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What's in Your Nomogram? Personalized Prognostication of Verbal Memory Decline after Temporal Lobe Resection in Adults With Epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and externally validate models to predict the probability of postoperative verbal memory decline in adults following temporal lobe resection (TLR) for epilepsy using easily accessible preoperative clinical predictors. METHODS: Multivariable models were developed to predict delayed verbal memory outcome on 3 commonly used measures: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and Logical Memory (LM), and Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) subtests from Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition. Using Harrell's step-down procedure for variable selection, models were de…

Verbal episodic memory along the course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a new perspective.

Impairment on episodic memory (EM) has been strongly correlated with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorde … and compared to 54 healthy controls. Episodic memory performance was assessed by means the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) that measures verbal learning and episodic memory in both disorders. Our results showed that patients in early stage of BD (EBD) performed better performance on the total immediate free recall (p<0.0001, F=12.060) as well as in …

Sex differences in the relationship of biomarker change to memory decline in early Alzheimer's disease: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits sex differences in pathology and cognitive trajectories. Understanding how these differences m … presented by a composite z-score averaging Learning and Delayed Recall z-scores of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Covariates included baseline age, education, and apolipoprotein E genotype. RESULTS: A significant sex * diagnostic group * biomarker change interaction (b=-17.47, 95%CI = 27.60 to -7.33, p = .001) indicated that sex differences in the relati …

Gambling on the unconscious: a comparison of wagering and confidence ratings as measures of awareness in an artificial grammar task.

We explore three methods for measuring the conscious status of knowledge using the artificial grammar learning paradigm. We show wagering is no more sensitive to conscious knowledge than simple verbal confidence reports but is affected by risk aversion. When people wager rather than give verbal confidence they are less ready to indicate high confidence. We introduce a "no-loss gambling" method which is insensitive to risk aversion. We show that when people are just as ready to bet on a genuine random process as their own classification decisions, their classifications are still above baseline,

Recent Advances in Psychological Interventions Targeting Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a frequently occurring and impairing mental health condition marked by cognitive deficits in several area … in attention and self-assessed everyday performance. Findings pertaining to executive function and verbal learning and memory varied, with some studies conveying significant improvements in those domains post-intervention, and others failing to demonstrate any statistically significant effects. The results showcased the need to conduct larger, meticulously desig …

Disrupted integrity of the fornix is associated with impaired memory organization in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The fornix is a major projection of the hippocampus to and from other brain regions. A previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) s … cross-sections of fornix tractography. In addition, all of the patients and 32 controls performed a verbal learning task specialized for evaluating memory organization, the verbal memory subscale of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, the category- and letter fluency tests, and the Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test. RESULTS: Statistically significan …

Cognitive functions in juvenile and adult patients with gelastic epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartoma.

PURPOSE: To describe extend and severity of cognitive deficits in juvenile and adult patients with gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamart … s were observed in 39% of the cases. Memory functions were impaired regarding both visual (77%) and verbal learning (62%). Nonparametric correlation analysis revealed a significant relation between monthly partial seizure frequency and reduced cognitive flexibility and reduced performance in mental rotation. In addition, HH volume was significantly negatively cor …

[Dysphatic development: clinical importance and neurological background].

The timely treatment of children with developmental dysphasia is important in the prevention of subsequent learning and behaviour disorders. The pathophysiology of developmental dysphasia is complex and depends on age. In the preverbal and early verbal phase the severity of the clinical picture is determined by accompanying motor function pathology (simple motor function, dysarthria, general and oral dyspraxia) and by receptive pathology (hearing, and auditory perception). In the verbal period linguistic problems become more prominent (syntax, morphology, semantics and verbal memory), these pr

[Neurocognitive function in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and normal controls].

There is a substantial body of evidence suggesting that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SΖ) and bipolar disorder (BD) persist after the … (HC), using WAIS-Vocabulary, Block design, and Digit span, Babcock Story Recall Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Word-Colour Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test, and Faux Pas Recognition Test. The three groups were matched for gender, age and education. The SZ and BD groups were also matched in terms of illness duration and the ag …

Neuropsychological profile of children and adolescents with the 22q11.2 microdeletion.

PURPOSE: Patients with one of the 22q11.2 deletion syndromes provide a unique opportunity to research the interface between genetics and bra … ONCLUSION: Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndromes exhibit a behavioral phenotype reflective of nonverbal learning disabilities, concomitant language deficits, and social-emotional concerns.

Memory for verbal information in individuals with HIV-associated dementia complex. HNRC Group.

Patterns of memory performance were examined for 9 participants with HIV-associated dementia (HAD), 15 HIV-seropositive participants without dementia, and 15 HIV-seronegative controls. Episodic and semantic memory were assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test, the Boston Naming Test, and Verbal Fluency tests. The HAD group showed deficits in episodic memory, with relative sparing of semantic memory. In addition, results suggest a retrieval deficit in HAD rather than a deficit in retention of information. This pattern is consistent with the presence of a subcortical dementing process …

[A neuropsychological study of triplets with a history of prematurity].

