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Larvicidal activity of selected aloe species against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culiciade).

Management of mosquito vectors by current classes of mosquitocides is relatively ineffective and necessitates prospecting for novel insecticides with different modes of action. Larvicidal activities of 15 crude extracts from three geographically isolated Aloe ngongensis (Christian), Aloe turkanensis (Christian), and Aloe fibrosa (Lavranos & L.E.Newton) (Xanthorrhoeaceae) species (five each) were evaluated against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus in Hasselquist) (Diptera: Culiciade L.) yellow fever mosquito. Freshly collected leaves were separately shade-dried to constant weight at room temperature (25 …

Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj.

BACKGROUND: Annually, Saudi Arabia is the host of the Hajj mass gathering. We aimed to determine the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona … meningococcal vaccination and the majority of those from at-risk countries were vaccinated against yellow fever and polio. Only 22% of the pilgrims (17.5% of those ≥65 years and 36.3% of diabetics) had flu vaccination, and 4.4% had pneumococcal vaccination. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage among Hajj pilgrims. While rates of compu …

Vaccine adverse events reported during the first ten years (1998-2008) after introduction in the state of Rondonia, Brazil.

Despite good safety records, vaccines given to young children can cause adverse events. We investigated the reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of vaccines given to children of less than seven years of age during the first ten years (1998 to 2008) in the state of Rondonia, Brazil. We worked with the events related to BCG (Bacillus Calmett-Guérin), HB (hepatitis B), DTwP/Hib (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis+Hemophillus influenza b), DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis), MMR (mumps, measles, rubella), and YF (yellow fever) vaccines because they were part of the recommended scheme. T…

Identifying protective dengue vaccines: guide to mastering an empirical process.

A recent clinical trial of a live-attenuated tetravalent chimeric yellow fever-dengue vaccine afforded no protection against disease caused by dengue 2 (DENV-2). This outcome was unexpected as two or more doses of this vaccine had raised broad neutralizing antibody responses. Data from pre-clinical subhuman primate studies revealed that vaccination with the monotypic DENV-2 component failed to meet established criteria for solid protection to homotypic live virus challenge. Accordingly, it is suggested that preclinical testing adopt more rigorous criteria for protection and that Phase I testin…

Awareness of healthcare workers regarding preventive measures of communicable diseases among Hajj pilgrims at the entry point in Western Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards preventive measures for communicable diseases among pilg … asures applied to infants and children. Less than one half were aware of the period of validity for Yellow Fever vaccine certificate and measures to be taken for unvaccinated pilgrims. Only 32.9% were aware of preventive measures that should be applied against influenza A (H1N1). Physicians, those reading guidelines, and those with high experience a showed sig …

Eupatorium capillifolium essential oil: chemical composition, antifungal activity, and insecticidal activity.

Natural plant extracts often contain compounds that are useful in pest management applications. The essential oil of Eupatorium capillifoliu … irect bioautography assay. The E. capillifolium oil showed promising repellent activity against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, whereas the oil exhibited moderate activity against the mosquito's first instar larvae in a high throughput bioassay. Topical applications of the oil showed no activity against the blood-feeding female adults of A. aegypti. E …

Сопутствующий Денге и малярия в регионе Амазонки.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Амазонский регион имеет обширные лесные районы и природные экосистемы, что создает благоприятные условия для существования бесчисленных арбовирусов. Более 200 арбовирусов были изолированы в Бразилии, и около 40 из них связаны с человеческими заболеваниями. Четыре из 40 считаются имеющими важное значение для здоровья населения в Бразилии: вирусы Денге (1-4), Оропуша, Майаро и Желтая лихорадка. Наряду с этими вирусами около 98% случаев заболевания малярией приходится на регион Амазонки.МЕТОДЫ: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение присутствия арбовирусов в 111 образцах клинич

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: The Amazon region has extensive forested areas and natural ecosystems, providing favorable conditions for the existence of inn … considered to be of public health importance in Brazil: Dengue viruses (1-4), Oropouche, Mayaro and Yellow Fever. Along with these viruses, about 98% of the malaria cases are restricted to the Legal Amazon region. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the presence of arboviruses in 111 clinical serum samples from patients living in Novo Repartimento (Pará) …

Synthesis, pharmacological and antiviral activity of 1,3-thiazepine derivatives.

The preparation of new fourteen thiourea and fourteen product of their condensation with 1,4-dibromobutane, viz. 1,3-thiazepine derivatives, … classes, such as a HIV-1 (Retrovirus), a HBV (Hepadnavirus) and the single-stranded RNA(+) viruses Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), both belonging to Flaviridae. Three of new obtained compounds showed a modest activity against HIV-1 wt(IIIB), BVDV and YFV.

Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings.

Female Aedes aegypti are vectors of dengue and yellow fever. Odor volatiles are the predominant cues that drive the host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti. Odorant molecules are detected and discriminated by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in sensory hairs, sensilla, located on the antennae and maxillary palps. In a previous study, we used odor volatiles that are behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically active for Ae. aegypti and other mosquito species to show that antennal ORNs of female Ae. aegypti are divided into functionally different classes. In the present study, we have, for t…

Development and evaluation of one step single tube multiplex RT-PCR for rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is emerging as a major public health concern in many parts of the world. The development of a one-step, single tube, rapid, and multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (M-RT-PCR) for simultaneous detection and typing of dengue virus using serotype specific primers during acute phase of illness is reported. RESULTS: An optimal assay condition with zero background was established having no cross-reaction with closely related members of flavivirus (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow fever) and alphavirus (Chikungunya). The feasibility of M-RT-PCR assay …

A new fluorogenic real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile viruses.

