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Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease in Central-West Brazil: Prevalence and associated clinical and demographic features.

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases (NMOSD) are rare autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. Although Brazil repor … ± 14.89 years. Myelitis was the most frequent initial presentation (76.4%), followed by unilateral optic neuritis (45.5%). The socioeconomic profile revealed marked vulnerability: 65.5% reported family income ≤2 minimum wages, and 45.5% were unemployed. Rituximab was the most frequently used disease-modifying therapy. The estimated NMOSD prevalence was 1.84 cas …

Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction following IL-4/IL-13 receptor blockade by dupilumab.

The purpose of the study is to review reported cases of dupilumab-associated drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction (DISR) and consider poss … ewed 10 recently reported DISR cases and observed that reported features of DISR-including uveitis, optic neuritis and meningoencephalitis, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and histopathologically noncaseating granulomas-can mimic systemic sarcoidosis. Discontinuation of dupilumab resulted in favorable outcomes in most reported DISR cases; however, symptoms wors …

Analysis of herpes zoster cases in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying drugs: insights from the EudraVigilance database.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) itself and disease modifying treatment (DMT) used in MS are risk factors of adverse herpes zoster (HZ) infection development. During HZ infection complications might develop, e.g. postherpetic neuralgia or optic neuritis, decreasing patients' quality of life. Data concerning HZ development in MS patients is limited. The authors aimed to assess the number of reports on adverse HZ development in MS patients treated with different DMTs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The EudraVigilance database was analyzed to identify HZ reports among all adverse event reports relat…

Естественный эксперимент по заболеваемости нейро-воспалительными заболеваниями и инфекциям связывает до и после COVID-19.

Инфекции являются признанными причинами нескольких нервно-воспалительных расстройств. Болезнь коронавируса 2019 года (COVID-19) нефармацевтические действия резко сократили воздействие патогенов, создав естественный эксперимент по тестированию связи между инфекцией и болезнью. Используя базу данных о национальных претензиях Японии, мы сначала подтвердили, что спад в стране был отмечен двумя строго зависимыми от инфекции условиями - эпидемическим кератоконъюнктивитом и связанным с гриппом энцефалопатией - месячные случаи которых после апреля 2020 года сократились на >60%. Затем мы применили прер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Infections are recognized triggers for several neuroinflammatory disorders. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's non-pharmaceu … ent with infection-susceptible pathophysiology. The second cluster, including myasthenia gravis and optic neuritis, exhibited transient declines followed by significant positive post-intervention slopes (P < 0.001), suggesting deferred diagnosis, treatment interruption or immune rebound. The third cluster, consisting of sarcoidosis, neuromyelitis optica, multipl …

Successful sequential therapy with rituximab and telitacicept in refractory Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and MOG-associated demyelination: a case report and literature review.

Clinical management of the rare and complex overlapping syndrome of MOG-antibody disease and anti-NMDAR encephalitis (MNOS), which has an un … ths later, the plasmablast ratio increased, and patients experienced new symptoms such as bilateral optic neuritis. After that, the patient got telitacicept injections regularly for 13 months, during which time her symptoms subsided, and there were no adverse effects or relapses. This case suggests that telitacicept may be a viable adjunct or sequential therapy …

Comparison of clinical features of aquaporin-4 positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disorder (MOGAD), and double seronegative NMOSD - A single center experience.

This retrospective study investigates Aquaporin-4 Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Myelin Oligodendrocyte G … itial symptom in AQP4+ NMOSD (48.8 %) and Seronegative NMOSD (40 %), but less so in MOGAD (18.2 %). Optic neuritis was more frequent in MOGAD (68.2 %) and Seronegative NMOSD (53.3 %) than AQP4+ NMOSD (31.7 %). Relapsing disease was less observed in MOGAD (57.1 %) compared to the other groups. Time to the first relapse varied: 12 months for Seronegative NMOSD, 18 …

Autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in a subgroup of patients with psychotic symptoms.

The presence of autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a hallmark of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), a recently defined demyelinating disease entity presenting with core clinical features of optic neuritis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Although MOG antibodies have also been described in a small number of patients with other conditions, including mental disorders, their prevalence and clinical specificity in patients with isolated psychotic symptoms remain unclear. Here, we screened sera from 262 patients with at least one psychotic e…

Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China.

