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Antimitotic drugs in the treatment of cancer.

Cancer is a complex disease since it is adaptive in such a way that it can promote proliferation and invasion by means of an overactive cell cycle and in turn cellular division which is targeted by antimitotic drugs that are highly validated chemotherapy agents. However, antimitotic drug cytotoxicity to non-tumorigenic cells and multiple cancer resistance developed in response to drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids are obstacles faced in both the clinical and basic research field to date. In this review, the classes of antimitotic compounds, their mechanisms of action and cancer cell res

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… The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. J Cell Biol. 1996;132:111–123. doi: 10.1083/jcb.132.1.111. 36. Chen R-H, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Murray A. Spindle checkpoint protein Xmad1 recruits XMad2 to unattached kinetochores. …

Узкие полифенолы в питании свиноматок: обновление.

Окисляющий стресс является потенциально критическим фактором, влияющим на производительность гектарирующих и кормящих свиней. Полифенолы представляют собой большой класс вторичных метаболитов растений, обладающих мощными антиоксидантами. Все полифенолы структурно характеризуются ароматическими кольцами с множеством гидроксилов водорода; они делают полифенолы идеальными атомами водорода и электронными донорами для нейтрализации свободных радикалов и других реактивных видов кислорода. В течение последнего десятилетия все большее внимание уделялось полифенолам в качестве функциональных кормовых д

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… The effects of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during late pregnancy and lactation on sow productivity, colostrum and milk composition, and antioxidant status of sows in a subtropical climate. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:71. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00071. …

Preventive strategies for acute kidney injury in cancer patients.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cancer that occurs in up to 50% of neoplastic patients during the natural history of their disease; furthermore, it has a huge impact on key outcomes such as overall prognosis, length of hospitalization and costs. AKI in cancer patients has different causes, either patient-, tumour- or treatment-related. Patient-related risk factors for AKI are the same as in the general population, whereas tumour-related risk factors are represented by compression, obstruction, direct kidney infiltration from the tumour as well by precipitation, aggregatio

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… Urate oxidase is known to be present in many mammals but does not naturally occur in humans [ 73 ]; therefore, rasburicase is produced by a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. …

Identifying novel genes and biological processes relevant to the development of cancer therapy-induced mucositis: An informative gene network analysis.

Mucositis is a complex, dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy or radiotherapy that leads to painful mouth ulcers, difficulty eating or swallowing, gastrointestinal distress, and reduced quality of life for patients with cancer. Mucositis is most common for those undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and for those being treated for malignancies of the head and neck. Treatment and management of mucositis remain challenging. It is expected that multiple genes are involved in the formation, severity, and persistence of mucositis. We used Ingenuity Pathway A

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… What properties characterize the hub proteins of the protein-protein interaction network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae? Genome biology. 2006;7(6):R45 doi: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-6-r45 ; 65. Aragues R, Sali A, Bonet J, Marti-Renom MA, Oliva B. …

Прогресс в развитии лекарственных средств на основе пептида: платформы для доставки, терапевтические средства и вакцины.

Успешное утверждение лекарств на основе пептида можно отнести на счет совместных усилий по целому ряду дисциплин. Интеграция новых методов разработки и синтеза лекарственных средств, отображение библиотечных технологий, систем доставки, достижений в области биоинженерии и искусственного интеллекта в значительной степени ускорила разработку новейших лекарств на основе пептида, эффективно устраняя препятствия, связанные с их характером, такие, как быстрое обезвреживание и деградация, необходимость субколичественной инъекции, ведущей к усилению дискомфорта пациентов, и в конечном итоге продвигая

Metabolic reprogramming and cisplatin resistance: the emerging role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs).

Cisplatin resistance remains a primary obstacle in oncology, leading to therapeutic failure and disease recurrence. While resistance mechanisms are multifactorial, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a critical adaptive strategy for cancer cells to evade cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. This review synthesizes current evidence on how altered metabolism drives cisplatin resistance, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). PDKs act as metabolic gatekeepers by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), diverting glucose flux away from m

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… Lin X Okuda T Holzer A Howell SB The copper transporter CTR1 regulates cisplatin uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol Pharmacol 2002 62 5 1154 9 10.1124/mol.62.5.1154 12391279 Lin X, Okuda T, Holzer A, Howell SB. The copper transporter CTR1 regulates cisplatin uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . …

Interferon-Based Biopharmaceuticals: Overview on the Production, Purification, and Formulation.

