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Genetic Risk Surveillance for Invasive Aspergillosis in Hematology Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

IntroductionThe association between genetic background and the risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA) has not been addressed in Thailand. We conducted genetic risk surveillance for IA among Thai hematologic patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study including moderate- to high-risk hematology patients at Ramathibodi Hospital. IA occurrence, relevant clinical data, and genetic analyses were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) of IA were assessed for the presence of the selected single nucleotide polymorphism genotype using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 357 patients were

Antitumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related Basidiomycota mushrooms Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE) and Grifola frondosa (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms' anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. T

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… In 1965, spores from AbM were brought to Japan, where artificial cultivation and large-scale production was undertaken. At the same time, AbM became the subject of extensive medical research, showing notable immunomodulating and tumoricidal effects, primarily in vitro [ 1 , 2 ]. … There is a case report of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis to GF spore after work in a mushroom farm [ 104 ]. Interestingly, HE protein fraction has been found to increase longevity in aged mice by means of antioxidative mechanism [ 76 ]. …

Reviewing efficacy of alternative water treatment techniques.

This section is designed to provide a brief summary of some of the findings. A good deal of work has been conducted by Mr N. L. Pavey and th … ozone, followed by MS 2-coliphage and PhiX 174-coliphage, with L. pneumophila and Bacillus subtilis spores being the most resistant. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

A gene-expression profiling score for prediction of outcome in patients with follicular lymphoma: a retrospective training and validation analysis in three international cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Patients with follicular lymphoma have heterogeneous outcomes. Predictor models to distinguish, at diagnosis, between patients at high and low risk of progression are needed. The objective of this study was to use gene-expression profiling data to build and validate a predictive model of outcome for patients treated in the rituximab era. METHODS: A training set of fresh-frozen tumour biopsies was prospectively obtained from 160 untreated patients with high-tumour-burden follicular lymphoma enrolled in the phase 3 randomised PRIMA trial, in which rituximab maintenance was evaluated

Infectious Diseases

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Molecular diagnostics in cancer patients with suspected respiratory mold infections.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs), including aspergillosis and mucormycosis, are serious complications in cancer patients. Reliable detection of etiologic agents is challenging but important for optimal patient management. In a prospective multicenter study, we compared fungal detection by culture, specific and unspecific qPCRs, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting Aspergillus and Mucorales in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of adult cancer patients with suspected fungal pneumonia. In subgroups of patients, fungal DNA was amplified from serum. We evaluated 210

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… Fluorescence microscopy depicts multiple fields containing fungal structures and clustered cells across separate fluorescence channels with combined overlays capturing hyphae spores and cell groupings across varied sample regions. … While mold hyphae visualized by FISH may actually represent lower respiratory tract infection, the detection of spores of facultative pathogenic and fungi such as A. fumigatus may reflect recent exposure to this ubiquitous mold and may not be an indicator of invasive diseases. …

9th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 11-14 October 2019, Nice, France, Organized under the Auspices of EORTC-IDG and ECMM.

Dear Friends and Colleagues,It is a great honor and pleasure for us to invite you cordially to participate in the 9th Congress on Trends in Medical Mycology (TIMM-9) [...].

The TGF-β/SMAD pathway is an important mechanism for NK cell immune evasion in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of the innate immune system, providing potent antitumor immunity. Here, we show that the tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathway is an important mechanism for NK cell immune evasion in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We characterized NK cells in 50 consecutive children with B-ALL at diagnosis, end induction and during maintenance therapy compared with age-matched controls. ALL-NK cells at diagnosis had an inhibitory phenotype associated with impaired function, most notably interferon-γ production and cytotoxicity. By mai

Leveraging the bacteria for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: from a perspective of synthetic biology.

In recent years, synthetic biology has been widely applied to engineer and program cellular behaviors. Using this approach, bacteria can be designed to express immunotherapeutic agents, improve tumor targeting, and deliver therapeutic payloads directly to tumor sites. To further improve efficacy, strategies such as hypoxia-responsive promoters, bacterial swarming, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated, along with the synergistic effects of combining bacterial therapy with other treatments (e.g., photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors). This review su

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… C novyi-NT spores induce tumor regression in canine trials at 2014. … The role of bacterial toxins and spores in cancer therapy . Life Sci . 2019 ; 235 : 116839 . doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116839 . 31499068 76. Ciesielski-Treska J , Ulrich G , Rihn B , Aunis D . …

Birtamimab plus standard of care in light-chain amyloidosis: the phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled VITAL trial.

Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare, typically fatal disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). Birtamimab is an investigational humanized monoclonal antibody designed to neutralize toxic LC aggregates and deplete insoluble organ-deposited amyloid via macrophage-induced phagocytosis. VITAL was a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of birtamimab + standard of care (SOC) in 260 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with AL amyloidosis. Patients received 24 mg/kg IV birt

Canine Cancer: Strategies in Experimental Therapeutics.

Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. Many features of spontaneously developing tumors in pet dogs contribute to their potential utility as a human disease model. These include similar environmental exposures, similar clonal evolution as it applies to important factors such as immune avoidance, a favorable body size for imaging and serial biopsy, and a relatively contracted time course of disease progression, which makes evaluation of temporal endpoints such as progression free or overall survival feasible in a comparatively short time frame. These criteria have been leverage

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… These include attenuated Clostridium spores ( 46 ), and various intralesional gene therapy approaches ( 47 – 50 ). In many of these studies, serial biopsy was performed to evaluate and characterize immune infiltrates and/or confirm transgene expression. … Intratumoral injection of Clostridium novyi-NT spores induces antitumor responses . Sci Transl Med . ( 2014 ) 6 : 249ra111 . 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008982 25122639 PMC4399712 47. Dow SW Elmslie RE Willson AP Roche L Gorman C Potter TA . …

Phase II study of the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway has been implicated in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma, and c-MET inhibitors induce myeloma cell apoptosis, suggesting that they could be useful clinically. We conducted a phase II study with the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib in patients with relapsed, or relapsed and refractory myeloma whose disease had progressed after one to four prior therapies. Tivantinib, 360 mg orally per dose, was administered twice daily continuously over a 4-week treatment cycle without a cap on the number of allowed cycles, barring undue toxicities or disease progression.

Resistance in human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi: prevalence, underlying molecular mechanisms and link to the use of antifungals in humans and the environment.

Antifungal drug resistance is a multifaceted clinical challenge, and when present, a primary cause of treatment failure in patients with sev … cern is evident because the route of infection is through inhalation of potentially azole resistant spores. Still, recent environmental surveys were unable to detect azole resistant A. fumigatus in numerous soil samples but seasonal variations could be one explanation for this paradox. Paper VI was a retrospective laboratory-based study and aimed to eluc …

10th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 8 to 11 October 2021, Aberdeen, Scotland, Organized by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM).

Plenary Sessions: [...].

How I approach smoldering multiple myeloma.

The current standard of care in smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is close surveillance, outside of clinical trials. Efforts are being made to understand the pathobiologic process that leads to the progression of SMM to active MM. This review provides a critical description of available data, including risk factors and risk models of progression, as well as clinical trials investigating interventions for this patient population. We describe 2 cases in which patients were seen before the concept of a myeloma-defining event was established. Today, based on the International Myeloma Working Group

Next-Generation Sequencing of DDX41 in Myeloid Neoplasms Leads to Increased Detection of Germline Alterations.

Previously considered rare, inherited hematologic malignancies are increasingly identified. Germline mutations in the RNA helicase DDX41 predispose to increased lifetime risks of myeloid neoplasms with disease often occurring later in life which presents challenges for germline recognition. To improve identification of germline DDX41, individuals presenting with ≥1 DDX41 alteration on an institutional MDS/AML next-generation sequencing based panel with at least one at >40% variant allele frequency were flagged for review and genetic counseling referral. Of 5,801 individuals, 90 (1.5%) had ≥1 D

Infant Botulism.

AUDIENCE: This oral board case is appropriate for emergency medicine residents and medical students (with senior resident assistance) on eme … ccounts for approximately 70% of new cases annually.2 Caused by Clostridium botulinum, the inactive spores are ingested by the infant and germinate in the large intestine.3,4 The resulting neurotoxin prevents the release of acetylcholine at the presynaptic membrane which results in flaccid paralysis. Classically, the bulbar musculature is affected before …

Association of genetic ancestry with outcomes and toxicity of idecabtagene vicleucel in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

The association of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with Actinomyces spp. infection.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a complication of bisphosphonate treatment that responds poorly to standard treatment. In a retrospective cohort study we investigated a possible role of Actinomyces spp. in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Deep biopsies of necrotic bone were collected during surgical treatment of MRONJ and evaluated by histology and microbiology for the presence of Actinomyces spp. Microbiological, demographic and clinicpathological data were analyzed for risk of Actinomyces-associated MRONJ. Between 2005 and 2014, 111 patients suffering from histologic

CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cells represent a novel cell therapy platform distinguished from CAR T cells by their more favorable safety profile, easier off-the-shelf allogeneic manufacturing and consequent scalability, and their innate cytotoxicity without needing previous sensitization. CAR-NK cells derived from a variety of sources have been used against hematologic malignancies in several clinical trials, showing significant therapeutic responses and efficacy without severe adverse effects. Limitations that are being addressed in CAR-NK cell therapy include c