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Endocrine abnormalities associated with chronic renal failure.

It is evident that chronic renal failure has far-reaching metabolic consequences because endocrine aberrations are common. Uremia may alter endocrine function through its effect on the hypothalamopituitary axis, the individual end organs, and the peripheral metabolism of various hormones. Deficiency of some hormones and excess of others coexist in patients with renal failure. Since the physiologic effects of many of these abnormalities are still not well defined, no treatment is necessary with the exception of true deficiency states such as testosterone deficiency. In the latter instance, exog

Stimulation of human prolactin secretion by intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the secretion of human prolactin is regulated primarily by factors that influence catecholamines of the hypothalamus. In an effort to identify other factors that may regulate prolactin secretion, the amino acid L-tryptophan, a precursor in the synthesis of serotonin, was infused into normal human volunteers. Intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan, 5-10 g over a 20 min period, but not equivalent amounts of 17 other amino acids, induced marked increases in serum prolactin concentrations in eight normal human volunteers. Increases of 20-200 ng/ml above the co

Воздействие иммунотерапии рака на рождаемость: уделение особого внимания гематологическим заболеваниям.

В последние годы лечению раковых заболеваний способствовали новые эффективные методы лечения, включая иммунную терапию. Хотя эта терапия повышает показатели выживаемости рака, она может изменять иммунную реакцию и вызывать долгосрочные побочные эффекты, гонадотоксичные последствия и потенциальное воздействие на фертильность мужчин и женщин вызывают все большую озабоченность. Иммунотерапии, такие, как ингибиторы иммунной системы, иммуномодуляторы, моноклонные антитела и CAR-T, могут привести к повышению уровней проинфламмации цитокинов и связанных с иммунным иммунитетом неблагоприятных явлений,

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… Additionally, checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be the immunomodulators most strongly linked to adverse effects on the endocrine system, such as hypophysitis and hypothyroidism. … Adverse conditions linked to the endocrine system, such as hypophysitis and hypothyroidism, have been well-documented and have the potential to cause ovarian insufficiency by decreasing gonadotropin output. …

The brain-body circuit mediates acute stress-induced antiinflammatory reflex in bacterial cystitis by suppressing ILC2 activation.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly encountered infections in clinical practice, in which psychological stress is a critical pathological contributor to modulate immune function. However, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the brain to bladder infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that acute stress treatment suppressed bladder inflammation in mice with UTIs, and a substantial number of neurons showing overlap between inflammation-associated markers and retrograde labeling were observed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) brain r

Escin alleviates stress-induced intestinal dysfunction to protect brain injury by regulating the gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke rats.

Hyperactivity of HPA axis results in intestinal dysfunction, which may play a role in brain injury caused by ischemic stroke (IS). Escin shows a neuroprotective effect but it may not penetrate blood brain barrier (BBB). Previous work in our laboratory showed that escin ameliorated intestinal injury in animals. The aim of this study is to investigate whether escin attenuates brain injury by improving intestinal dysfunction in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, to mimic IS. MCAO rats and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced Caco-2 cells were used to evaluate the effects of escin in vivo

Positive Correlation between nNOS and Stress-Activated Bowel Motility Is Confirmed by In Vivo HiBiT System.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has various roles as a neurotransmitter. However, studies to date have produced insufficient data to fully support the correlation between nNOS and bowel motility. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between nNOS expression and gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility using a stress-induced neonatal maternal separation (NMS) mouse model. In this study, we generated a genetically modified mouse with the HiBiT sequence knock-in into the nNOS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 for analyzing accurate nNOS expression. nNOS expression was measured in the stomach, sm

Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence alters anxiety and depression-related behaviours in male mice with Alzheimer-like disease.

The gut-microbiota-brain axis plays an important role in stress-related disorders, and dysfunction of this complex bidirectional system is associated with Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to assess the idea that whether gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence can alter anxiety- and depression-related behaviours in adult mice with or without Alzheimer-like disease. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with an antibiotic cocktail from weaning to adulthood. Adult mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ)1-42, and were subjected to anxiety and depression tests.

Undernutrition and Pubertal Timing in Female Survivors of Medulloblastoma and Other Embryonal Tumors.