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Prematurity has often been associated with a general intellectual deficit and with different structural brain disorde … lligence was found to be above average, the most notable result being the superior score in case 1. Verbal learning and the long term retention of verbal material were altered in case 3, where there was also a smaller hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a multiple birth, we have seen that extreme prematurity, accompanied by non severe perinatal as …

Distributional Cues to Language Learning in Children With Intellectual Disabilities.

PURPOSE: In typical development, distributional cues-patterns in input-are related to language acquisition processes. Statistical and implicit learning refer to the utilization of such cues. In children with intellectual disability, much less is known about the extent to which distributional cues are harnessed in mechanisms of language learning. METHOD: This tutorial presents what is known about the process of language learning in children with language impairments associated with different sources of intellectual disability: Williams syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, and fra

[What are the differences between average readings with writing difficulties and children with reading and writing difficulties? Follow-up, kind of writing errors and learning prerequisites].

As part of the Viennese longitudinal study on the development of reading and writing skills, children with spelling problems were differentiated from children with combined reading and spelling problems. It could be shown that children with spelling problems only are a rather inhomogeneous group with regard to their further development. At the end of the eighth grade some children still have circumscribed spelling problems, whereas others have overcome their early problems, and still others have also fallen behind in their reading skills. These groups of children can be differentiated early on

Designing Virtual Reality-Based Conversational Agents to Train Clinicians in Verbal De-escalation Skills: Exploratory Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: Violence and aggression are significant workplace challenges faced by clinicians worldwide. Traditional methods of training consist of "on-the-job learning" and role-play simulations. Although both approaches can result in improved skill levels, they are not without limitation. Interactive simulations using virtual reality (VR) can complement traditional training processes as a cost-effective, engaging, easily accessible, and flexible training tool. OBJECTIVE: In this exploratory study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of and barriers to verbal engagement with a virtual agent

Relationship between regional homogeneity changes and cognitive dysfunction in patients with first-episode drug-naïve bipolar II disorder in the depressive phase.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent symptom in patients with bipolar II disorder (BD-II) depression, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between local spontaneous neural activity and cognitive dysfunction in BD-II depression using the Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) method. METHODS: A total of 77 first-episode drug-naïve patients with BD-II depression and 69 healthy controls (HC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Cognitive function was assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Re…

Средство воздействия когнитивного резерва на связи между скоростью обработки и памятью у пожилых людей с множественным склерозом и без него.

ЦЕЛЬ: Скорость более низкой обработки связана с ухудшением памяти при старении и множественном склерозе (MS). Когнитивный резерв служит в качестве буфера для борьбы с ухудшением памяти и слабоумием, однако ни в одном из исследований не сообщалось о его посредническом воздействии на связи между скоростью обработки и памятью. Поэтому мы изучили вопрос о том, способствует ли когнитивный резерв взаимосвязи между скоростью обработки и словесной памятью у пожилых людей и модифицировало ли это объединение присутствие MS. МЕТОД: пожилые люди, имеющие MS (n = 104; Mage = 64,84 ± 4,36 года) и здоровый к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: Slower processing speed is implicated in memory impairment in both aging and multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive reserve serves as … Processing speed was assessed via the oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and memory via the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. RESULTS: Cognitive reserve fully mediated the association of Symbol Digit Modalities Test on Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: immediate recall when fully adjusted for covariates (indirect effect: b = 0.221, 95% bootstrap CI [0.12 …

Sex and APOE genotype modulate neuropsychological profile and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy.

INTRODUCTION: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy, often associated with cognitive impairments, particularly in … cut-offs, exhibited poor performance on multiple test scores, including the MMSE, The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate and delayed recall), The Corsi Block-Tapping Task, The Verbal Fluency Test, The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and The Pentagon-copying Test. Males showed impairment only in visuo-spatial short-term memory. ANOVA analysis reve …

Verbal and academic skills in children with early-onset type 1 diabetes.

AIM: Basic verbal and academic skills can be adversely affected by early-onset diabetes, although these skills have been studied less than other cognitive functions. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of learning deficits in children with diabetes by assessing basic verbal and academic skills in children with early-onset diabetes and in comparison children. In addition, the incidence of dyslexia (< or =10th centile in reading speed or reading-spelling accuracy) was studied. METHOD: The performance of 51 children with early-onset diabetes (25 females, 26 males; mean age 9y 11mo, SD 4mo;

Reduction of caudate nucleus volumes in neuroleptic-naïve female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: The caudate nucleus might contribute to the psychopathological and cognitive deficits observed in schizotypal personality disord … orse performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (nonperseverative errors) and on the California Verbal Learning Test (verbal memory and learning), and significant correlations between smaller total caudate relative volume and both positive and negative symptoms on the Structured Interview for Schizotypy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that, for fema …