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Molecular markers associated with drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites in central Africa between 2016 and 2021.

OBJECTIVES: The widespread occurrence of anti-malarial drug resistance threatens the current efforts to control malaria in African regions. … nd Pfmdr1 haplotypes displayed distinct patterns, with the mutant haplotype of Pfcrt more common in Gabon (53.9%) and Congo (50.0%), and wild haplotypes of Pfmdr1 more frequently found in Cameroon, Angola, and Congo. The prevalence of wild-type CVMNK of Pfcrt increased from 68.5-74.6% in 2016-2017 to 81.8-87.5% in 2018-2021. The proportion of wild-type …

3 Tesla serial magnetic resonance imaging of human African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) and review of the literature.

We report serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and follow-up in a case of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) presenting with limited lesions followed by early and complete resolution. We searched the literature for documented cases and reviewed MRI findings before treatment. A 30-year-old Lebanese man, who had lived in Gabon for six years, presented with a two-year history of rash, anorexia, weight loss, arthralgia, paresthesia, and hypersomnia. Previously, the patient had received corticosteroid therapy for unconfirmed ANCA-associated vasculitis. Physical examination revealed a p…

Co-infection of peste des petits ruminants and goatpox in a mixed flock of sheep and goats in Kanam, North Central Nigeria.

Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) and Goat pox (GTP) are two devastating and economically important transboundary animal diseases of small ru … etic analysis of PPRV revealed that the virus belongs to lineage IV and clustered with viruses from Gabon and Cameroon. Similarly, the GTPV also clustered with other sequences from Burkina Faso and Yemen. The positive cELISA, RT-PCR and PCR results from samples collected from the same animals confirmed co-infection of PPR and GTP in this mixed flock of …

A phase 2b randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of the GMZ2 malaria vaccine in African children.

BACKGROUND: GMZ2 is a recombinant protein malaria vaccine, comprising two blood-stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum, glutamate-rich protein and merozoite surface protein 3. We assessed efficacy of GMZ2 in children in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana and Uganda. METHODS: Children 12-60months old were randomized to receive three injections of either 100μg GMZ2 adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide or a control vaccine (rabies) four weeks apart and were followed up for six months to measure the incidence of malaria defined as fever or history of fever and a parasite density ⩾5000/μL. RESULTS: A coho…

Classification of Rhinoentomophthoromycosis into Atypical, Early, Intermediate, and Late Disease: A Proposal.

BACKGROUND: Rhinoentomophthoromycosis, or rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, is a rare, grossly disfiguring disease due to an infection with entomophthoralean fungi. We report a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis from Gabon and suggest a staging system, which provides information on the prognosis and duration of antifungal therapy. METHODS: We present a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis including the histopathology, mycology, and course of disease. For the suggested staging system, all cases on confirmed rhinoentomophthoromycosis published in the literature without language restriction were elig…

[Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma intercalatum and urbanization in central Africa].

The species name of Schistosoma intercalatum, Fischer 1934 is linked to the shape and the size of his eggs, which are intermediate between t … d in the largest number of foci. B. crystallinus too transmits the parasite in the area of Gamba in Gabon. The Central Basin congolese strain of S. intercalatum is transmitted by Bulinus globosus. The houses where inhabitants are voiding eggs of S. intercalatum are just in front of the river bank or stream which are snails'breeding places. S. intercalat …

The Oklo uranium reactor: a natural analogue informing preparedness in radionuclide-related man-made accidents.

INTRODUCTION: The long-term health impact of radiation exposure is poorly documented, both in the context of accidental exposure and in that … untability for radionuclide-related activities. DISCUSSION: The Mounana uranium mining incident in Gabon demonstrates how inadequate containment, poor worker protection, and insufficient environmental monitoring can lead to long-term human and ecological consequences from radionuclide exposure. In contrast, the Oklo natural reactor highlights the value …

High two-month mortality in Gabonese adults with and without tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study of patients with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa but often remains unconfirmed. Patient outcomes in unconfirmed TB or non-TB cases are rarely studied. We assessed 2-month outcomes and associated factors in presumed TB cases independent of TB status. METHODS: Hospitalized adults with presumed PTB in Lambaréné, Gabon, were prospectively enrolled (September 2024-January 2025). Demographic data, including a socioeconomic status (SES) score, were collected. Laboratory analyses included HIV-test, GeneXpert and mycobacterial culture. Chest X-rays (C…

Global burden of Alzheimer disease and other dementias reveals escalating geographical disparities and metabolic risks: A comprehensive analysis of 1990-2021 data.

Keeping current with the burden and risk factors of Alzheimer disease and other dementias (ADOD) from global to national levels is critical … rities across all metrics. The highest incidence and prevalence rates were reported in China, while Gabon recorded the highest death rates. The Democratic Republic of the Congo observed the highest DALYs rates. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized ADOD rates increased globally. Notably, China saw significant increases in incidence, prevalence, and years …

Regular Plasmodium falciparum importation onto Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, hampers malaria elimination from the island.

The Bioko Island Malaria Elimination Project (BIMEP) has made significant progress in reducing the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum on Bi … closest geographical neighbors, the flow of parasites with Bioko appeared more pronounced with the Gabonese parasite population, implying more importation may be coming from this region than others. Overall, despite significant investment in malaria control, results illustrate the challenges of eliminating malaria without both interrupting local transm …

A common polymorphism in the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is associated with protection from severe malaria in humans.

