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Дисфункция мозгового барьера (BBB) в заболеваниях CNS: уделение внимания перицитам.

Дизфункция мозгового барьера (BBB) является важным патологическим механизмом в заболеваниях центральной нервной системы (CNS) и может вызвать ряд патологических реакций, таких, как нейроинфламмационная реакция, окислительный стресс, иммунная инфильтрация и т.д., что усугубляет повреждение мозга. Вместе с тем исследователи часто игнорируют перициты, и ни одно обзорное исследование пока еще не подытожило механизм, с помощью которого перициты способствуют дисфункции ББД в заболеваниях КНС.Поэтому в настоящем обзоре изучается патофизиология дисфункции ББД в связи с заболеваниями КНС и содержится п

Chemotherapy-Mediated Complications of Wound Healing: An Understudied Side Effect.

Significance: Chemotherapy is a primary method to treat cancer. While chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect other cell types. In the case of dermal cells and macrophages involved in wound healing, cytotoxicity often leads to the development of chronic wounds. The situation becomes even more severe when chemotherapy is combined with surgical tumor excision. Recent Advances: Despite its significant impact on patients' recovery from surgery, the issue of delayed wound healing in individuals undergoing chemotherapy remains inadequately ex

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… Agata Tymińska from the Department of Embryology at the Medical University of Gdańsk for her invaluable assistance in creating the diagrams. AUTHOR DISCLOSURE AND GHOSTWRITING No competing interests exist. The content of this article was expressly written by the authors listed. …

Integrative meta-analysis identifies microRNA-regulated networks in infantile hemangioma.

BackgroundHemangioma is a common benign tumor in the childhood; however our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of hemangioma development and progression are still limited. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown as gene expression regulators with an important role in disease pathogenesis. Our goals were to identify miRNA-mRNA expression networks associated with infantile hemangioma.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of previously published gene expression datasets including 98 hemangioma samples. Deregulated genes were further used to identify microRNAs as potential regulators of

Резюме ESPR 2013Европейское общество педиатрической радиологии 50th Ежегодное совещание и 36th Курсы для аспирантов. Июнь 3–7 2013. Будапешт, Венгрия.

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Унификация одиссеи: искусственный интеллект для диагностирования и лечения редких заболеваний.

Подытожить текущие проблемы в диагностике и лечении редких заболеваний (РД), осветить последние достижения в области искусственного интеллекта (АИ) для РД и предложить модель будущего состояния лечения пациентов РД. Многодисциплинарный экспертный обзор с кратким изложением современных практических задач и мер по ограничению ставок в области РД-клиентов с учетом ключевых клинических и исследовательских соображений в отношении нормативных и экономических ограничений. 10,000 известные РД оказывают коллективное воздействие 1 В 10 Американцы, в целом 30 million Люди. Ежегодно на РД приходится свыше

Cancer Risk Profile of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device: A Narrative Review.

Background/Objectives: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is widely used as a long-acting reversible contraceptive and as a therapeutic option for heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and endometrial hyperplasia. Although its predominant effect is local, systemic levonorgestrel exposure has raised questions regarding its potential influence on cancer risk. This review aims to summarise and critically appraise the available evidence on the association between LNG-IUD use and gynaecologic, breast, and selected non-gynaecologic malignancies (including colo

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… Neoplasia Grade 3 Or Higher Cu-IUD Copper Intrauterine Device EC-Cvc European Commission Initiative On Cervical Cancer EPT Estradiol-Progestin Therapy ESGE European Society For Gynaecological Endoscopy ESGO European Society Of Gynaecological Oncology ESHRE European Society Of Human Reproduction And Embryology …

" Глаза как окно к нейродегенерации: окисляющий стресс " , " Оптическая уязвимость нерва " и " Стержневой обзор биомаркеров-а " .

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезное и растущее бремя для здоровья населения мира, характеризующееся постепенной нейронной дисфункцией, аксонной дегенерацией и необратимой потерей нейронных тканей. Все больше фактов указывает на окислительный стресс как на один из нескольких взаимодействующих патогенных механизмов в болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и нескольких оптических нейропот. Все больше внимания уделяется оси мозга и сетчатки, поскольку сетчатка и зрительный нерв делятся структурными, метаболическими и молекулярными харак

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… Among cranial nerves, the optic nerve has attracted particular attention as an accessible model of neurodegeneration: embryologically derived from the diencephalon, it is an anatomical extension of the CNS and shares its structural and molecular architecture [ 18 ]. … The argument rested on shared embryology, laminar architecture, neurovascular organization and molecular apparatus between retina and brain, which together make retinal change a plausible proxy for cerebral pathology accessible without biopsy or contrast administration [ 18 , 19 , 47 , 169 ]. …

Promising Highly Targeted Therapies for Cholangiocarcinoma: A Review and Future Perspectives.

To overcome the poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), highly targeted therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), photodynamic therapy (PDT) with/without systemic chemotherapy, and experimental photoimmunotherapy (PIT), have been developed. Three preclinical trials have investigated the use of ADCs targeting specific antigens, namely HER2, MUC1, and glypican-1 (GPC1), for CCA. Trastuzumab emtansine demonstrated higher antiproliferative activity in CCA cells expressing higher levels of HER2. Similarly, "staphylococcal enterotoxin A-MUC1 antibody" and "anti-GPC1 antibody-monomethyl

Differential risk of 23 site-specific incident cancers and cancer-related mortality among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study with 9.7 million Korean subjects.

