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Social-Emotional Functioning and Quality of Life in Language Disorders: A Systematic Review of Development From Childhood to Adolescence.

BACKGROUND: It is well-established that children and adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) have social-emotional difficulties. This is reflected in their behaviour, for instance, by (social) withdrawal, hyperactivity or difficulty with peer relations. Children with DLD are also known to have poorer quality of life (QoL). This is likely to be related to social-emotional difficulties, for both concern similar developmental domains but from a different point of view. Findings on the social-emotional abilities, QoL and predictors thereof in children with DLD are inconsistent acros…

Pediatricians' Knowledge of Bilingualism and Provision of Culturally Responsive Care for Latine Dual Language Learners: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: Pediatricians are the first professionals to provide guidance about language development to families with young children and referrals for those who may have a language or communication disorder. One-quarter of children in the United States are dual language learners (DLLs), yet there is little information about pediatrician's readiness to provide culturally and linguistically responsive care for these children. This pilot study sought to examine pediatricians' knowledge of bilingual language development and its relation to the provision of language and literacy promotion and developm…

Use of Whole-genome Sequencing in a Tuberculosis Outbreak among Young Immigrants in a Japanese Language School, 2024.

BACKGROUND: In early April 2024, three Nepalese students (Pt1-Pt3) in the morning classes of a Japanese language school in Western Japan were diagnosed with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The smear status of Pt1 and Pt3 was 3+, whereas Pt2 was scanty positive. This study aims at describing cases with active TB as well as latent TB infection (LTBI) in this outbreak. METHODS: The outbreak cases are epidemiologically described in terms of time, place, and person. RESULTS: An intensive contact investigation using chest X-rays found 13 cases with active TB as of January 2025. …

Перевод и утверждение персидской версии вопросника по оценке коммуникации и языка для лиц с множественным склерозом (P-CLAMS).

ЦЕЛЬ: Лица с множественным склерозом (МС) могут столкнуться с изменениями в области коммуникации, которые могут существенно повлиять на качество их жизни. Для изучения этих проблем и оказания помощи в их решении меры, о которых сообщают пациенты, могут быть ценными инструментами как в области исследований, так и в области клинической практики. Они могут помочь отслеживать прогресс в развитии симптомов, поддерживать ориентированный на пациента уход, оценивать эффективность предоставляемых услуг и дополнять клинические оценки. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы перевести и подтвердить

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OBJECTIVE: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) can experience communication changes, which can significantly impact their quality of life. … ssessments. This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Communication and Language Assessment Questionnaire for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (P-CLAMS). METHOD: The adaptation and translation of the questionnaire occurred in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation and (2) validity and reliability. The final version …

Challenges and barriers to WIC participation vary by participation status and language: Findings from focus groups in Missouri.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one of the largest federal food and nutrition program serving women and young children and has a low coverage rate of about 50 percent. There is no peer-reviewed article that compares maternal perceptions of challenges and barriers to WIC participation by language and participation status. We compare challenges and barriers faced by English-speaking mothers to those faced by Spanish-speaking mothers to enrollment and retention in WIC within each group: current participants (n = 43), prior participants (dropout…

The transition from vision to language: Distinct patterns of functional connectivity for subregions of the visual word form area.

Reading entails transforming visual symbols to sound and meaning. This process depends on specialized circuitry in the visual cortex, the visual word form area (VWFA). Recent findings suggest that this text-selective cortex comprises at least two distinct subregions: the more posterior VWFA-1 is sensitive to visual features, while the more anterior VWFA-2 processes higher level language information. Here, we explore whether these two subregions also exhibit different patterns of functional connectivity. To this end, we capitalize on two complementary datasets: Using the Natural Scenes Dataset …

Involvement of the anterior insula and frontal operculum during wh-question comprehension of wh-in-situ Korean language.

In this research, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neurological basis for understanding wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages such as Korean, where wh-elements maintain their original positions instead of moving explicitly within the sentence. Our hypothesis centered on the role of the salience and attention network in comprehending wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages, such as the discernment of wh-elements, the demarcation between interrogative types, and the allocation of cognitive resources towards essential constituents vis-à-vis subordinate elements …

Validation of Polish-Language Questionnaires for Assessing the Quality of Life of Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD-QOL).

In recent years, questionnaires were published in English to assess the quality of life of patients with PCD (Primary Ciliary Diskinesia) for adults, adolescents aged 13-17 years, and children aged 6-12 years and their caregivers. This study aimed to prepare Polish versions of the questionnaires and validate them in specific age groups with the participation of Polish patients with PCD. The individual questionnaires were translated and discussed with the involvement of the creator of the original questionnaire in English. Patients completed the questionnaires according to their affiliation wit

Use of natural language understanding to facilitate surgical de-escalation of axillary staging in patients with breast cancer.

