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[Effects and related mechanism of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on endothelial function in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and related mechanism of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(Aza) on endothelial function in Hyperhomocysteinemia r … ammonia acid (ADMA) content were detected by ELISA, and the content of nitric oxide was detected by nitrate reductase method in the mesenteric arteries. The mRNA expression of DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) and dimethyl arginine acid dimethylamine hydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in the mesenteric arteries were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the prot …

Feasibility study of chitosan as intravitreous tamponade material.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan can inhibit fibroblastic proliferation by suppressing fibroblast cells, and has the similar physiological characteristi … ular pressure measurement pre- and post-op. The concentration of IL-6, IL-8 (radioimmunoassay), NO (nitrate reductase method) in aqueous humor and vitreous body were tested at day 15 and day 30 post-op. At day 30 post-op, the cornea, ciliary body, and lens were dissected for light microscopy examination, and the retinal tissues 2PD away from the optic disc on the v …

Иммуномодулирующий и противовоспалительный потенциал S-нитросглутатиона (GSNO) при множественной склерозе: обзор механизмов и терапевтических перспектив.

Многофакторная демиелинизация (МС) — это хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (СНС), характеризующееся длительной нейроинфляминацией, окислительным стрессом, демиелинизацией и прогрессирующей нейродегенерацией. Несмотря на то, что МС остается неизлечимым, современные терапевтические средства (ТМС) помогают снизить частоту обострений и задерживать прогрессирование заболевания. Недавно разработанные инъекционные и инфузийные биологические ТМС обеспечивают целенаправленную иммуномодуляцию, но их клиническая полезность ограничена родственными методами введения и возможн

Impact of active smoking on the immature platelet fraction and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking represents a major cardiovascular risk factor, due to the induction of oxidative stress and low-grade, continuous, inflammation that contribute to promote atherothrombosis. However, the mechanisms leading to increased platelet aggregability associated with smoking are only partially defined. A potential role has been hypothesized for immature platelets, a younger and potentially more reactive fraction, previously associated with the main determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the aim of our study was to define the impact of smoking on the immature plate

The prince and the pauper. A tale of anticancer targeted agents.

Cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate, from 10 million new cases globally in 2000 to 15 million in 2020. Regarding the pharmacological treatment of cancer, we currently are in the interphase of two treatment eras. The so-called pregenomic therapy which names the traditional cancer drugs, mainly cytotoxic drug types, and post-genomic era-type drugs referring to rationally-based designed. Although there are successful examples of this newer drug discovery approach, most target-specific agents only provide small gains in symptom control and/or survival, whereas others have consiste

Impact of Alterations in Homocysteine, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Vitamins-Related Pathways in Some Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) influences the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders in different ways. Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is related to that of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and group B vitamins. The breakdown of the pathway involving nitric oxide (NO) and ADMA can be considered one of the causes of endothelial alteration that represents a crucial step in the development of several neurodegenerative disorders. Deficiencies of vitamins other than group B ones, such as D and A, have also been associated with central nervous system disorders. The aim of this narr

DNA Methylation Is Correlated with Oxidative Stress in Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Relevance as Complementary Prognostic Biomarkers.

Oxidative stress and abnormal DNA methylation have been implicated in cancer, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). This fact leads us to investigate whether oxidative stress is correlated with localized and global DNA methylations in the peripheral blood of MDS patients. Sixty-six MDS patients and 26 healthy individuals were analyzed. Several oxidative stress and macromolecule damage parameters were analyzed. Localized (gene promotor) and global DNA methylations (5-mC and 5-hmC levels; LINE-1 methylation) were assessed. MDS patients had lower levels of reduced glutathione and total anti

Связь между окисляющим стрессом, митохондриальной дисфункцией, железным метаболизмом и микроглией в множестве склерозов: обзор нарации.

В последние годы в патогенезе множественного склероза особое внимание уделяется митохондриальным процессам, влияющим на начало заболевания. Окисляющий стресс будет одним из последствий митохондриальной дисфункции, и его воздействие на ткани мозга хорошо описано. Микроглия, как макрофаж мозга, имеет важную функцию в удалении нежелательных метаболитов, а также железа, который является усилителем окислительного стресса. Существуют новшества с точки зрения связи между этими процессами, которые в большей степени перенаправляют исследования на сам процесс нейродегенерации, с тем чтобы больше не дела

Ксантин Оксидореводаза: Меч с двойным отростком в неврологических заболеваниях.

