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Neuroinflammation and peripheral targeting: formulation-based strategies for modulating the neuroimmune axis in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and disabling complication of diabetes that is largely treated symptomatically. Chronic neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) may contribute to disease progression, making the peripheral neuroimmune interface a potential therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED: A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted for January 2005-July 2026, supplemented by reference-list hand-searching and prioritization of recent studies. This review examines neuroinflammatory m…

Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between vitamin D status or vitamin D-related interventions and outcomes following lumbar spinal fusion. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2026 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies including adult patients undergoing lumbar fusion with assessment of vitamin D status or supplementation and a comparator group were eligible. Random-effects models were used as the primary analyses. Nine studies were included. Five studies (n = 351) assessed radiographic fusion success, demon…

Synovial Chondromatosis: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence on Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Management.

Background and Objectives: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign disease characterized by chondral metaplasia of the synovial membrane and the formation of intra-articular loose bodies. Although usually benign, delayed diagnosis may lead to progressive joint damage, recurrence, and, rarely, malignant transformation. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE database, focusing on studies published between January 2010 and December 2025. Eligible studies addressed the classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings…

Functional and radiographic outcomes of deltoid ligament reconstruction for chronic medial ankle ligament insufficiency: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Chronic deltoid ligament insufficiency contributes to medial ankle instability, potentially coexisting with lateral instability or peritalar deformity. The optimal reconstruction strategy remains unclear. METHODS: A systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines searched MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus for studies reporting outcomes of deltoid ligament reconstruction for chronic insufficiency. The review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251269123). Functional scores, radiographic stability and complications were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. RESU…

Safety and efficacy of DOACs in clinically complex phenotypes of patients with atrial fibrillation: focus on frailty, multimorbidity and polypharmacy.

INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF); however, patients encountered in real-world practice frequently exhibit frailty, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, phenotypes underrepresented in randomized clinical trials. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review addresses the safety and efficacy of DOACs in clinically complex AF populations. Targeted searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and major cardiology society documents (ESC/EHRA) were performed from inception to May 2025, prioritizing randomized trials and complemented by la…

Витамин D как модулятор иммуно-эндокрина: открытие его роли в аутоиммунных расстройствах и механизмах защиты заложников.

Фон/цели: Витамин D, получивший всеобщее признание за свою роль в гомеостазе кальция-фосфата и здоровье скелета, стал одним из ключевых модуляторов иммуноэндокринной системы. Его активный метаболит взаимодействует с рецептором витамина D (VDR) через иммунную и эндокринную клетку, оказывая влияние на транскрипцию генов, баланс цитокина и иммунную терпимость. В настоящем докладе обобщаются механистические, эпидемиологические и клинические данные о роли витамина D в иммунной модуляции различных аутоиммунных и инфекционных заболеваний. Методы: Этот описательный обзор включал структурированный и вс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background/Objectives: Vitamin D, universally recognized for its role in calcium-phosphate homeostasis and skeletal health, has emerged as a … : This narrative review incorporated a structured and comprehensive literature search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Results: Vitamin D modulates both innate and adaptive immunity through antimicrobial peptide induction, macrophage and NK cell activation, and promotion of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Clinical an …

Zinc Deficiency Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of zinc deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2025. Studies reporting zinc deficiency prevalence in IBD patients using validated biomarkers were included. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale…

Ocular and Orbital Involvement in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors.

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, with ocular and orbital involvement representing an u … Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD420261348194) and conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from database inception to 19 March 2026. Twenty-eight studies comprising approximately 429 patients were included. Data were extracted on patient demographics, treatment, survival, and prognostic factors, and analysed …

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure compared with anti-thrombotic therapy for people with cryptogenic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is more common in cryptogenic stroke, but the benefit of closure over antithrombotic therapy remains debated. We updated randomized evidence comparing PFO closure with antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched through September 2025. Primary outcomes were stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and a composite of stroke, TIA, death, or systemic embolism. Serious adverse events and atrial fibrillation were assessed. RESULTS: Six trials (n = 3,560; closure 1,889…

Glucagonoma of the pancreas: diagnostic approach and therapeutic algorithm for a rare nosological entity.

Glucagonoma remains a very rare neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, accounting for 2% of all islet-cell carcinomas. The aim of this review is to highlight important aspects of pancreatic glucagonoma, including epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation, and to elucidate the current therapeutic management of this nosologic entity. A combined automated and manual systematic search of the literature was performed using electronic search engines (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane Library), until April 2025. Glucagonoma originates from the a-cells of the pancreatic Lang…

Interpretation of the ambulatory glucose profile in diabetes: practical application in community pharmacy.

INTRODUCTION: The ambulatory glucose profile summarizes continuous glucose monitoring data and complements glycated hemoglobin by providing metrics of exposure, variability, and time spent in different glucose ranges. OBJECTIVE: To review the key elements of the ambulatory glucose profile and propose a practical interpretation sequence applicable to community pharmacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A targeted narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE-indexed literature and scientific society recommendations was performed and complemented with official Spanish guidance, with the search updated through Augus…

The role of olfactory and salivary gland pathways in periodontal disease-mediated Alzheimer's disease progression: mechanistic insights and early diagnostic implications.

OBJECTIVES: Periodontal disease, characterized by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) colonization, has been increasingly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. This review systematically delineates the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the periodontal-AD nexus, highlighting olfactory dysfunction (OD) and salivary gland hypofunction as putative prodromal biomarkers for periodontal disease-associated AD progression. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE database was systematically searched for English-language articles published between January 199…

The Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Behavioral Profile of an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Animal Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In preclinical research, animal models are a valid alternative for studying both the genetics and environmental factors related to human psy … tform (CRD42023442128). Our searches found 142 articles indexed in the electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. According to the eligibility criteria, six articles were included in the review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that EE decreased locomotor activity (SMD = -1.85, 95% CI = -3.18 to -0.52, Z = 2.72, p = 0.007, …

The gut-endometrium axis in chronic endometritis: the role of bacterial translocation, the estrobolome, and estrogen metabolism - A narrative review.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is an inflammatory endometrial finding associated in some studies with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), although diagnostic thresholds and clinical significance remain unsettled. This narrative review examines whether gut dysbiosis, microbial-product translocation, and microbial estrogen metabolism could plausibly influence CE. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched to identify illustrative human, translational, and experimental literature; selection was purposive and no systematic-review protocol, formal screening, risk-of-bias assessment…

Circulating Tumor DNA as a Predictor of Recurrence and Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma Treated With Dermatologic Surgery: A Review.

BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) measures cancer-specific genetic material migrated from a tumor to a patient's bloodstream. Limited research exists aggregating data on ctDNA as a measure of recurrence, treatment success, and survival in patients with melanoma. OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to evaluate evidence for ctDNA as a measurement of recurrence and survival, and how those results differ by tumor grade and measurement time point in cutaneous melanoma treated with dermatologic surgery. METHODS: An OVID Medline search and manual filtering resulted in six studies meeting the inclusi…

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A narrative review.

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND: This review summarizes current insights into Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) diagnosis, management, and outcomes. RCVS is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent thunderclap headaches and transient segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, typically resolving within 3 months. METHODS: A comprehensive database search was performed across MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Although often self-limiting, RCVS may cause complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and cerebral…

Effectiveness of clozapine as a transdiagnostic treatment for aggression: a systematic review.

Clozapine has been used for treatment-resistant aggression across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. We aimed to comprehensively review the effectiveness of clozapine in the management of aggression. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE up to 8 June 2025. Full-text articles examining the effects of clozapine on aggression and violence in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders were included. In total, 75 papers were included; 49 papers focused on patients with schizophrenia and consisted of randomised controlled trials (n = 9), registry studies (n = 3), pros…

Safety and efficacy of the pulsed field ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as an innovative non-thermal approach with significant promise for treating atrial fibrillation (AF). However, comparative data between PFA and thermal ablation (TA, including cryoballoon ablation [CBA] and radiofrequency ablation [RFA]) for persistent AF (PerAF) remain limited. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to include all relevant studies that compared PFA with TA. RESULTS: Six trials involving 1610 patients were included in the study. Pooled analyses revealed that…

Suitability of sedative usage in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The provision of optimal anesthesia care is essential to the safe conduct of cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, evidence regarding … nzodiazepines, barbiturates, ketamine, etomidate, opioids, dexmedetomidine, and remimazolam. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched without date restriction through April 2026. EXPERT OPINION: An optimal blanket anesthetic strategy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains elusive. Thoughtful combinations of multiple agents consid …

Otoplasty for prominent ear: A systematic review of surgical techniques.

Prominent ear is a common auricular malformation that can have long-term psychosocial consequences on affected individuals. Otoplasty remain … n, d) infection, e) keloid or hypertrophic scar formation, and f) haematoma. A search of PubMed and MEDLINE identified 412 papers. Following PICOT framework-guided screening, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality assessment, 22 studies were included: 19 retrospective and three prospective cohort studies. Current medical literature s …