Natural language understanding (NLU) may be particularly well-equipped for enhanced data capture from the electronic health record (EHR) given its examination of both content- and context-driven extraction. We developed and applied a NLU model to examine rates of pathological node positivity (pN+) and rates of lymphedema to determine if omission of routine axillary staging could be extended to younger patients with ER+/cN0 disease. We found that rates of pN+ and arm lymphedema were similar between patients 55-69yo and ≥70yo, with rates of lymphedema exceeding rates of pN+ for clinical stage T1…

Evaluation of the quality and readability of ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions about myopia in traditional Chinese language.

INTRODUCTION: ChatGPT can serve as an adjunct informational tool for ophthalmologists and their patients. However, the reliability and readability of its responses to myopia-related queries in the Chinese language remain underexplored. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of ChatGPT to address frequently asked questions (FAQs) about myopia by parents and caregivers. METHOD: Myopia-related FAQs were input three times into fresh ChatGPT sessions, and the responses were evaluated by 10 ophthalmologists using a Likert scale for appropriateness, usability, and clarity. The Chinese Re…

Differentiating Language for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A Practice-Informed Framework for Auditory and Visual Supports.

PURPOSE: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serving students who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (Deaf/hh) and their deaf education counterparts must navigate complexities in language that include modalities that are spoken or signed and proficiency, which is often compromised. This tutorial describes a practice-informed framework that conceptualizes and organizes a continuum of auditory and visual language supports with the aim of informing the practice of the SLP whose training is more inherently focused on spoken language alone, as well as the practice of the teacher of the Deaf/hh (TDHH) wh…

Geometry in the brain optimized for sign language - A unique role of the anterior superior parietal lobule in deaf signers.

Geometry has been identified as a cognitive domain where deaf individuals exhibit relative strength, yet the neural mechanisms underlying geometry processing in this population remain poorly understood. This fMRI study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of geometry processing in deaf and hearing individuals. Twenty-two adult deaf signers and 25 hearing non-signers completed a geometry decision task. We found no group differences in performance, while there were some differences in parietal activation. As expected, the posterior superior parietal lobule (SPL) was recruited for both grou

Examining the Language and Communication Factors of a Deaf Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder from an Immigrant Korean Family.

Extant research on learners who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing with disabilities who come from Asian immigrant families is extremely sparse. The authors conducted an intrinsic case study of a deaf student with autism who comes from a Korean immigrant family. To acquire a comprehensive understanding of language and communication characteristics, they analyzed (a) interview data of three administrators who worked with the student and family and (b) school documents/reports issued to the parents. Themes are reported across the three components of the tri-focus framework (Siegel-Causey & Bashin…

Title and abstract screening for literature reviews using large language models: an exploratory study in the biomedical domain.

BACKGROUND: Systematically screening published literature to determine the relevant publications to synthesize in a review is a time-consuming and difficult task. Large language models (LLMs) are an emerging technology with promising capabilities for the automation of language-related tasks that may be useful for such a purpose. METHODS: LLMs were used as part of an automated system to evaluate the relevance of publications to a certain topic based on defined criteria and based on the title and abstract of each publication. A Python script was created to generate structured prompts consisting…

`It's not just linguistically, there's much more going on': The experiences and practices of bilingual paediatric speech and language therapists in the UK.

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of bilingualism in the United Kingdom, few speech and language therapists (SLTs) are bilingual themselves. Most SLT research on bilingualism has generated knowledge to inform service delivery for bilingual clients, but few studies have investigated how being a bilingual SLT influences one's professional experiences and practices. Better understanding the unique positionality of bilingual SLTs can yield critical insights to meaningfully address issues of diversity, inclusion and equity in the profession. AIMS: To investigate the experiences and practices…

Evaluation of Psychometric Proprieties of Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) in Italian Language: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) in post-stroke individuals. The original MASA scale was translated and culturally adapted from English to Italian following the international guidelines. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MASA-IT were assessed, and its concurrent validity was examined through Pearson correlation coefficients with the Italian versions of two established gold standard scales for dysphagia assessment:

Machine learning and natural language processing to assess the emotional impact of influencers' mental health content on Instagram.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine, through artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, the emotional impact generated by disclosures about mental health on social media. In contrast to previous research, which primarily focused on identifying psychopathologies, our study investigates the emotional response to mental health-related content on Instagram, particularly content created by influencers/celebrities. This platform, especially favored by the youth, is the stage where these influencers exert significant social impact, and where their analysis holds strong relevance. Anal

Limited Availability and Readability of Spanish Language Patient Educational Material: A Review of the Nation's Top Children's Hospitals.

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital facial pathology that occurs at higher incidences in Hispanic communiti … using spanish orthgraphic length (Spanish Orthographic Length), the SMOG converted for the Spanish language. Unpaired 2-tailed t tests were used to compare readability. Of a total of 85 pediatric hospitals, 28 (37.3%) had Spanish PEM. Five (6.7%) hospitals created their own Spanish-language document. The average spanish orthgraphic length reading level wa …