Неинфекционные неврологические расстройства являются второй основной причиной смерти, и их бремя продолжает расти по мере роста и старения населения мира. Окисляющий стресс и воспаление во многом связаны с активацией и развитием множественных склерозов, болезни Альцгеймера, амиотропического бокового склероза, болезни Хантингтона, болезни Паркинсона и даже инсульта. В ходе этого обзора мы изучаем роль деятельности и продуктов " xanthine oxidoreducase " (XOR) во всех вышеупомянутых неврологических заболеваниях. Редоксальный дисбаланс, вызывающий окислительный стресс, может возникнуть и

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… It also has various functions because of its various enzymatic activities, specifically XDH, XO, NADH reductase, and nitrate reductase [ 22 ]. Furthermore, the low substrate specificity of XOR allows for the metabolism of other different substances, both endogenous and exogenous [ 99 ]. …

Окисляющий/нетрозирующий стресс, апоптоз и сигнализация " Redox " : основные игроки в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья, которая оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество и продолжительность жизни миллионов людей. Эти заболевания характеризуются патологическими изменениями в различных областях мозга, конкретными генетическими мутациями, связанными с болезнью, залежами аномальных белков и дегенерацией неврологических клеток. Поскольку нейродегенеративные расстройства различаются по своим эпидемиологическим характеристикам и степени уязвимости нейронов, лечение этих заболеваний обычно направлено на замедление развития заболеваний.

Crosstalk of thioredoxin system and programmed cell death: from pathophysiology to novel therapy.

The thioredoxin (Trx) system, an integral component of cellular redox regulation, preserves protein dithiol-disulfide equilibrium through its conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site and is involved in key cellular functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. In cancer biology, the thioredoxin system plays dual roles: overexpression can suppress oxidative stress and promote tumor growth, whereas dysfunction can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). However, a critical area for future research is to delineate how Trx modulates the intricate networks of PCD, and to id

Identification of iron metabolism-related predictive markers of endometriosis and endometriosis-relevant ovarian cancer.

Endometriosis is associated with ovarian cancers, mainly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Iron metabolism has been shown to play a role in endometriosis. Therefore, it is vital to explore the relationship between iron metabolism and ovarian cancer and to identify novel markers for diagnostics and therapeutics. The endometriosis dataset GSE51981 and the ovarian cancer dataset GSE26712 were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Iron metabolism genes were obtained from molecular signatures database, and hub genes from the 3

Treating Lows: Management of Orthostatic Hypotension.

AbstractOrthostatic hypotension is a prevalent clinical condition, caused by heterogenous etiologies and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management is particularly challenging in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. A thorough assessment is needed to draw an appropriate management plan. The treatment aims to improve postural symptoms while minimizing side effects and reducing iatrogenic exacerbation of supine hypertension. A personalized management plan including rationalizing medications, patient education, identification, and avoidance of triggers, as well as nonphar

Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer.

Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in

Nocardia Infection Presented as Intramuscular Abscess in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Nocardia is a gram-positive bacterium capable of causing both local and systemic infections, typically in immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentation is pulmonary infection. Muscle abscess due to Nocardia infection without disseminated nocardiosis is rare. CASE REPORT: In this report, we describe the case of a 67-year-old male kidney transplant recipient who developed a swelling of the right biceps muscle. CT imaging showed an intramuscular abscess, which was subsequently surgically drained. The drained fluid grew Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, which was resist

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… N. pseudobrasiliensis differs from N. brasiliensis by way of its adenine metabolism and nitrate reductase activity [ 7 ]. …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer: from mechanism to therapeutic implications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as critical secondary messengers in various intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival under normal physiological conditions. However, dysregulation of redox signaling-driven by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modifications-plays a central role in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Cancer cells typically exhibit elevated basal ROS levels due to increased metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oncogene activation. This mode

Keyword Index for Volume 90

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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy.

Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Desp

Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much highe

Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases.

There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating an