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Четвертое Международное совещание ИСЕВ, ISEV2015.

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Резюме ЭСП 2013.

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… Results: Whereas circulating macrophages were solely CD68+, tissue macrophages showed combined CD68+/stabilin-1+ and myofibroblasts were actin+/stabilin-1+. A higher CD68+/stabilin-1+ cell count in the LV apex was associated with elevated IF in all but 3 patients. …

Exploring the evolving role of apolipoproteins in oncology: global trends and emerging frontiers.

BackgroundMetabolic reprogramming, especially lipid metabolism, is crucial in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Apolipoproteins are crucial targets for research as they regulate autophagy, oxidative stress, and chemoresistance. A systematic bibliometric and bioinformatics approach is necessary to identify trends and elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking apolipoproteins to cancer.MethodsA systematic bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package were employed to analyze and visualize c

Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modi

Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research

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… The lamina propria contains a fibroelastic connective tissue with intervening afferent and efferent nerve fibers, a vast vascular network and dispersed fibroblasts, a loose smooth muscle layer (the muscularis mucosa), and myofibroblasts [ 26 , 44 ]. … The role of the human bladder lamina propria myofibroblast. BJU Int. 2003;91:89–93. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.03802.x. 45. Aitken K.J., Bägli D.J. The bladder extracellular matrix. Part I: Architecture, development and disease. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2009;6:596–611. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2009.201. 46. …

Inflammation in Cardiomyopathies: Cellular Mechanisms Across Cardiac Phenotype.

Cardiomyopathies are traditionally classified by structural and genetic phenotypes, but emerging evidence highlights chronic myocardial inflammation as a pivotal driver of disease progression across different etiologies. This review synthesizes the current literature on the cellular and molecular inflammatory mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Anderson-Fabry disease, cardiac amyloidosis, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Across these distinct conditions, endogenous triggers such as metabolic substrates, misfolded amyloid fibrils, mechanical stress, or v

Характеристика повреждений ногой femoris в остеоартрите на различных этапах и эффект акупотомии с помощью ультразвука.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Хроническое повреждение мышцы rectus femoris вызывает и усугубляет прогрессирование остеоартрита колена (КОА). Однако характеристики повреждения мышцы rectus femoris в KOA на различных этапах не были в полной мере описаны. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать структуру повреждений мышцы rectus femoris на различных стадиях KOA и изучить механизм, с помощью которого ультразвуковые акупотомические операции могут предотвращать и контролировать KOA. МЕТОДЫ: Ранние, средние и поздние модели кроликов KOA были построены с использованием модифицированного метода Vide

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… This pathway facilitates the transition of myofibroblasts into fibroblasts and promotes the deposition of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, thereby driving the onset and progression of fibrosis. …

Update on current pancreatic treatments: from molecular pathways to treatment.

Pancreatic cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage although we have novel diagnostic tools. Pancreatic cancer chemotherapy treatment resistance is observed and therefore novel treatments are in need. Anti-cancer stem cell therapy, combination of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with immunotherapy, proteins/enzymes and gene therapy are currently under evaluation. Targeted treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also administered and novel inhibitors are also under evaluation. In the current review we present recent data from our search within the year 2018.

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… Ηuman relaxin-2 (RLX) which is an endogenous hormone and inhibits pancreatic stem cells differentiation into cancer associated fibroblasts-like myofibroblasts has been evaluated as a therapeutic target. …

Bone marrow fibrosis in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and its correlation with clinicopathological factors.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) severely impacts both the quality of life and the efficacy of diagnostic procedures. However, the correlation between BMF and clinicopathological features, cytogenetic changes, and prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) remains unclear. This study determined the incidence, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients with NDMM with BMF. METHODS: The clinical data, histological features, and clinical outcomes of patients with NDMM were collected. Reticular fiber staining was performed on the enrolled cases, and the degree of re

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… These factors can stimulate myofibroblasts to synthesize collagen, promote the synthesis of BM extracellular matrix proteins, and inhibit the degradation of extracellular matrix components, eventually leading to the occurrence of BMF [ 34 , 35 ]. This study has some limitations. …

Lactylation in health and disease: physiological or pathological?

Lactate is an indispensable substance in various cellular physiological functions and plays regulatory roles in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Lactylation (Kla), a key pathway through which lactate exerts its functions, has been identified as a novel posttranslational modification (PTM). Research indicates that Kla is an essential balancing mechanism in a variety of organisms and is involved in many key cellular biological processes through different pathways. Kla is closely related to disease development and represents a potential and important new drug target

BREAST

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TMED2/9/10 Serve as Biomarkers for Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis. Transmembrane emp24 structural domain (TMED) proteins are involved in protein transport and vesicle budding processes, which have implicated various malignancies' progression. However, the roles of TMEDs in HNSC, especially in terms of development and prognosis, have not been fully elucidated. Methods: We applied TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, GEPIA 2, Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEO, The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), cBioPortal, Linkedomics, Metascape, GRNdb, STRING, and Cytoscape

The Application Progress of Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models After Cholangiocarcinoma Surgeries.