The advent of biopharmaceuticals in modern medicine brought enormous benefits to the treatment of numerous human diseases and improved the well-being of many people worldwide. First introduced in the market in the early 1980s, the number of approved biopharmaceutical products has been steadily increasing, with therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and their derivatives accounting for most of the generated revenues. The success of pharmaceutical biotechnology is closely linked with remarkable developments in DNA recombinant technology, which has enabled the production of proteins with high specific

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… A series of commercially available (ThermoFisher Scientific ® , Waltham, MA, USA)) plasmids is commonly used for intracellular (pPICZ or pGAP) and secreted (pPICZα or pGAPα) recombinant protein expression under the control of AOX promoter, in which the latter encompasses the Saccharomyces cerevisiae … Additionally, targeting IFNα-2b fused to the α mating factor sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Padmanabhan [ 76 ] cultivated P. pastoris GS115 in a bioreactor under the control of AOX promoter and observed that all clones secreted two forms of IFN, in accordance with the results from Srivastava …

The sirtuin family in health and disease.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a

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… Historical review and structure of SIRT proteins The history of SIRTs can be traced to founding member Sir2 nearly 40 years ago, which was first discovered in the budding Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and was originally known as mating-type regulator 1 protein. 12 Subsequently, Sir2 has been found to function …

Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.

Capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance compon … bits growth of E. coli, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial cultures, but not Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Oral LD50 values as low as 161.2 mg/kg (rats) and 118.8 mg/kg (mice) have been reported for Capsaicin in acute oral toxicity studies, with hemorrhage of the gastric fundus observed in some of the animals that died. Intravenous, intraperi …

Properties of Approved Antitumour Chinese Herbal Medicines: Integrating Evidence and Tradition.

The properties and meridian affinities of Chinese herbal medicine are closely associated with their therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on approved antitumour Chinese medicines listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, Volume I), highlighting their key components. Statistical methods were used to analyse the properties, flavours and channel tropisms of antitumour traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including both proprietary formulations and commercially available individual herbs. Distinctive patterns were identified by comparing herb profiles with con

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… Evaluating the genetic basiss of anti-cancer property of Taxol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. FEMS Microbiol Lett . 2021;368(13). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnab077 69. Wang YY, Lv YF, Lu L, Cai L. Oridonin inhibits mTOR signaling and the growth of lung cancer tumors. …

From Cellular Stress to Systemic Adaptation: The Circadian Clock and Stress Response at Cellular and Systemic Levels.

The stress response is essential for cellular and organismal survival as it acts as a protective and adaptive mechanism to maintain homeostasis. At the organismal level, physical stressors induce responses in mammals that are mediated primarily by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates glucocorticoid secretion. The HPA axis functions as a circadian-regulated, multi-oscillator system, in which the paraventricular nucleus, the pituitary, and the adrenal gland exhibit intrinsic rhythmicity while remaining coordinated by the output from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Glucocor

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… The Gcn2-eIF2α pathway connects iron and amino acid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biochem. J. 2018 475 1523 1534 10.1042/bcj20170871 29626156 51. Kadowaki H. Nishitoh H. …

Modulation of Lonp1 Activity by Small Compounds.

The Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1) is an ATP-dependent mitochondrial protease essential for maintaining proteostasis, bioenergetics, and cellular homeostasis. LONP1 plays a pivotal role in protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) regulation, particularly under stress conditions. Dysregulation of LONP1 has been implicated in various pathologies, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and reproductive diseases, positioning it as a promising pharmacological target. This review examines compounds that modulate LONP1 activity, categorizin

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… Lonp1 works generally as a homohexamer—in some species, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the enzyme is a homoheptamer. …

What is new in the pathogenesis and treatment of IgA glomerulonephritis.

