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Perforin-dependent neurologic injury in a viral model of multiple sclerosis.

In this study we demonstrate perforin-mediated cytotoxic effector function is necessary for viral clearance and may directly contribute to the development of neurologic deficits after demyelination in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of multiple sclerosis. We previously demonstrated major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I-deficient (beta2m-deficient) mice with an otherwise resistant genotype develop severe demyelination with minimal neurologic disease when chronically infected with TMEV. These studies implicate CD8(+) T cells as the pathogenic cell in the induct…

Pathogenesis of chronic progressive myelopathy associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) induces a chronic demyelinating disease known as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spast … ts in a specific immune response and demyelination, as is known to occur in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 3) The bystander damage hypothesis does not implicate a specific response against CNS cells. Instead this hypothesis suggests that the presence of IFN-gamma-secreting HTLV-I-infected CD4 T cells and their recognition by virally specific CD8 T cells …

A serological indication of the existence of a guineapig poliovirus.

Attempts were made to clarify whether laboratory guineapigs may harbour a poliovirus which, in 1911, was described as the cause of a disease called guineapig lameness. By the use of ELISA for antibodies against the poliovirus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), it was shown that two pet shop guineapigs suffering from lameness had extremely high titres against poliovirus, while healthy guineapigs from the same pet shop were negative. Clearly positive results were also found in 35 out of 152 laboratory guineapig sera. Positive results were found in only two out of six breeding cent…

A KETOGENIC DIET PROMOTES BLOOD-SPINAL CORD BARRIER RESEALING TO DECREASE SPINAL CORD IMMUNE CELL INFILTRATION IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

We previously reported that a medium chain triglyceride and W-3 fatty acid rich ketogenic diet (KD) restores vision and motor functions to mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The studies reported here use immune cell profiling to identify the mechanisms underlying this efficacy. We show here that the diet dramatically reduces the infiltration of CD45 HI immune cells into the spinal cords of EAE mice when fed for 2 weeks beginning at symptom onset. This reduction was preceded by an increase of myeloid cells in the bloo…

The therapeutic effects of the VEGF decoy receptor fusion protein VEGF-Grab in chronic inflammatory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Placental growth factor (PlGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis ( … in vivo, mouse models of inflammatory and autoimmune arthritis, as well as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), were utilised. FINDINGS: Our results indicate that VEGF-Grab exerted significant inhibitory effects across various animal models of autoimmune diseases, targeting abnormal angiogenesis, cartilage invasion, and pathogenic Th17 cells. Furtherm …

Matrix metalloprotease-9 modulates microglial/macrophage responses in murine brain demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system targets the protective myelin sheath surrounding axons … n breakdown, epitope generation, and leukocyte infiltration. In the in vivo experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) murine MS models, Mmp9-/- mice exhibited delayed resolution of disease symptoms, suggesting a role for MMP-9 in remyelination. In this study, we investigated the role of MMP-9 in demyelination and remyelination, usi …

Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: Four case reports.

BACKGROUND: Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), also known as Weston-Hurst syndrome, is a very rare and fulminant form of demyelinating disorder. It is considered a hyperacute and severe variant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Clinically, patients present with fever, headache, seizures, and altered sensorium, which can rapidly progress to coma or death. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice and plays a pivotal role in diagnosing AHLE. The purpose of this article is to make readers familiar with the typical MRI features of AHLE and to discuss different…

В модели Mouse EAE используется механизм иммуносиппрессии двухфункциональных пептидных ингибиторов.

Лица, у которых диагностирован множественный склероз (MS), аутоиммунное заболевание, страдают как физическими, так и когнитивными нарушениями вследствие дегенерации милиновых ножей вокруг нейронов, вызванных автоматически реактивными Т клетками и антителами. Нынешняя терапия MS, основанная на иммунно-прессантах, часто приводит к системному подавлению иммунного иммунитета, известному как иммунная терпимость, что приводит к побочным эффектам, включая риск инфицирования и злоумышленничества. Ранее мы сообщали о двухфункциональных ингибиторах пептида (ВПИ), которые могут стимулировать иммунную тер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease, experience both physical and cognitive impairments due to the deg … ic immune tolerance and suppress disease progression in a mouse MS model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). While BPIs showed similar effectiveness via different routes of administration including intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and intraperitoneal (IP), whether the route of administration, specifically, mediates immunosuppressive mechanisms u …

Оценка взаимодействия между седловатыми стержневыми клетками Уортона и β-Меркаптоэтанолом.