West Nile virus represents an emerging threat for animal and human health worldwide. This virus exhibits a marked genetic variation, with at … Central Africa, Middle East, Europe, and North America), whereas other flaviviruses (Usutu, Dengue, Yellow fever) analyzed in parallel remained negative. The sensitivity achieved by this assay was 10(-2)-10(-3) pfu/tube. This method, which can be performed in 96-well format, could be suitable for the large-scale surveillance of West Nile virus in areas where b …

Repellency and efficacy of a 65% permethrin spot-on formulation for dogs against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes.

A topically applied 65% permethrin spot-on (Defend EXspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health) used for flea and tick control on dogs was evaluated for repellency and efficacy against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a vector of canine filariasis. Six dogs were randomly assigned to receive a single application of 65% permethrin on Day 0 (n=3) or to remain untreated as controls (n=3). Dogs were anesthetized and exposed to 100 unfed, female mosquitoes in screened cages for 2 hours on Days -6, -4, -1, 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Mosquito landing rates, engorgement rates, and m…

Leucokinin and the modulation of the shunt pathway in Malpighian tubules.

Transepithelial secretion in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) is mediated by active transport of Na(+) and K(+) through principal cells and passive Cl(-) transport through the shunt. Permeation through the shunt was assessed by measuring transepithelial halide diffusion potentials in isolated perfused Malpighian tubules, after first inhibiting active transport with dinitrophenol. Diffusion potentials were small under control conditions, revealing Eisenman selectivity sequence I (I(-)>Br(-)>Cl(-)>F(-)) which is the halide mobility sequence in free solution. Accord…

Eight novel families of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.

Eight novel families of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) were discovered in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles g … . MITEs in A. gambiae range from 40 to 1340 copies per genome, much less abundant than MITEs in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Statistical analyses suggest that most A. gambiae MITEs are in highly AT-rich regions, many of which are closely associated with each other. The analyses of these novel MITEs underscored interesting questions regarding their …

Travels with HIV: the compliance and health of HIV-infected adults who travel.

We examined the effects of travel on the health of a group of HIV-infected adults (n = 89) cared for in a public hospital HIV clinic. In a p … or better. None of the travellers to developing countries received gamma globulin, but one received yellow fever vaccine. Fifteen travellers (43%) became ill either during their trip or immediately thereafter; 3 required hospitalization. While most illnesses were not severe, 4 patients developed potentially life-threatening infections including coccidioidomyco …

Seasonal abundance, biting cycle, parity and vector potential of the mosquito Haemagogus equinus in Trinidad.

The mosquito Haemagogus equinus is a known vector of yellow fever (YF) in central America. Seasonal abundance, daily biting activity and the age composition of adult Hg.equinus female populations were monitored weekly during 1981-82 by human collectors on the ground at Point Gourde Forest, Chaguaramas, 16 km west of Port of Spain, Trinidad. 2. Landing collections of Hg.equinus showed diurnal activity from 06.00 to 20.00 hours (suntime), with a single peak between 08.00 and 14.00 hours. 3. Overall, 5.6% of Hg.equinus were collected during the dry season (December-April) and 94.4% during the wet…

A survey of the health of British missionaries.

The results of medical examinations carried out on 212 missionary personnel from one missionary society returning on leave to the UK are pre … eturning did so because of psychiatric illness. The highest rates of immunization achieved were for yellow fever (100% of those travelling to affected countries), tetanus (93%), polio (85%), typhoid (71%) and tuberculosis (53%). The results of urinalysis (100% of adults), full blood counts (78% of adults) and stool tests (74% of all people) are reported. The s …

[A case of spinal epidural abscess in a renal transplant recipient].

A 44-year-old male underwent a cadaveric renal transplantation at the university hospital of Tsukuba on March 3, 1979. On June 11, 1979, he was discharged this hospital. Immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and methylprednisolone was done. On November 1, 1979, he developed back pain associated with fever. On November 3, 1979, he was admitted to the university hospital of Tsukuba. Laboratory study revealed leucocytosis. CRP inserum was positive. But pneumonia, urinary tract infection and infectious skin lesion were ruled out by physical, radiological and laboratory examination. On Novemb

Serological evidence of infection of Tacaribe virus and arboviruses in Trinidadian bats.

Sera from 39 species of bats collected in Trinidad between 1972 and 1974 were tested against some or all of 18 arboviruses in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and/or suckling mouse neutralization (N) tests. A few sera were HI-positive with Mucambo, eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), Oriboca, Restan, Manzanilla, Guama, Bimiti, and Catu. No sera were HI-positive with Mayaro, Caraparu or Maguari. Many ser inhibited one or more of the group B hemagglutinins: Ilheus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), dengue 2, and yellow fever (YF), positives occurred in nearly every species of bat, being most frequent…

Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad.

BACKGROUND: Ethnomedicines are used by hunters for themselves and their hunting dogs in Trinidad. Plants are used for snakebites, scorpion stings, for injuries and mange of dogs and to facilitate hunting success. RESULTS: Plants used include Piper hispidum, Pithecelobium unguis-cati, Bauhinia excisa, Bauhinia cumanensis, Cecropia peltata, Aframomum melegueta, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nicotiana tabacum, Vernonia scorpioides, Petiveria alliacea, Renealmia alpinia, Justicia secunda, Phyllanthus urinaria,Phyllanthus niruri,Momordica char