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Pancreatic involvement by plasma cell neoplasms.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic involvement by plasma cell neoplasms is an extremely rare event, with only 50 cases described in the literature. They can present as a primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma or plasmacytoma secondary to a plasma cell myeloma. Clinical manifestations are due to the presence of a pancreatic mass usually in the pancreas head, which causes extra-biliary obstruction and abdominal pain. METHODS: Abdominal imaging including CT scan or endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration tissue sampling is essential for the initial diagnostic procedure. However, immunohist…

Mouse model of plasma cell mastitis.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell mastitis is distinct from the common form of mastitis and clinically resembles breast carcinoma. The lesion occurs in non-lactating young women, and the incidence rate is rising. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but cannot prevent recurrence of the disease. Disfigurement or removal of breast after the operations can cause marked physical and psychological distress. The etiology of plasma cell mastitis is unclear up till now. It is therefore necessary to investigate further the underlying immunological changes of the disease. METHODS: The lesions of plasma cell…

How I treat plasma cell leukemia.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell proliferative disorder with a very poor prognosis and with distinct biologic, clinical, and laboratory features. Compared with multiple myeloma, pPCL presents more often with extramedullary involvement, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, elevated serum β(2)-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase levels, as well as impaired renal function. Many of the genetic aberrations observed in newly diagnosed pPCL are typically found in advanced multiple myeloma. These cytogenetic abnormalities and mutations lead to increased …

Low abundance plasma proteins in labour.

Every year, millions of births worldwide are complicated by prematurity or difficult post-term deliveries, resulting in a high incidence of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Our poor understanding of human parturition is a key reason for our inability to improve the management of preterm and post-term birth. In this study, we used proteomic techniques to look into protein changes in placental blood plasma obtained from women before or after spontaneous or induced labour, with vaginal or caesarean section deliveries. Our aim was to understand the basic mechanisms of human parturition regardles…

Plasma cell myeloma and related neoplasms.

Session 1 of the 2009 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association of Haematopathology, Cleveland, OH, focused on plasma cell neoplasms. This report summarizes the salient diagnostic, clinical, and genetic features of plasma cell myeloma (PCM) and related neoplasms. Based on the cases submitted to the workshop, we highlight common diagnostic issues and unusual manifestations of plasma cell neoplasms, such as t(11;14)+ PCM, plasma cell leukemia, and nonsecretory plasmacytoma, as well as plasmablastic transformation of PCM. Additional issues repeatedly raised at the workshop …

Plasma nitroproteome of kidney disease patients.

3'-Nitrotyrosine (3NT) is a post-translational modification (PTM) of body fluids and tissues that is sustained by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, two main clinical traits of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite this background, protein targets and their differential susceptibility to in vivo nitration remain almost completely unexplored in CKD. This study reports a first investigation of plasma nitroproteome in these patients, carried out by both immunorecognition and LC-MS/MS techniques. Plasma proteins of chronic and end-stage KD patients showed a higher burden of nitration than …

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits plasma renin activity.

The development of renovascular hypertension depends on the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, a process regulated by intracellular cAMP. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) downregulates cAMP production in some cell types by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, suggesting the possibility that it may modulate renin release. Here, we investigated the effect of H2S on plasma renin activity and BP in rat models of renovascular hypertension. In the two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) model of renovascular hypertension, the H2S donor NaHS prevented and treated hypertension. Compared with vehicle, NaHS signifi…

Profiling carbonylated proteins in human plasma.

This study reports the first proteomic-based identification and characterization of oxidized proteins in human plasma. The study was conducted by isolating carbonylated proteins from the plasma of male subjects (age 32-36) with avidin affinity chromatography subsequent to biotinylation of carbonyl groups with biotin hydrazide and sodium cyanoborohydride reduction of the resulting Schiff's bases. Avidin selected proteins were digested with trypsin, and the peptide fragments were separated by C18 reversed phase chromatography and identified and characterized by both electrospray ionization and m…

Myeloma therapy: pursuing the plasma cell

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… The final section addresses ‘Other Plasma Cell Disorders’. These chapters comprise authoritative reviews on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, AL Amyloidosis, the mysterious POEMS syndrome and MGUS. …

Plasma cell myeloma diagnosed in pregnancy.

