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Patterns of subgingival microbiota in different periodontal phenotypes.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the subgingival microbiota of patients with aggressive (AgP) or chronic periodontitis (CP) to healthy (H), non-periodontitis patients as well as to explore their relevant associations to different host genetic variants. METHODS: Following clinical examination, blood and subgingival plaque sampling of 471 study participants (125 AgP, 121 CP, 225 H), subgingival community analysis was performed by next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Microbial data from 266 participants (75 AgP, 95 CP, 98 H) were available for analysis. SNPs in the IL6, IL6R and FTO gene were selec…

Alterations of oral microbiota in patients with panic disorder.

The main characteristics of panic disorder (PD) include recurrent panic attacks and persistent worry, accompanied by other physical and cognitive symptoms. While recent studies have revealed that gut bacteria play an important role in anxiety and depression, little is known about the relationship between oral microbiota and PD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore a possible correlation between oral microbiota and PD. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to compare differences in the oral microbiota of patients with PD (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 40). Patients with PD exhib…

Implications of Gut Microbiota in Complex Human Diseases.

Humans, throughout the life cycle, from birth to death, are accompanied by the presence of gut microbes. Environmental factors, lifestyle, age and other factors can affect the balance of intestinal microbiota and their impact on human health. A large amount of data show that dietary, prebiotics, antibiotics can regulate various diseases through gut microbes. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbes in the development of metabolic, gastrointestinal, neurological, immune diseases and, cancer. We also discuss the interaction between gut microbes and the host with respect to their bene…

Parkinson's Disease and the Gut: Symptoms, Nutrition, and Microbiota.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, characterized by symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and tremor. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the relationship between the gut and the development of PD. Emerging to the forefront, an interesting concept has developed suggesting that the initial pathophysiological changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract before changes are seen within the brain. This review is aimed at highlighting the relationship between PD and the gastrointestinal tract, along with the supporting e

The Impact of CKD on Uremic Toxins and Gut Microbiota.

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic metabolites in blood and other metabolic compartments. This accumulation was suggested to be related to enhanced generation of toxins from the dysbiotic microbiome accompanied by their reduced elimination by impaired kidneys. Intestinal microbiota play a key role in the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the fact that numerous uremic solutes are generated in the process of protein fermentation by colonic microbiota. Some …

The Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Human Arterial Stiffness.

AIM: Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have vasodilator properties in animal and human ex vivo arteries. However, the role of the gut microbiota and SCFAs in arterial stiffness in humans is still unclear. Here we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiome, SCFA and their G-protein coupled sensing receptors (GPCRs) in relation to human arterial stiffness. METHODS: Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) was determined from ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring in 69 participants from regional and metropolitan regions in Australia…

Gut microbiota and metabolic aspects of cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by unintended weight loss and muscle wasting. It has a strong negative impact on survival. Its underlying mechanisms involve systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are known to be influenced by the gut microbiota. Preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in cancer cachexia by demonstrating that cachectic mice display: 1) various gut microbiota composition changes; 2) increased gut permeability and translocation of pro-inflammatory microbial compounds; 3) muscle atrophy-related processes linked to gut microbiota…

Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota dysbiosis and sarcopenia commonly occur in the elderly. Although the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been raised, the casual relationship is still unclear. This systematic review analyses the current evidence of gut microbiota effects on muscle/sarcopenia. METHODS: A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using the keywords (microbiota* OR microbiome*) AND (sarcopen* OR muscle). Studies reporting the alterations of gut microbiota and muscle/physical performance were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 26 p…

Alteration of vaginal microbiota in patients with recurrent miscarriage.

The aim of this study was to characterise the structure of vaginal microbiota in unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM). The vaginal bacterial communities of 16 patients with RM and 20 healthy volunteers were sampled. Then, the microbiomes of bacterial profiles of RM patients and healthy volunteers were compared by sequencing the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Taxonomic analysis demonstrated that abundance of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella were significantly different between the RM and control groups. Furthermo…

Enterochromaffin Cells: Sentinels to Gut Microbiota in Hyperalgesia?

In recent years, increasing studies have been conducted on the mechanism of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric diseases and non-neuropsychiatric diseases. The academic community has also recognized the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Chronic pain has always been an urgent difficulty for human beings, which often causes anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms, seriously affecting people's quality of life. Hyperalgesia is one of the main adverse reactions of chronic pain. The mechanism of gut microbiota in hyperalgesia has been extensively studied, providing a new target for p…

The microbiota-gut-bone axis and bone health.

