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Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Live-Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccine Candidate CVD 1926 in a Rhesus Macaque Model of Gastroenteritis.

Salmonella Typhimurium is a common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and a less frequent but important cause of invasive disease, especially in developing countries. In our previous work, we showed that a live-attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine (CVD 1921) was safe and immunogenic in rhesus macaques, although shed for an unacceptably long period (10 days) postimmunization. Consequently, we engineered a new strain, CVD 1926, which was shown to be safe and immunogenic in mice, as well as less reactogenic in mice and human cell-derived organoids than CVD 1921. In this study, we assessed the reacto…

An Ex Vivo Acid Injury and Repair (AIR) Model Using Precision-Cut Lung Slices to Understand Lung Injury and Repair.

Recent advances in cell culture models like air-liquid interface culture and ex vivo models such as organoids have advanced studies of lung biology; however, gaps exist between these models and tools that represent the complexity of the three-dimensional environment of the lung. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) mimic the in vivo environment and bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. We have established the acid injury and repair (AIR) model where a spatially restricted area of tissue is injured using drops of HCl combined with Pluronic gel. Injury and repair are assessed by immuno…

Functional 3D Human Liver Bud Assembled from MSC-Derived Multiple Liver Cell Lineages.

The severe shortage of donor liver organs requires the development of alternative methods to provide transplantable liver tissues such as stem cell-derived organoids. Despite several studies describing the generation of vascularized and functional liver tissues, none have succeeded in assembling human liver buds containing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Here, we report a reproducible, easy-to-follow, and comprehensive self-assembly protocol to generate three-dimensional (3D) human liver buds from naïve mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-derived he…

Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused human respiratory infections with a high case fatality rate since 2012. However, the mode of virus transmission is not well understood. The findings of epidemiological and virological studies prompted us to hypothesize that the human gastrointestinal tract could serve as an alternative route to acquire MERS-CoV infection. We demonstrated that human primary intestinal epithelial cells, small intestine explants, and intestinal organoids were highly susceptible to MERS-CoV and can sustain robust viral replication. We also identifi…

Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria.

Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and … tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. These compos …

Considerations on the development of a model of kidney bioengineering and regeneration in rats.

Evaluation of: Song JJ, Guyette JP, Gilpin SE, Gonzalez G, Vacanti JP, Ott HC. Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a … remains far from our grasp. In the case of the kidney, the bioengineering and regeneration of renal organoids requires a supporting scaffold that approximates the biochemical, spatial and vascular relationships of the native kidney extracellular matrix. A recent report describes the use of rodent kidneys to generate whole organ, three-dimensional scaffolds. …

Photoresponsive Chemistries for User-Directed Hydrogel Network Modulation to Investigate Cell-Matrix Interactions.

Synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field integrating materials and polymer science and engineeri … enesis of primary cells and stem cells, co-cultured cells, and even multicellular constructs (e.g., organoids).Herein, we present examples of how this photochemical toolbox has been used under physiological reaction conditions with spatiotemporal control to answer important biological questions and address medical needs. Specifically, our group has exploite …

Тенденции в области биоинженерии в области репродуктивного здоровья женщин: систематический обзор.

В целях обеспечения оптимальных условий для имплантации и развития плода женская репродуктивная система должна организовывать маточную динамику с помощью соответствующих гормонов, производимых яичниками. Зрелые окиты могут оплодотворяться в фаллопийских трубах, а результирующая зигота переносится к матке, где она может имплантировать и продолжать развиваться. Церковь является физическим барьером для защиты плода на протяжении всей беременности, а влагалище действует как рождение канала (включая механизмы матки и шейки матки) и облегчает совокупление. Рождаемость может быть скомпрометирована па

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: To provide the optimal milieu for implantation and fetal development, the female reproductive system must orchestrate uterine dy … ous bioengineering-related studies of the female reproductive tract. Emerging technologies, such as organoids and bioprinting, offered personalized diagnoses and alternative treatment options, respectively. Promising microfluidic systems combining various bioengineering approaches have also shown translational value. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: The complexity of t …

Type 1 diabetes human enteroid studies reveal major changes in the intestinal epithelial compartment.

Lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal (GI) complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), including altered intestinal transcriptomes and protein expression represents a major gap in the management of these patients. Human enteroids have emerged as a physiologically relevant model of the intestinal epithelium but establishing enteroids from individuals with long-standing T1D has proven difficult. We successfully established duodenal enteroids using endoscopic biopsies from pediatric T1D patients and compared them with aged-matched enteroids from healthy subjects (HS) using

Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional airway basal stem cells.

Airway basal cells play an essential role in the maintenance of the airway epithelium. Here, we provide a detailed directed differentiation protocol to generate ''induced basal cells (iBCs)'' from human pluripotent stem cells. iBCs recapitulate biological and functional properties of airway basal cells including mucociliary differentiation in vitro or in vivo in tracheal xenografts, facilitating the study of inherited and acquired diseases of the airway, as well as potential use in regenerative medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hawkins et

Ultrastructural morphology of mucoid effusion in secretory otitis media.

The ultrastructural morphology of 19 mucoid middle ear effusions in 14 children with secretory otitis media was studied. Phagocytosing neutrophil granulocytes were the most common inflammatory cells, and ingested bacteria were present in some of them. The next in frequency were macrophages and lymphocytes. Monocytes and polyblasts were also present in most specimens. No plasma cells, eosinophil granulocytes or mast cells were seen. Epithelial cells were common, and great numbers of free and phagocytosed mucus granules were found. Considerable numbers of all the celltypes were in various stages

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes.

Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivate

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of submandibular duct cells in culture and modification of outgrowth differentiation by manipulation of calcium ion concentration.

The recognized need for epithelial cell culture models for cystic fibrosis (CF) research has resulted in ongoing efforts to improve normal and CF submandibular duct cell culture capabilities. The duct is most likely the site of the CF defect in this and other exocrine glands. In a previous report conditions required for the successful primary explant culture of normal and CF submandibular glands were outlined; however, terminal keratinization and involution of these cultures were recognized as severe limiting factors to their utilization in CF research. This report explores the effects of calc

Ectromelia virus-induced changes in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes.

Mouse hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion, maintained in non-proliferating monolayer culture and shown to retain liver cell function as judged by gluconeogenesis for 15 to 18 h. Such cells could be infected with and support the replication of a virulent strain of ectromelia virus. Virus antigen and characteristic cytoplasmic 'B'-type poxvirus inclusion bodies were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in virtually all cells. By electron microscopy it was shown that 'B'-type inclusions were the site of virus replication, and that the biogenesis of ectromelia virus and ultrastructura

Lymphocyte-epidermis interactions in malignant epidermotropic lymphomas: I. Ultrastructural aspects.

The interactions between lymphocytes, Langerhals cells and keratinocytes, are described by electron microscopy in cutaneous lesions of malignant epidermotropic lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and Sézary's syndrome). Various contacts are observed between the different cells. During the degenerating process of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells disappear and histiocytic cells are bound to necrosing epidermal cells. The immunological process of Pautrier microabscess formation is discussed by comparison with ultrastructural aspects of cutaneous lecions of G.V.H. reaction in man.

[Role of vacuolar apparatus overload in lysosomal changes in liver cells in acute toxic hepatitis].

Physical and chemical properties of the rat liver lysosomes with single Triton WR 1339 overloading were studied during the administration of a detergent to intact rats and those with acute toxic hepatitis. Administration of the latter to intact animals was accompanied by a reduction of the floating density of the particles, solubilization of the lysosome enzymes and by increased fragility of the particles in the hypotonic medium. Lysosomes of the hepatocytes in rats with toxic hepatitis also displayed signs of overloading of the vacuolar apparatus with the preparation administered. The most pr

Light- and electron microscopic studies in hemoblastosis with CNS-disorder.

Some cases of hemoblastosis with CNS-involvement were investigated by methods of light microscopy, cytochemistry and electronmicroscopy. The unique cell picture, as observed by light microscopy could not be proven by electronmicroscopic results. This fact was supported by comparative investigations of inflammation processes. Typical structures are described and discusses.