Surgical treatment is the only possible cure for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) at present. However, the high recurrence rate of postoperative CCA leads to a very poor prognosis for patients, effective postoperative chemotherapy is hence the key to preventing the recurrence of CCA. The sensitivity of CCA to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs varies from person to person, and therefore, the screening of sensitive drugs has become an important topic after CCA surgeries. Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft models (PDX) can stably retain the genetic and pathological characteristics of primary t

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… The IGF2/IR/IGF1R Pathway in Tumor Cells and Myofibroblasts Mediates Resistance to EGFR Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res (2018) 24(17):4282–96. 10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-17-3725 12. Fisher SB, Fisher KE, Patel SH, Lim MG, Kooby DA, El-Rayes BF, et al. …

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: A comprehensive review.

Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity, associated with its toxic metabolite acrolein, is a significant concern and unresolved issue, especially when cyclophosphamide is administrated in high doses. However, cardiotoxicity following low-dose cyclophosphamide has been also documented, especially in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) settings. Despite the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiomyopathy, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review outlines the current challenges of cyclophosphamide therapy

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… EC dysfunction and cardiomyopathy Noteworthy, cyclophosphamide administration converts normal fibroblasts into the abnormal phenotype named myofibroblasts (myoFBs), which accelerate the cardiac injury through NADPH oxidase activation and subsequently increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes …

Salivary Osteopontin as a Potential Biomarker for Oral Mucositis.

Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional phosphoglycoprotein also presents in saliva, plays a crucial role in tumour progression, inflammation and mucosal protection. Mucosal barrier injury due to high-dose conditioning regimen administered during autologous and allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation (APSCT) has neither efficient therapy nor established biomarkers. Our aim was to assess the biomarker role of OPN during APSCT, with primary focus on oral mucositis (OM). Serum and salivary OPN levels were determined by ELISA in 10 patients during APSCT at four stages of transplantation (day

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… During inflammation OPN is secreted by T-lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, contributing to granulation tissue formation and connective tissue remodelling around the ulcerated epithelium [ 52 , 53 ]. …

Unraveling the triad of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, and skeletal muscle biomechanics in oncology.

The intricate interaction between skeletal muscle biomechanics, the tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy constitutes a pivotal research focus oncology. This work provides a comprehensive review of methodologies for evaluating skeletal muscle biomechanics, including handheld dynamometry, advanced imaging techniques, electrical impedance myography, elastography, and single-fiber experiments to assess muscle quality and performance. Furthermore, it elucidates the mechanisms, applications, and limitations of various immunotherapy modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive ce

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… Inflammatory responses trigger the release of cytokines, including TGF-β, TNF-α, and the IL family, which activate fibroblasts, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT), and promote the excessive generation of myofibroblasts … M1 macrophages drive early inflammation, whereas M2 macrophages secrete TGF-β and PDGF in the later fibrotic stages, promoting myofibroblast differentiation and ECM synthesis, thereby accelerating fibrosis ( 105 ). …

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm

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… For example, in a primary myelofibrosis in a thrombopoietin (Tpo)-over-expressing mouse model, MSCs expressing the leptin receptor are the primary source of myofibroblasts in BM or PMF [ 212 ]. …

Emerging roles for the IL-6 family of cytokines in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer has one of the poorest prognoses of all malignancies, with little improvement in clinical outcome over the past 40 years. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases, and is characterised by the presence of a dense stroma that impacts therapeutic efficacy and drives pro-tumorigenic programs. More specifically, the inflammatory nature of the tumour microenvironment is thought to underlie the loss of anti-tumour immunity and development of resistance to current treatments. Inflammatory pathways are largely mediated by the exp

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… Quiescent fibroblasts are able to differentiate into two unique subtypes, termed myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) [ 36 ]. … Öhlund D., Handly-Santana A., Biffi G., Elyada E., Almeida A.S., Ponz-Sarvise M. et al. (2017) Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. J. Exp. Med. 214, 579–596 10.1084/jem.20162024 37. …

YKL-40-A Protein in the Field of Translational Medicine: A Role as a Biomarker in Cancer Patients?

YKL-40 is a 40 kDa glycoprotein produced by cancer cells, inflammatory cells and stem cells. It probably has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, protection against apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and regulation of extracellular tissue remodelling. Plasma levels of YKL-40 are often elevated in patients with localized or advanced cancer compared to age-matched healthy subjects. Several studies have demonstrated that high plasma YKL-40 is an independent prognostic biomarker of short survival in patients with different types of cancer. However, there is not yet

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… YKL-40 secreted by cancer cells and inflammatory cells surrounding and infiltrating the tumor may play a role in proliferation, activation and differentiation of the fibroblasts/myofibroblasts surrounding the tumor. … This phenomenon, termed stromal reaction, includes activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts transformation, inflammation, secretion of cytokines, matrix proteins and metalloproteinases, and angiogenesis. …

Herpes Zoster and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Associations and Preventive Measures through Vaccination.

Herpes zoster, induced by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a unilaterally distributed vesicular rash that can cause multiple complications. VZV not only causes neurological problems, including postherpetic neuralgia and ocular zoster, but also causes inflammatory vasculopathy and increases the incidence of hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Therefore, understanding the association between the development of herpes zoster and the subsequent occurrence of acute stroke or cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, is of great interest.

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… Pathological Changes Arteries infected with VZV exhibit a disrupted internal elastic lamina, a thickened intima composed of myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin, and a deficiency of medial smooth muscle cells, resulting in the compromise of vessel wall integrity [ 86 ]. …