The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, consisting of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, known as the "second gene pool" of the human body. In recent years, the microbiota-gut-bone axis has attracted increasing attention in the field of skeletal health/disorders. The involvement of gut microbial dysbiosis in multiple bone disorders has been recognized. The gut microbiota regulates skeletal homeostasis through its effects on host metabolism, immune function, and hormonal secretion. Owing to the essential role of the gut microbiota in skeletal homeostasis, novel gut mi…

Микробиота человека в области здравоохранения и отдельные раковые заболевания.

Большинство эпителиальных поверхностей нашего тела, пищеварительный тракт, дыхательные и врожденные системы, колонизируются большим количеством бактерий, археи, грибов, протозоанов и вирусов. Эти микробиота, особенно кишки, играют важную и полезную роль в пищеварении, метаболизме и синтезе витаминов. Их метаболиты стимулируют производство цитокина человеком, которое используется против потенциальных патогенов. На состав микробиоты влияет ряд внутренних и внешних факторов, включая питание, возраст, болезни и образ жизни. Такие изменения, называемые дисбиозом, могут быть связаны с развитием разл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. These microbiota, particularly those of the intestines, play an important, beneficial role in digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of vitamins. Their metabol…

[Urethral microbiota in healthy men and patients with urethritis].

Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common disease in men. The main cause of NGU is sexually transmitted infections, which can cause variou … al load in the urethra. Using the 16S rRNA sequencing method to characterize the urine and urethral microbiota reveals a diverse bacterial microbiota in both asymptomatic men and patients with NGU, which has a high diversity. The revealed microbiota in both healthy and patients with urethritis still has an ambiguous interpretation and requires further study.

Role of the oral microbiota in cancer evolution and progression.

Bacteria identified in the oral cavity are highly complicated. They include approximately 1000 species with a diverse variety of commensal microbes that play crucial roles in the health status of individuals. Epidemiological studies related to molecular pathology have revealed that there is a close relationship between oral microbiota and tumor occurrence. Oral microbiota has attracted considerable attention for its role in in-situ or distant tumor progression. Anaerobic oral bacteria with potential pathogenic abilities, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are well…

Season of Birth Impacts the Neonatal Nasopharyngeal Microbiota.

Objective: Pathogenic airway bacteria colonizing the neonatal airway increase the risk of childhood asthma, but little is known about the determinants of the establishment and dynamics of the airway microbiota in early life. We studied associations between perinatal risk factors and bacterial richness of the commensal milieu in the neonatal respiratory tract. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-eight children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in the Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) at-risk birth cohort were included in this study. The bacterial richness in each of the nasopharynxes of …

Role of Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Viral Hepatitis.

Hepatitis is a condition that can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis, or liver cancer. These days, gut microbiota becomes an important part of our immune system, which is important for disease progression or recovery. Translocation of gut microbial and metabolic products causes intestinal inflammation by modulating immune cells leading to impairment of the primary barrier. But there are limited studies discussing pathogenesis and management of hepatitis with gut microbiota. In this review, we have discussed the role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis and manageme…

Gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis of endocrine disease.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the two most common autoimmune endocrine diseases that have rising global incidence. These diseases are caused by the immune-mediated destruction of hormone-producing endocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells and thyroid follicular cells, respectively. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors govern the onset of T1D and HT. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in accelerating or preventing disease progression depending on the compositional and functional profile of the gut bacterial co…

No benefit of faecal microbiota transplantation for IBS-D.

Review of: Aroniadis OC, Brandt LJ, Oneto C, et al Faecal microbiota transplantation for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:675-85.

[Arguments for a role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of hypertension].

The gut microbiota refers to the community of microorganisms living in the mammalian digestive tract. Over the past decades, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that gut microbiota is involved in the physiological homeostasis of the host, particularly in the immune and metabolic systems. Furthermore, the dysfunction of gut microbiota, also called "dysbiosis", has been associated with various diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome or chronic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about the possible role of gut microbiota in the development of arterial …

Transforming of Triptolide into Characteristic Metabolites by the Gut Microbiota.

The importance of the gut microbiota in drug metabolism, especially in that of nonabsorbable drugs, has become known. The aim of this study was to explore the metabolites of triptolide by the gut microbiota. With high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and LC/MSn-IT-TOF), four metabolites of triptolide (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were found in the intestinal contents of rats. M1 and M2, were isomeric monocarbonyl-hydroxyl-substituted metabolites with molecular weights of 390. M3 and M4 were isomeri…