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is an essentially incurable neoplastic disorder of terminally differentiated B cells. The neoplastic clone usually secretes a monoclonal protein in the serum or urine (the 'M band'). About 20% of PCM secrete light chains only, which are detectable in the urine as Bence Jones protein. The clinical picture is one of bone marrow failure, due to infiltration of the marrow by malignant plasma cells; renal failure due to damage to renal tubules by the excess light chains and pain due to lytic lesions of the bones. The outcome remains poor with median survival of 5 years.

Platelet-rich plasma: a literature review.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets in concentrated plasma, which is extensively used to promote soft and hard tissue healing. The significance behind its use refers to the abundance of growth factors present in a well-prepared PRP concentrate. These growth factors enhance the rate and quality of wound healing by different mechanisms. The objective of this review article is to explain the biological aspect of hard and soft tissue healing by application of PRP in conjunctions with its molecular basis.

Plasma phthalate levels in pubertal gynecomastia.

OBJECTIVE: Several untoward health effects of phthalates, which are a group of industrial chemicals with many commercial uses including personal-care products and plastic materials, have been defined. The most commonly used, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), is known to have antiandrogenic or estrogenic effects or both. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP) is the main metabolite of DEHP. In this study, we aimed to determine the plasma DEHP and MEHP levels in pubertal gynecomastia cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 40 newly diagnosed pubertal gynecomastia cases who were a…

Maternal plasma visfatin in preterm labor.

OBJECTIVE: Visfatin, a novel adipokine with diabetogenic and immunoregulatory properties, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, as well as in various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. We have previously reported that amniotic fluid concentrations of visfatin are higher in patients with preterm labor (PTL) and intra-amniotic infection than in patients with PTL without infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether spontaneous PTL with intact membranes and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) is associated with changes in maternal plasma circ…

Plasma lipid profile in gynecologic cancers.

BACKGROUND: Lipids are associated with cancer because they play a key role in the maintenance of cell integrity. We studied the relationship of plasma lipids with gynecologic cancer. METHODS: A total of 196 female individuals were included in the study. Of these 50 were normal subjects. The remaining were cancer patients: 80 breast cancer, 40 ovarian cancer and 26 patients with other gynecologic cancers. Plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were estimated by using spectrophotometer. RESULTS: In breast cancer patients there is moderate increas…

Rett syndrome and plasma leptin levels.

OBJECTIVE: To describe in patients with Rett syndrome (classic and preserved-speech variant) plasma leptin levels and their relationship to BMI (body mass index) and age. STUDY DESIGN: Female patients (n = 48; age range 3-20 years) affected by classic Rett syndrome were enrolled into the study. Eleven female patients, age range 3 to 20 years, with preserved-speech variant Rett syndrome were included in the study. Controls were 24 healthy female subjects, age range 3 to 20 years. Blood samples (3 mL) were withdrawn from an antecubital vein in the morning; plasma leptin concentrations were dete…

Argon plasma coagulation for radiation proctitis.

BACKGROUND: Rectal blood loss is a common late sequel of radiation proctitis. Teleangiectasias appear in the mucosa in 2-5% of patients after radiotherapy of the pelvis. Since pharmacotherapy is usually not beneficial, local treatment modalities with formalin irrigation, Nd:YAG laser and argon plasma coagulation (APC) have been advocated, but experience is still limited. METHODS: Between January 1997 and August 2001, 50 consecutive patients with rectal bleeding due to radiation proctitis were included for treatment with APC. Thirteen patients suffered from anaemia, six of whom required blood …