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Host impairments in patients with neoplastic diseases.

Healthy individuals possess an immune system comprising physical barriers, innate and acquired immunity as well as the indigenous microflora that populate the body surfaces. The immune system maintains constant vigilance over the body at the cellular level as well as at the interface between the host integument and the resident microflora. However, neoplastic diseases and their treatment often lead to impaired immunity resulting in an increased risk of infections due to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This chapter explores the various aspects of host impairment focusing on the componen

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… Aspiration and inhalation of spores and hyphal elements of Aspergillus spp. and other molds permit colonization of the sinuses and bronchial tree, which may extend into the alveolar spaces, resulting in invasive disease that is often fatal. … Most of the microbial flora is densely distributed around the surfaces of the oral cavity and the large bowel, where scores of different microorganisms, including spirochetes, spore formers, bacilli, and cocci, compete for the available surfaces and nutrients. …

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum sensitizes ovarian cancer to cisplatin by ROS/ERK signaling and attenuates chemotherapy-related toxicity Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 826716 10.3389/fphar.2022.826716 35264959 PMC8900012 147. Thimmaraju A. Govindan S. … Ganoderma lucidum spore oil induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9 J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020 247 112256 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112256 31586690 156. Haque M.A. Reza A.A. Nasrin M.S. Rahman M.A. …

Координаты времени и пространства лимфомы Ходжкина в Сардинии, Италия.

Эпидемиологическое исследование лимфомы (HL) Ходжкина среди генетически специфического населения Итальянского острова Сардиния может дать интересные этиологические подсказки. Мы использовали базу данных 1974-2003 Случаи гематологических заболеваний в Сардинии и Байесе в целях изучения временн*х тенденций и географического распределения случаев заболевания ГЛ в разбивке по полу и возрасту ≤44 или ≥45 Годы. Мы также проверили ее связь с рядом социально-экономических и экологических факторов риска. Результаты: Возрастной и гендерный стандартный (мировое население) показатель распространенности ВИ

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… Residence in proximity of industrial or military settlements or cork harvesting farms, a possible source of airborne mold spores, also did not affect risk. …

Combination therapy with novel agents for acute myeloid leukaemia: Insights into treatment of a heterogenous disease.

The treatment landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is evolving rapidly. Venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy or doublets or triplets with targeted or immune therapies is the focus of numerous ongoing trials. The development of mutation-targeted therapies has greatly enhanced the treatment armamentarium, with FLT3 inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors improving outcomes in frontline and relapsed/refractory (RR) AML, and menin inhibitors showing efficacy in RR NPM1mut and KMT2A-rearranged AML. With so many new drugs approved, the number of potential combinator

Innovations in cancer treatment as novel potential and the myth of personalized vaccines, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy as promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, tailored vaccines, immunotherapy, and bacteriotherapy, have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing various types of cancer. However, the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies remains challenged by significant obstacles, including toxicity to healthy tissues, limited penetration into malignant tissues, and the potential for tumor cell resistance to pharmacological agents. This study explored the potential of tailored vaccinations, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy for cancer treatment. Randomized and n

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… types of cancers Treatment Options | Types of bacteria | Results | References Immunotherapeutic agents | Streptococcus pyogenes , Clostridium spp , Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium | Rapid tumor regression Reduced frequency of cancer Tumor regression An antitumor effect | [ 162 ] Vectors/spores … tumors | [ 163 ] Bacterial toxins/enzymes | Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium , Streptococci and Serratia marcescens , Serratia marcescens (Coley’s Toxin) E coli BM2-1 strain) | Vaccine as an adjuvant against different types of cancer. | [ 164 ] [ 165 ] Clostridium novyi-NT | Injection 3 × 108 spores …

Risk of rehospitalization due to Clostridioides difficile infection among hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile: a cohort study.

BackgroundReducing rehospitalization has been a primary focus of hospitals and payors. Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is common and often results in rehospitalization. Factors that influence rehospitalization for CDI are not well understood.ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors that influence rehospitalization caused by CDI.DesignA retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, of patients aged ≥18 who tested positive for C. difficile while hospitalized.SettingAcademic hospital.MethodsThe risk of rehospitalization was assessed across exposures d

Defining cure in multiple myeloma: a comparative study of outcomes of young individuals with myeloma and curable hematologic malignancies.

Advances in therapy in recent years have led investigators to challenge the dogma that multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable. We assessed overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of young patients ( ≤ 50 years) with MM and compared outcomes with follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). All patients ≤ 50 years with newly diagnosed MM (n = 212), FL (n = 168), DLBCL (n = 195), and HL (n = 233) between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015 were included. Observed vs. expected survival was summarized by standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Compa

Клинические характеристики и прогностические факторы инфекции Клостридий перфрингенов, осложненные массовым внутриваскулярным гемолизом у пациентов с гематологическими заболеваниями: ретроспективное тематическое исследование.

С пищевым отравлением и газовой гангреной обычно ассоциируются анаэробные бактерии с положительным гравием Clostridium perfringens (CP). В редких случаях он может вызывать смертельный массовый внутриваскулярный гемолиз (MIH) — состояние, связанное с чрезвычайно высокой смертностью, которое создает серьезную клиническую проблему. Ретроспективный анализ был проведен с использованием смертельного случая T-лимфоболической лимфомы/лейкемии, осложненной острым гемолизом, связанным с ХП, который лечился в нашем центре в ноябре 2024 , а также сообщения о связанных с КП MIG пациентах-гематологах с янва

Randomized controlled trial of geriatric consultation versus standard care in older adults with hematologic malignancies.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial in older adults with hematologic malignancies to determine the impact of geriatrician consultation embedded in our oncology clinic alongside standard care. From February 2015 to May 2018, transplant-ineligible patients aged ≥75 years who presented for initial consultation for lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, USA) were eligible. Pre-frail and frail patients, classified based on phenotypic and deficit-accumulation approaches, were randomized to receive either standard oncologic care with or without con

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting PICC catheter-related bloodstream infection among patients with hematologic malignancies.

PurposeTo identify risk factors for PICC-related bloodstream infections (PICC-CRBSI) in patients with hematologic malignancies and to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for clinical risk assessment.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 764 patients with hematologic malignancy who had PICC from a tertiary center (2021-2024). LASSO regression identified key predictors after addressing class imbalance via SMOTE-NC in the training set (n = 534). A multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a predictive nomogram, subsequently validated in a validation set (n = 230). Mo

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… Staphylococcus capitis 2 2.04 Staphylococcus hominis 4 4.08 Staphylococcus epidermidis 3 3.06 Enterococcus faecalis 2 2.04 Enterococcus faecium 4 4.08 Enterococcus avium 1 1.02 Micrococcus luteus 1 1.02 Streptococcus oralis 3 3.06 Fungi 6 6.12 Candida albicans 2 2.04 Candida tropicalis 1 1.02 Fungal spores … hominis | 4 | 4.08 Staphylococcus epidermidis | 3 | 3.06 Enterococcus faecalis | 2 | 2.04 Enterococcus faecium | 4 | 4.08 Enterococcus avium | 1 | 1.02 Micrococcus luteus | 1 | 1.02 Streptococcus oralis | 3 | 3.06 Fungi | 6 | 6.12 | Candida albicans | 2 | 2.04 Candida tropicalis | 1 | 1.02 Fungal spores …

Effect of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with cerebral microbleeds and analysis of risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and analyze the risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 220 patients with CMB within the first 4.5 h after the onset of acute ischemic stroke treated in our hospital from September 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Then, these patients were evenly assigned into two groups based on whether the intravenous thrombolysis

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… The typical clinical presentation follows the inhalation of fungal spores, leading to angioinvasion of the rhinosinusal and orbital tissues. Patients often present with orbital cellulitis, ophthalmoplegia, sinusitis, and necrotic eschars on the oral mucosa, particularly on the palate. …

Fc Epsilon RI-Neuroimmune Interplay in Pruritus Triggered by Particulate Matter in Atopic Dermatitis Patients.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic relapsing neuroinflammatory skin disease that is characterized by a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. It reflects a profound interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and a recently disclosed neuroimmune dysregulation that drives skin barrier disruption, pruritus, and microbial imbalance. In terms of the key external environmental players that impact AD, air quality and itch severity linkage have been thoroughly researched. The impact of ambient air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) and AD pruritic exacerbation h

