организмов. Макромолекулы продовольствия почти всегда структурно отличаются от продуктов носителя и поэтому могут рассматриваться как иностранный биологический материал. Это наблюдение приводит к тому, что здесь определяется как пищевая парадокс: пища поддерживает жизнь, но первоначально представляет собой несамобиологический материал. Диагностика устраняет этот парадокс, разбивая пищевые макромолекулы на универсальные молекулярные единицы, совместимые с носителями метаболизма. С этой то

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Food is indispensable for survival, yet it originates from biological matter derived from other living organisms. Food macromolecules are al … here as the Food Paradox: food sustains life but initially represents non-self biological material. Digestion resolves this paradox by breaking down food macromolecules to universal molecular units compatible with host metabolism. From this perspective, the Food Paradox is proposed as a conceptual framework linking digestion, gut microbiota, intestinal barr …