Malaria caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum has served as a strong evolutionary force throughout human history, select … udy design to test for an association between PIEZO1 E756del and malaria severity among children in Gabon. We found that the E756del variant is strongly associated with protection against severe malaria in heterozygotes. In subjects with sickle cell trait, heterozygosity for PIEZO1 E756del did not confer additive protection and homozygosity was associat …

Surgical Training Throughout Africa: A Review of Operative Case Volumes at Multiple Training Centers.

BACKGROUND: Adequate surgical training is paramount to produce competent surgeons to address the global burden of surgical disease. The Pan- … ategories. Comparison between regions demonstrated volume and category variations between Kenya and Gabon, Ethiopia, and Cameroon. CONCLUSION: PAACS trainees perform more operations than ACGME trainees with differences in distribution. This experience can serve as a model for regional educational programs seeking to address the broad and largely unmet …

Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to highlight the increasing chance of Western physicians encountering patients (both immigrants and ex … USA. Seventy-five percent of infestations were acquired in three countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Overall, peripheral blood microfilariae were detected in 61.4% of patients, eosinophilia in 82.1%, eye worm migration in 53.5%, and Calabar swellings in 41.6%. However, Calabar swellings and eosinophilia were more common among expatriates/travelers …

Population Structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.

The population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa was studied using 11 microsatellite loci in 16 samples from 10 countries. All loci are located outside polymorphic inversions. Heterogeneity among loci was detected and two putative outlier loci were removed from analyses aimed at capturing genome-wide patterns. Two main divisions of the gene pool were separated by high differentiation (F(ST) > 0.1). The northwestern (NW) division included populations from Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and western Kenya. The southeastern (SE) division includ…

Short- and long-term action of multiple doses of ivermectin on loiasis microfilaremia.

One hundred nine Gabonese patients infected with Loa loa microfilariae were treated with ivermectin (200 microg/kg of body weight) at the Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine Department (Faculte de Medecine et des Sciences de la Sante, Libreville, Gabon). Each was given one dose per month for six consecutive months. The peripheral blood microfilaria (mf) count before and after each dose showed an average decrease in the microfilaremia of 87.3% (short-term-single dose). An annual single-dose mass treatment with 200 microg/kg of ivermectin was sufficient to control the parasite in popula…

Genetic aspects of control of anaemia development in trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle.

148 one-year-old N'Dama cattle, progeny of 29 sires, were exposed for 92 days to a medium natural tsetse-trypanosome challenge in Gabon, Central Africa. Matching health and performance data were recorded on 11 occasions. Average packed red cell volume percent (PCV) and lowest PCV reached during the period were evaluated as measures of ability to control the development of anaemia. Attempts were made to systematically control other possible causes of anaemia. In animals detected as parasitaemic, those with above average average PCV values or above average lowest PCV reached had 34% and 35% resp…

Систематический обзор распространенности и стойкости вирусов в Марбурге.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Марбургское вирусное заболевание (MVD) является смертельной зоонотической болезнью человека и нечеловеческих приматов, вызванной вирусом Марбурга (MARV) семейства Филовириде, и представляет собой геморрагическую лихорадку с высокой смертностью. Египетские фруктовые летучие мыши, Rousettus aegyptiac, являются основным природным резервуаром, который, по имеющимся данным, связывает их с большинством человеческих вспышек. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого систематического обзора была проведена оценка распространенности МАРВ среди летучих мышей, домашних животных и грызунов, а также продолжительности

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) is a fatal zoonotic disease of humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) of … an primates (NPH) and rodents, antibodies were reported in dogs and livestock, and NPH in Ghana and Gabon and Zambia, respectively, indicating a higher probability of non-lethal MARV exposure in these species. DISCUSSION: These findings confirm Rousettus aegyptiacus as the primary reservoir but suggest that other bats and domestic animals may contribut …

Point-of-care ultrasound to assess volume status and pulmonary oedema in malaria patients.

PURPOSE: Fluid management is challenging in malaria patients given the risks associated with intravascular fluid depletion and iatrogenic fl … d in an observational study of 48 malaria patients and 62 healthy participants across age groups in Gabon. RESULTS: IVC collapsibility index (CI) ≥ 50% on enrolment reflecting intravascular fluid depletion was associated with an increased number of clinical signs of hypovolaemia in severe and uncomplicated malaria. With exception of dry mucous membrane …

Tracing the Origin and Evolutionary History of Pyricularia oryzae Infecting Maize and Barnyard Grass.

Blast disease is a notorious fungal disease leading to dramatic yield losses on major food crops such as rice and wheat. The causal agent, P … d clade of P. oryzae. Phylogenetic analyses including these strains and a maize strain collected in Gabon in 1985 revealed two independent host-range expansion events from barnyard grass to maize. Comparative genomics between maize and barnyard grass strains revealed the presence or absence of five candidate genes associated with host specificity on mai …

Performance of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in African children admitted to hospital with diarrhea.

BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes mild to severe diarrhoeal disease in humans. To date, several commercial com … arrhoea. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four study sites in Sub-Saharan Africa (Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania), from May 2017 to April 2018. Stool samples were collected from children under 5 years with diarrhoea or a history of diarrhoea within the last 24 hours. All specimens were processed and analyzed using CerTest Crypt …