CONTEXT: Children with brain tumors may have pubertal onset at an inappropriately young chronologic age. Hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation ≥18Gy has been found to be a risk factor; age at irradiation is associated with pubertal timing. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) and catch-up growth on pubertal timing in females treated for medulloblastoma and other embryonal tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective cohort analysis of 90 female patients treated for medulloblastoma and other embryonal tumors at Dana-F

Prevalence of Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients Taking Chronic Opioids.

CONTEXT: Chronic opioid use may lead to adrenal insufficiency because of central suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the prevalence of opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency (OIAI) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of OIAI and to identify predictors for the development of OIAI in patients taking opioids for chronic pain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, 2016-2018. SETTING: Referral center. PATIENTS: Adult patients taking chronic opioids admitted to the Pain Rehabilitation Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnosis of OIAI was considered if positive c

Effects of body weight-supported treadmill training at different speeds on the motor function and depressive behaviors after spinal cord injury in rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor dysfunction and depression, which hinders the recovery of motor function. Body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) should be considered an effective method for functional rehabilitation after SCI, as it is an efficacious intervention in healthcare with no side effects. Because exercise exerts different effects on motor function recovery and inhibiting depression after SCI, we aimed to determine the appropriate intensity of BWSTT. In this study, fixed durations, frequencies, and percentages of BWSTT with different speeds of BWSTT (7, 15, and 21 cm/s

Childhood abuse predicts affective symptoms via HPA reactivity during mother-infant stress.

Despite extensive literature positing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a mechanism in the association between early childhood maltreatment and later adult psychopathology, empirical support for this full pathway is lacking. We tested indirect effects of childhood maltreatment on women's later affective symptomatology via HPA axis responding to a stressor involving their own infant. Women (n = 47) in a larger longitudinal study were assessed following the birth of their infant from 3 to 18 months postnatal. They reported childhood maltreatment history at 3 months and participate

Temporomandibular Disorders Related to Stress and HPA-Axis Regulation.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by pain and dysfunction in the masticatory apparatus and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Previous trauma, stress symptoms, psychosocial impairment, and catastrophizing have been related to TMD. To assess if the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is upregulated in TMD patients, we performed a cross-sectional study with saliva from 44 TMD patients and 44 healthy sex- and age-matched controls for cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we calculated the F/E ratio for the evaluat

Glucocorticoids Cause Gender-Dependent Reversal of Hepatic Fibrosis in the MDR2-Knockout Mouse Model.

Hepatic cholestasis is associated with a significant suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of the HPA axis by corticosterone treatment can reverse liver inflammation and fibrosis in a multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (MDR2KO) transgenic mouse model of hepatic cholestasis. Friend Virus B NIH-Jackson (FVBN) control and MDR2KO male and female mice were treated with vehicle or corticosterone for two weeks, then serum and liver analyses of hepatic cholestasis markers were performed. Indicators of inflammat

Effects of interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on mother and child diurnal cortisol rhythm and cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor involving separation.

Women who have experienced interpersonal violence (IPV) are at a higher risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and impaired social behavior. Previously, we had reported impaired maternal sensitivity and increased difficulty in identifying emotions (i.e. alexithymia) among IPV-PTSD mothers. One of the aims of the present study was to examine maternal IPV-PTSD salivary cortisol levels diurnally and reactive to their child's distress in relation to maternal alexithymia. Given that mother-child interaction during in

Mortality of Septic Mice Strongly Correlates With Adrenal Gland Inflammation.

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis and septic shock are commonly present in the ICU and accompanied by significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. The frequency of secondary adrenal insufficiency in sepsis remains open to debate and a challenge to identify and treat appropriately. Animal models of sepsis using genetic or surgical initiation of adrenal insufficiency resulted in increased mortality, but the mechanisms are still unclear. The present study investigates the impact of adrenal inflammation in septic mice challenged with cecal ligation and puncture. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING:

Clock genes × stress × reward interactions in alcohol and substance use disorders.

Adverse life events and highly stressful environments have deleterious consequences for mental health. Those environmental factors can potentiate alcohol and drug abuse in vulnerable individuals carrying specific genetic risk factors, hence producing the final risk for alcohol- and substance-use disorders development. The nature of these genes remains to be fully determined, but studies indicate their direct or indirect relation to the stress hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or reward systems. Over the past decade, clock genes have been revealed to be key-players in influencing acu