IntroductionAlthough an association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and cardiovascular disease or overall mortality has been reported, it is unclear whether there is an association between MAFLD and cancer incidence or mortality. We aimed to investigate the differential risk of all- and site-specific cancer incidence and mortality according to MAFLD subgroups categorized by additional etiologies of liver disease.MethodsUsing the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we stratified the participants into three groups: (1) single-etiology MAFLD (S-

Morphological comparative study between a fifth-generation adhesive system and a universal system in total-etch mode applied at the cervical region.

For both direct and indirect restorations at the cervical level, the preparation aims to ensure only enamel bonding, due to its proven performance over time. This study sought to evaluate the adhesion to the cervical tooth structure. The aim of the study was to morpho-structurally compare a two-step adhesive system with a universal system in total-etch mode, starting from the hypothesis of the presence of only enamel as the bonding substrate at the level of cavities prepared to the standard depth of 0.4 mm, located 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. Each adhesive system was assigned a

Subglottic stenosis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic considerations with presentation of two cases.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), once known as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), is an uncommon systemic vasculitic disorder characterized by inflammation of the vascular walls, particularly affecting the respiratory tract. One serious complication is subglottic stenosis (SGS), a narrowing of the airway just below the vocal cords. While uncommon, it can be life-threatening and may show up as stridor, dyspnea, or voice changes. Sometimes, it is the first or only sign that someone has GPA. Diagnosing this condition takes a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging, endoscopy, and blood tes

SEM evaluation of dental cement surface morphology and microbial adhesion - a comparative study.

This study aimed to compare the surface morphology and antimicrobial/antibiofilm behavior of three semi-permanent cements used in implantology: FOZ (zinc oxide-based), DT (resin-based), and CIS (glass ionomer), after aging in air and artificial saliva, and after exposure to clinically relevant oral microbial strains. Surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity was quantified by determining the number of colony-forming units (CFU∕mL) for Gram-positive b

SARS-CoV-2-related immune dysregulation and biologically plausible pathways to lymphomagenesis: a PRISMA-ScR-based scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related immune dysregulation has generated interest in diagnostic pathology because infection-related inflammation, long coronavirus disease (COVID)-related immune disturbance, and post-vaccination lymphoid reactions may overlap with lymphoid-biological mechanisms and complicate the distinction between reactive lymphoid proliferations and lymphoid neoplasia. AIM: This scoping review aimed to map biologically plausible pathways through which SARS-CoV-2-associated immune perturbation may intersect with lymphomagenesis-rela

Primary gallbladder melanoma - a rare entity or a diagnostic pitfall?

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) melanoma is an exceptionally rare and controversial diagnostic entity. Because the mucosa of the gallbladder, stomach, small bowel, and large bowel is not considered a common site of melanocytic proliferation, most GI melanomas are regarded as metastatic lesions originating from a primary cutaneous melanoma. Whether some of these tumors may truly arise primarily in GI sites remains a matter of debate. The diagnosis is further complicated by the possibility of occult, clinically subtle, or amelanotic cutaneous melanomas that may remain unrecognized until advanced m

Corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: from histopathological tissue remodeling to patient adherence and barriers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated mucosal remodeling across different corticosteroid regimens and identified barriers to treatment adherence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 56 consecutive patients divided into two arms: Group 1 (n=22) underwent sinus surgery after topical, systemic, or combined corticosteroid therapy, with mucosal biopsies evaluated via a four-parameter histopathological (HP) score (infiltrate, eosinophils, edema, fibrosis). Group 2 (n=34; 15 excluded due to systemic steroid use) re

Differential histopathological features and comorbidity profiles in chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze histopathological (HP) changes, blood eosinophil levels, and comorbidities associated with Type 2 inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), in order to determine the prevalence of inflammatory endotypes among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients in Romania. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, observational, nonrandomized study has been conducted between January 2021-December 2022 enrolling 186 consecutive patients wit

TLR4 expression and its immunopathogenic role in inflammatory radicular cysts: a clinicopathological study.

Inflammatory radicular cysts are among the most frequently diagnosed odontogenic cysts and arise as a consequence of chronic periapical inflammation of endodontic origin. Their development and persistence are associated with continuous microbial stimulation and activation of local immune responses. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a member of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family. In periapical pathology, TLR4 is essential for detecting microbial antigens derived from the infected root canal system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of TLR

Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part VI. Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, enteroendocrine cells, and telocytes.

The liver, intestinal epithelium, and nervous system harbor specialized cell populations whose biology has been fundamentally redefined by contemporary histological and molecular methodologies. This review synthesizes recent advances across four such populations: Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs; Ito cells), enteroendocrine cells (EECs), and telocytes (TCs). KCs are now understood as ontogenetically heterogeneous, yolk sac-derived populations maintained by local self-renewal and shaped by durable epigenomic reprogramming. Their molecular identity, anchored to species-specific

Neurological symptoms observed in patients with COVID-19.

Infection with the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) has triggered the largest pandemic of the early 21st century. The disease primarily affects the respiratory system and may present as a common respiratory viral infection, but more severe cases can progress to acute pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, with heart and kidney failure, digestive symptoms, liver failure, and sometimes death. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, respiratory symptoms are frequently accompanied by neurological manifestations ranging from headaches, dizziness, anosmia,

Ileal neuroendocrine tumors: clinicopathological features and associations with systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers.

BACKGROUND: Ileal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are well-differentiated neoplasms with relatively indolent histological features but an often aggressive biological behavior, characterized by early lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination. Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammatory and nutritional status may influence tumor progression; however, data regarding these parameters in ileal NETs remain limited. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 12 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed ileal NETs who underwent surgical trea