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… Course PM comes from mechanical shearing, resuspended dust, and bioaerosols, such as spores and pollen, while fine PM is sourced from biomass burning, fuel combustion, and from secondary particles that result from the transformation of gaseous precursors in the atmosphere [ 26 ]. …

Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising modern immunotherapeutic strategy, offering advantages over CAR-T cell therapy due to their innate cytotoxicity, safety profile, and potential for scalable, off-the-shelf allogeneic manufacturing. CAR-NK cells can be generated from multiple sources, with recent clinical studies demonstrating notable efficacy and lack of severe toxicity in hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, the translation of this success to solid tumors is hampered by limited NK cell persistence, trafficking and infiltration c

Bone turnover markers can predict healing time in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

OBJECTIVES: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe and difficult-to-treat adverse event of bone-modifying agents. Therefore predictive strategies determining patients at risk for a prolonged healing duration are needed to optimize treatment. Thus, the present study evaluates whether or not bone turnover markers can be used to predict the healing duration in MRONJ patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a retrospective data analysis of patients suffering from MRONJ and positive histology for Actinomyces spp., who were identified at the General Hospital Vi

Infections in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

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… Environmental exposure to airborne dusts and fungal spores can inoculate the sinuses or respiratory tree. Prophylactic antibiotic therapies and nutritional changes can deplete commensal and potentially protective elements of the cutaneous and intestinal microbiome. … HEPA filters are capable of removing particles greater than 0.2 µm in diameter, such as mold spores. The patient's room is continuously maintained at positive pressure in relation to the corridor, which enhances the barrier effect. …

The Inclusion of Dietary and Medicinal Mushrooms into Translational Oncology: Pros and Cons at the Molecular Level.

Mushrooms are valued for their nutritional qualities and have been used in traditional medicine since the Neolithic era. They exhibit various bioactivities, including antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. The anticancer effects arise via direct action on tumor cells and indirect modulation of the immune system; the latter is the predominant mechanism. Numerous studies indicate that various mushroom species are potent immunostimulants because their cell wall polysaccharides and proteoglycans are recognized by intestinal immune cells. This enhances antitumor

Longitudinal Swallowing and Salivary Changes With CLR 131 and Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) often present with severe, persistent dysphagia and xerostomia following prior chemoradiation. Although swallowing impairments and salivary dysfunction have been reported in this population, prior longitudinal studies have not examined changes in salivary composition or how these changes relate to swallowing physiology. PURPOSE: This study characterized longitudinal changes in swallowing and salivary function-including composition-following treatment with CLR 131, a novel tumor-selective radiotherapeutic, combined with external be

Диметил фумарат отменяет гепатоцеллюлярный карциномный рост, подавляя ось Nrf2/Bcl-xL и повышая эффективность сорафениба.

Гепатоклеточная карцинома (ГК) характеризуется плохим прогнозом и остается одной из основных причин смертности от рака во всем мире. Усовершенствованный КЦУК регулируется несколькими методами лечения первой линии, включая ингибиторы тиросина киназы (TKI) и иммунную терапию (mAb-PD-1 и mAb-VEGF). Вместе с тем эффективность лечения КЦХВ зачастую недолговечна. Недавние исследования показали, что активация траектории Nrf2-Bcl-xL способствует плохому прогнозу у группы пациентов с КЦХВ. Здесь мы обнаружили, что диметилфумарат (DMF), лекарство, используемое для лечения псориаза и множественного склер

References

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Bioactivity of the Genus Turnera: A Review of the Last 10 Years.

Turnera is a genus of plants whose biological activity has been widely studied. The importance of this genus, particularly Turnera diffusa, as a source of treatment for various conditions is evidenced by the large number of new studies that have evaluated its biological activity. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to compile the information published in the last ten years concerning the biological activities reported for Turnera spp. The present work includes 92 publications that evaluate 29 bioactivities and toxicological and genotoxic information on five species of this genus. Amo

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… Tapia et al. evaluated the antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of the leaf and stem of T. diffusa by inhibition assays of the enzyme endo 1,3-β glucanase, involved in the synthesis of the fungal wall in some fungi, and inhibition of Botrytis cinerea spores. … Furthermore, at a concentration of 100 mM, apigenin can completely inhibit the germination of B. cinerea spores, while luteolin does so by 90% at the same concentration [ 98 ]. Ong et al. evaluated the antifungal activity of six extracts of T. subulata on different fungal species. …