ЦЕЛЬ: Железные мезенхимальные стволовые клетки Уортона (WJ-MSC) являются саморегенеративными и способными дифференцировать в многопоточные стволовые клетки. Могут существовать различные источники мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСЦ), задействованных в механизме ремонта поврежденных тканей в организме. WJ-MSC могут проводить различие между остеоцитами, хондроцитами, адипоцитами и миокитными клетками. Кроме того, MSC показывает нейрозащитное воздействие на нейроны. В настоящее время многие методы нейрорегенеративного лечения МСЦ доказали свою эффективность. Исследования показали, что МСЦ в боль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are self-regenerative and able to differentiate into multipotent stem cell … europrotective effect in multiple diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute spinal cord injury and encephalomyelitis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the neuronal markers of stem cells after incubation with β-mercaptoethanol (BME). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, WJ-MSCs were thawed in a water bath at 37°C and cultivated in cell culture dishes. …

A review of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuroimmune conditions, acute COVID-19 infection, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 Syndrome.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulatory therapy that has been studied in several neuroimmune conditions, such as Guillain-B … more, IVIG has shown benefits in another condition which has symptomatic overlap with PASC, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), though studies have yielded mixed results. It is important to note that IVIG can be associated with several potential adverse effects, such as anaphylaxis, headaches, thrombosis, liver enzyme elevations and renal c …

Edaravone dexborneol promotes M2 microglia polarization against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Edaravone dexborneol (ED) is a novel neuroprotective compound that consists of two active ingredients, edaravone and ( +)-borneol in a 4:1 ratio, which has been shown the anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the effect of ED on the polarization of microglia in neuroinflammation has not been elucidated. This study was to investigate the effects of ED on the polarization of microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and potential mechanisms. BV-2 microglial cells were incubated with ED (100, 200, and …

Management and outcomes of pediatric optic neuritis in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Although pediatric optic neuritis (PON) is a rare condition, current advancements in its diagnosis, investigation, and treatment … s (MS), 1(9.1%) had neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 1 (9.1%) had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and 3 (27.2%) had myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease (MOGAD). Despite poor vision at presentation, most of the patients improved, 81.1% achieved a BCVA of ≥ 20/40, and 36.6% attained 20/20 visual acuity. Fou …

Peripherally derived myeloid cells induce disease-dependent phenotypic changes in microglia.

In central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease, peripherally derived myeloid cells infiltrate the CNS parenchyma and interact with resid … type and timing. We isolated peripheral myeloid cells from mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis, or acute cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) at different times after disease and probed their ability to change the phenotype of primary microglia isolated from the brain of …

COVID-19 and Crossed Eye: A Case Report and Literature Review.

This study aims to report a case of neuro-ophthalmic manifestation in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient and a literature review … ial nerve palsies, acute vision loss, Miller Fisher syndrome, myasthenia gravis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and cerebrovascular events. Diagnosing neuro-ophthalmic complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection is challenging, as there are no pathognomonic symptoms to detect the disease. High clinic …

Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

BACKGROUND: Fatigue, exertion intolerance and post-exertional malaise are among the most frequent symptoms of Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS), with a subset of patients fulfilling criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). As SARS-CoV-2 infects endothelial cells, causing endotheliitis and damaging the endothelium, we investigated endothelial dysfunction (ED) and endothelial biomarkers in patients with PCS. METHODS: We studied the endothelial function in 30 PCS patients with persistent fatigue and exertion intolerance as well as in 15 age- and sex matched seronegative …

Two-year follow-up of a young male with possible acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare but fetal fulminant demyelinating disease of unknown etiology. It is commonly regarded as a severe variant of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Its rapid clinical deterioration and high mortality appeal to clinicians to attach importance to early diagnosis. Immunosuppressive therapy is the main management to attenuate the autoimmune process, but with varied response and prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A young male presented with moderate fever, headache and seizures after extraction of impacted teeth, and then deteriorat…

Genetic diversity of Chlamydia pecorum detected in sheep flocks from Mexico.

Chlamydia pecorum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is associated with reproductive and systemic diseases in sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and koalas. The main conditions include polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalomyelitis, orchitis, placentitis, and abortion. Even though there are several studies showing that C. pecorum infections are widely spread in the world, in Mexico there are no reports. During 2016, as part of a sheep restocking program in Mexico, sheep were imported from New Zealand. Briefly after their arrival in the herds in the State of Mexico, these sh…

[Recurrence factors for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease in children and the effect of recurrence prevention regimens].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and recurrence factors of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease in children a … e and after treatment with prevention regimens. RESULTS: For these 41 children, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was the most common initial manifestation and was observed in 23 children (56%). Of the 41 children, 22 (54%) experienced recurrence, with 57 recurrence events in total, among which optic neuritis was the most common event (17/57, 30%). The proporti …

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: Current Insights into the Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare, antibody-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with various phenotypes starting from optic neuritis, via transverse myelitis to acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and cortical encephalitis. Even though sometimes the clinical picture of this condition is similar to the presentation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), most experts consider MOGAD as a distinct entity with different immune system pathology. MOG is a molecule detected on the outer membr…

Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6 infections in patients with myalgic еncephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling multisystem chronic disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of ME/CFS are unknown. Infections of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) are suspected as etiological agents for ME/CFS. This study aims to estimate prevalence and type (active/latent) of EBV, CMV, and HHV-6 infections in Bulgarian ME/CFS patients. In the study were included 58 patients with ME/CFS and 50 healthy controls. Virus-specific antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and viral genomic s…