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Retinal Ganglion Cell Quantification for Evaluating Neurodegeneration in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis​.

Quantification of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss provides a sensitive and reproducible measure of neurodegeneration in mouse models of neurological  disease and injury. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used mouse model of multiple sclerosis, inflammation of the optic nerve can lead to optic neuritis, axonal injury, and progressive RGC loss. Therefore, quantification of RGC survival provides a valuable readout of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration and can be used to evaluate disease severity and neuroprotective interventions. Here, we describe a protocol for r…

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Multiple Sclerosis: A Topical Narrative Review.

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are a relatively new class of drugs that were initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and, subsequently, weight reduction in patients with obesity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly associated with comorbidities for which GLP-1RAs are indicated. An increasing prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases has increased the number of people living with MS (pwMS) who are prescribed a GLP-1RA, for indications of obesity, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, …

Resolution Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: Linking Lipid Mediators to Neuroinflammation and Disease Progression.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by highly heterogeneous clinical courses and progressive accumulation of disability. Traditionally viewed as a relapsing inflammatory disease driven by peripheral autoimmunity, emerging evidence instead supports a continuum in which early immune attacks evolve into compartmentalized, chronic "smoldering" pathology that persists independently of overt relapses. This chapter integrates current knowledge of MS pathogenesis, focusing on the central emerging concept that M…

Tuberous sclerosis complex with ovarian endometrioma misdiagnosed as multiple metastases: a case report.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic and multi-spectrum disease, characterized by the development of benign hamartomas in multiple organ systems, which may be misdiagnosed as malignant neoplasms. We present the case of a TSC patient with a large ovarian endometrioma that showed heterogeneous enhancement on a computerized tomography (CT) scan, and Tc-99 m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy revealed the possibility of bone metastases. She was initially misdiagnosed with a malignant ovarian tumor and multiple metastases, whereas the definitive diagn

Hippocampal Radiomic Signatures in Multiple Sclerosis Subtypes: A Machine Learning-Based MRI Study.

This study aimed to investigate whether three-dimensional (3D) hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features could differentiate multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes using machine learning models, while establishing a reproducible workflow potentially adaptable to other neuroanatomical and neurodegenerative imaging studies. Brain MRI examinations from 267 patients with MS were included: 99 with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 81 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 87 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The right and left hippocampi were analyzed in separate hemisphere-specifi…

Anti-aging and Anti-inflammatory Dietary Interventions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic sex-biased (3♀:1♂) immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Disease-modifying therapies targeting the peripheral immune cells efficiently limit relapses in early MS but cannot abrogate the chronic progressive component of the disease. The exact cause of MS remains elusive but interactions between predisposing genetic and environmental risk factors result in aberrant activation of pro-inflammatory immune cells targeting the CNS, leading to the formation of multifocal demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord. MS-rel…

Полифармацевтика, сопутствующие факторы и изменения с течением времени в австралийцах с множественным склерозом.

СТРУКТУРА: Люди с множественным склерозом (PwMS) сталкиваются с высоким риском полифарматики из-за управления симптомами и сопутствующих факторов, однако исследования по-прежнему носят ограниченный характер. ЦЕЛИ: Изучение распространенности полифармологии, связанных с ней факторов и временных тенденций среди австралийцев с НР. МЕТОДЫ: Данные были получены в ходе Австралийского исследования по многоразовому продольному склерозу. Документы о предписании были получены из наборов данных по Программе пособий на фармацевтику (ПСФ)2017-2022). Полифармацевтика определяется как использование ≥5 Произв

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) face a high risk of polypharmacy due to symptom management and comorbidities, yet research remains limited. OBJECTIVES: To examine polypharmacy prevalence, associated factors, and temporal trends among Australians with MS. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Australian Multiple Sclerosis Longitudinal Study. P…

Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system marked by inflammatory demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration. Although current immunomodulatory therapies can reduce relapse rates, they are often associated with limited long-term efficacy and adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer and more comprehensive complementary approaches. Dietary bioactive phytochemicals-notably, the polyphenols epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), curcumin, and resveratrol-have demonstrated potential to modulate the immune and inflammatory pathways implicated in M…

Hybrid deep learning and feature optimization approach for early detection of multiple sclerosis.

The healthcare field increasingly relies on autonomous systems for the detection and analysis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) to minimize diagnostic delays, resource burdens, reduce the progression of disability, and enhance clinical decision-making efficiency. Such systems ensure accurate and timely treatment, ultimately improved patient outcomes. In this study, a hybrid framework combining deep learning-based feature extraction, metaheuristic feature selection, and machine learning (ML) classifiers is proposed for accurate MS classification. All MRI images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited…

Antibody response against HERV-K polymerase and envelope by patients with multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viruses that have infected germ cells of our ancestors millions of years ago and compose 8% of human genome. The expression of HERVs is associated with neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The humoral immune response against peptides from the envelope proteins, but not to polymerase, of HERV-K has been previously described. The aim of this study is to evaluate anti-HERV- K polymerase (pol) humoral response in patients with MS. METHODS: GenBank platform were used to select peptide…

Multiple sclerosis-associated EBNA2 variants influence the response to peginterferon beta-1a therapy.

BACKGROUND: Strong evidence links Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Peginterferon beta-1a (peg-IFN), currently the most used interferon formulation among first-line treatments in MS, displays immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties and remains also an important therapeutic option in conditions such as pregnancy, lactation and aging patients. OBJECTIVES: In this study we evaluated the ability of peg-IFN to restore a homeostatic EBV-host interaction in MS by regulating antiviral and immunometabolic responses. METHODS: In people with MS (pwMS),…

Subcortical microglial inflammation is uniquely linked to subpial cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS), pathology of both the subpial cortex and subependymal parenchyma has been strongly linked to compartmentalized meningeal inflammation. The topographical distribution of subpial demyelination can be appraised in vivo using surface-based mapping of magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) in the cortex with 7T MRI. We combined 7T cortical MTsat mapping with [11C]PBR28 PET molecular imaging of microglia to study the potential influence of subcortical microglial inflammation on cortical pathology. METHODS: Thirty-eight MS patients (median EDSS: 4.0) and 21…

Elucidating the Causal Relationships Between B Cells, Dendritic Cells, and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to significant disability, with its precise etiology still not fully understood. Recent studies indicate the crucial role of immune cells in MS pathogenesis. However, traditional research often focuses on major immune cell populations, potentially neglecting the roles of newly identified immune cell subsets with distinct receptors and functions. Moreover, conventional observational studies are prone to biases, hindering the establishment of definitive causal relationships. This study aims to investigate the causal r…

Cognitive-Motor dual-task assessments in people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Dual-task paradigms are increasingly recognized as critical measures of functional impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Although dual-task assessments offer valuable insights into real-life functioning, methodological inconsistencies limit their interpretability and clinical applicability. This scoping review systematically mapped cognitive-motor dual-task assessments used in MS research to identify methodological trends and gaps and guide future research and clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, search…