Recently, new findings have been clarified concerning both pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephritis. The four hits theory has been confirmed but several genetic wide association studies have allowed finding several genes connected with the pathogenesis of the disease. All these new genes apply to each of the four hits. Additionally, new discoveries concerning the microbiota and its connection with immune system and IgA generation have allowed finding out the role of the mucosa in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis. The IgA treatment is also changed included the future possibilities. The treatment

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… Saccharomyces boulardii prevents oral-poliovirus vaccine-induced IgA nephropathy in mice. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23:1287–1291. doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0813-2. 31. …

Микроэкология и тренировка: целевое воздействие на ось микробиота-Гут-Брэйна для лечения заболеваний центральной нервной системы.

Кишечная микробиота (ГМ) может играть решающую роль в развитии и развитии заболеваний центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Микроэкология и упражнение могут влиять на состав и функции ГМ, оказывая тем самым позитивное воздействие на НКЦ. Ожидается, что комбинированные физические упражнения и микроэкология позволят более комплексно и эффективно решать проблемы, связанные с заболеваниями CNS, через ось микробиота-гут-мозгов (MMBA), потенциально превысив результаты отдельных мероприятий. Однако в настоящее время по этой теме не проводится соответствующих обзоров. В этом обзоре мы изучаем взаимосвязь

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… strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus reuteri , Bifidobacterium species, Lactobacillus casei strains, the Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Bacillus coagulans , Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, certain Enterococcus species, especially Enterococcus faecium SF68, and yeast Saccharomyces …

Pharmacomicrobiomics in Anticancer Therapies: Why the Gut Microbiota Should Be Pointed Out.

Anticancer treatments have shown a variable therapeutic outcome that may be partly attributable to the activity of the gut microbiota on the pathology and/or therapies. In recent years, microbiota-drug interactions have been extensively investigated, but most of the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and some of the most commonly used drugs in oncological diseases. Different strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota layout (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantati

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… In a subsequent phase IV randomized clinical trial, the authors observed that daily oral administration of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii for seven days prior to colorectal resection reduced the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, IL-23A and IL-1β, in the intestinal …

Advances in CRISPR-Cas technology and its applications: revolutionising precision medicine.

CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) has undergone marked advancements since its discovery as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea, emerged as a potent gene-editing tool after the successful engineering of its synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) toward the targeting of specific DNA sequences with high accuracy. Besides its DNA editing ability, further-developed Cas variants can also edit the epigenome, rendering the CRISPR-Cas system a versatile tool for genome and epigenome manipulation and a pioneering force in precision medic

The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer.

Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence foster

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… TLR3 can recognize viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and synthetic dsRNA Poly(I:C) or Poly(A:U), while TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative enterobacteria, mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans , and glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans [ 138 … Bacterial and viral organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Candida albican , Influenza viruses, and Adenoviruses, have been reported to induce the activation of the inflammasome directly or indirectly [ 185 ]. …

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

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… Sheele J Cartowski J Dart A Saccharomyces boulardii and bismuth subsalicylate as low-cost interventions to reduce the duration and severity of cholera Pathog Glob Health 2015 109 275 282 26260354 10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000028 PMC4727582 72. …

Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia: A Reservoir of Bioactive Molecules to Slow Down the Aging Process.

Aging research aims at developing therapies that delay normal aging processes and some related pathologies. Recently, many compounds and extracts from natural products have been shown to slow aging and/or extend lifespan. Marine sponges and their associated microorganisms have been found to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites; however, those from the Southwest of the Indian Ocean are much less studied, especially regarding anti-aging activities. In this study, the microbial diversity of the marine sponge Scopalina hapalia was investigated by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-s

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… Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan. Nature. 2003;425:191–196. doi: 10.1038/nature01960. 22. Roy R., Adamczewski J.P., Seroz T., Vermeulen W., Tassan J.P., Schaeffer L., Nigg E.A., Hoeijmakers J.H., Egly J.M. …

Resveratrol and clinical trials: the crossroad from in vitro studies to human evidence.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that may be present in a limited number of foodstuffs such as grapes and red wine. Resveratrol has been reported to exert a plethora of health benefits through many different mechanisms of action. This versatility and presence in the human diet have drawn the worldwide attention of many research groups over the past twenty years, which has resulted in a huge output of in vitro and animal (preclinical) studies. In line with this expectation, many resveratrol- based nutraceuticals are consumed all over the world with qu

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… In 2003, Howitz and colleagues [ 232 ] showed that RES was able to extend yeast replicative lifespan (70%) but not the chronological one of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the activation of SIRT1. …