BACKGROUND: The potential occurrence of autoimmune- and pregnancy-related adverse events with the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) … (130.84/100,000 person-years), 24 cases of Graves' disease (44.21/100,000 person-years), 1 case of optic neuritis (1.84/100,000 person-years), and 17 cases of uveitis (31.31/100,000 person-years). Among the 168 women with maternal exposure to the 4vHPV vaccine, five cases of congenital heart disease were observed in their infants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings c …

Comparative analysis of AQP4-IgG-positive and AQP4-IgG-negative NMOSD: A multicenter study in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disorder with variable clinical presentations depending on AQP4-IgG serostatus. While AQP4-IgG-positi … higher age at onset (41.4 vs. 38.0 years, p < 0.01). They more frequently presented with unilateral optic neuritis (30.1 % vs. 20.2 %, p < 0.01) and area postrema syndrome (9.3 % vs. 3.9 %, p < 0.01). Median EDSS at diagnosis was higher in the seronegative group (4.2 vs. 3.9, p < 0.01). Diagnostic delay was longer in this group as well, though not statistically …

The impact of physical and psychological health outcomes on stigma in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare central nervous system autoimmune disease, predominantly marked by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. In addition to its significant physical burden, NMOSD is associated with psychological challenges, including stigma, which remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the stigmatization and its associations with demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics in people with NMOSD (PwNMOSD). This cross-sectional study recruited 80 PwNMOSD in Isfahan, Iran. Data on demographic, clinical, and psychological features …

Comprehensive Review on the Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Autoimmune Encephalitis Syndromes.

Autoimmune encephalitides (AE) comprise a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders characterized by inflammation of the central nerv … eive as diplopia or oscillopsia. Afferent manifestations may include inflammatory processes such as optic neuritis or uveitis, leading to visual loss. In addition, papilledema secondary to intracranial hypertension can be observed in some cases. Cortical involvement can present as complex visual phenomena such as hallucinations, illusions, and higher-order perce …

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): Practical recommendations for diagnosis and management.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct antibody-mediated disease characterized by heterogeneous manifestations. Despite some overlap with other demyelinating CNS disorders, specific clinical-MRI features of MOGAD have been identified that facilitate early diagnosis. Paediatric and adult populations can be similarly affected but differ in the predominant clinical phenotypes, which include optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, brainstem/cerebellar syndromes, and cerebral cortical encephalitis. Based on the recently internat…

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: Review of Pathogenesis, Imaging Features, and Radiographic Mimics.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently described autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the CNS characterized by t … eriependymal enhancement, longitudinally extensive cord signal changes, intramedullary enhancement, optic neuritis, and papillitis. There is significant imaging overlap with other neuroinflammatory diseases like neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and lymphoproliferative conditions. GFAP astrocytopathy is characteristically responsive to steroids with, howeve …

The positive predictive value of MOG-IgG testing based on the 2023 diagnostic criteria for MOGAD.

BACKGROUND: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is a relatively new disease entity in the field of demye … re clinical demyelinating attack. Children more often have the typical imaging features of MOGAD in optic neuritis than adults. CONCLUSIONS: We report a PPV of 78.3% for MOG-IgG testing using the 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria. Children had higher PPV and frequency of supporting imaging features. Careful consideration is necessary when assigning patients with n …

[A Case of the Anti-aquaporine-4 Antibody-negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Associated with Atopic Disease with High Concentration of Anti-IgE Autoantibody and HyperIgEemia].

We report a 70-year-old male patient with the sero-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) associated with atopic disease (AD). He was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis at the age of 20. When he was 61 years old, he subacutely developed orthostatic hypotension, bilateral optic neuritis, quadriparesis, urinary retention, and constipation. The laboratory results revealed allergen-specific IgE positivity for cryptomeria japonica and hinoki, hyperIgEemia, and Th (helper T cell) 1 dominance. The serological tests for autoantibodies revealed negative anti-aquaporine 4 antibody, and h…

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Patients with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Real-World Experience.

This study evaluates the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with neuroimmunological disorders (pwNID) who are receiving immunomodulating treatments, compared to healthy individuals. It included 25 pwNID with conditions such as optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis, as well as 56 healthy controls. All participants had completed their full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedule, and their blood samples were collected within six months of their last dose. The concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was m…

[Classic presentation of neuromyelitis optica: clinical case and review of the literature].

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO or Devic's syndrome), characterized by acute attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, is associated with antiaquaporin 4 antibodies (anti-NMO-IgG) and it has a higher prevalence in non-Caucasian populations, where multiple sclerosis is less common. CLINICAL CASE: 41-year-old man, with no significant personal medical history, presented with clinical symptoms including paresthesias in the right hemibody and homonymous hemianopsia in the left eye. Three weeks later, he developed lumbalgia associated with paresthesias in both lower limbs up to the T…

Whole spinal transverse myelitis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord is one of the prominent targets of autoimmune mechanisms in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Rarely, … of them. Lower limb weakness was the most frequent clinical complaint. Two patients presented with optic neuritis; One patient reported having episodes of nausea and vomiting. These patients, overall, yielded a higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score than the other NMOSD patients. CONCLUSION: Whole spinal TM is a rare finding in NMOSD, which is st …

The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe and rare inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system through optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of NMOSD. METHODS: In this case-control study, 30 NMOSD cases and 90 aged matched healthy individuals were recruited. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire to calculate the DII score. A multiple adjusted regression was used to determine the odd ratio…

Overview of emerging therapies for demyelinating diseases.

This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system, specifically those caused by demyelination. We explor … nt medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders, including multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Beyond these emerging systemic therapies, we also introduce the dimethyl fumarat …