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Acquired neuropathology and its associations with key patterns of placental pathology.

Perinatal brain injury is a major cause of neurodevelopmental disability worldwide. Placental pathology has been implicated as a likely cause of injury to the developing central nervous system (CNS). This study aims to elucidate the associations of multiple placental pathologies and CNS injury, including more subtle brain pathologies associated with adverse neurologic outcomes. Sixty-five subjects that underwent complete post-mortem neuropathologic examination and placental examination were selected for inclusion. Gross images, autopsy reports, and histologic sections from the CNS and placenta…

MR Imaging of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex: Anatomy and Relevant Pathology.

MR imaging of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is technically demanding and highly dependent on the use of optimal tools, including the scanner itself, receiver coils, and imaging sequences. The advent of new techniques incorporating deep learning has meant that the high resolution needed for visualization of the structures and accurate interpretation of findings is becoming widely available. MR imaging remains the primary tool for the imaging evaluation of the TFCC, but concordance with arthroscopy as a reference standard is challenging. Continued technical development and collabo

Lunate pathology mimicking Kienbock's Disease; defining the disease and exploring differentials.

Kienbock's Disease is a rare disease with insidious clinical symptoms and characteristic features on imaging. However, the clinical and radiological findings are similar to many other pathologies affecting the lunate. We present a precise definition of the Kienbock's wrist, and an overview of other pathologies affecting the lunate. Better understanding of the clinical, radiological and arthroscopic findings of these diseases, allows accurate diagnosis and effective management strategy.

Molecular Pathology of Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Cell-Derived Neoplasia: An Update.

CONTEXT.—: Thyroid gland neoplasia comprises the most common group of tumors arising within organs of the endocrine system. Pathogenic molec … ts of the preceding manuscript that have remained salient, as well as advances in thyroid molecular pathology that have transpired in the intervening years. DATA SOURCES.—: Primary literature and review articles were evaluated in order to consider topics addressed in the original review, and to gauge progress that has occurred since its publication. CONCL …

Pathology Seen in Myenteric Plexus in Two Subjects With Waardenburg Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess the neuroglial compartment in the myenteric plexus of two subjects with genetically verified Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type 4 (WS4) and to compare the outcome with four "age-matched" controls. DESIGN: Gut samples from four control cases and from two newborn subjects with WS4, one with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, WS and Hirschprung disease (PCWH) (SOX10, c.769A>T, p.Lys257*) and one with Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WSS) (EDN3, c.472C>T,p.Arg158Cys)-were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Antibodies directe

Predictors of Shoulder Pathology in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain is a frequent but under‑recognized manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), contributing substantially to disability and impaired quality of life. High‑resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (HRUS) offers sensitive detection of structural abnormalities, while the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) provides patient‑reported assessment of pain and function. However, the clinical and laboratory predictors of shoulder pathology and disability in RA remain incompletely defined. METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, 105 RA patients presenting with shoulder pain…

[Mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue: Diagnosis and management of a rare pathology].

Intrathoracic goiters can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary intrathoracic goiters are characterized by the absence of any anatomical connection with the cervical thyroid gland, in contrast to secondary intrathoracic goiters. A rare variant, termed mixed or combined intrathoracic goiter, involves the synchronous presence of both primary and secondary components within the thoracic cavity. Given the rarity and the diagnostic challenges associated with these conditions, we report the case of a patient who presented with a multinodular goiter and a separate right paratracheal mediasti

Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease pathology in a diverse autopsy study.

INTRODUCTION: Apolipoprotein E allele 4 (APOE ε4) is the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most evidence comes from White populations in high-income countries. We investigated APOE and AD pathology in an ethnically diverse Brazilian autopsy cohort. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used Biobank for Aging Studies (BAS) data. AD pathology was evaluated with Braak, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, and Thal criteria. APOE genotypes were obtained from blood or brain tissue. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and educ…

Synthetic α-synuclein fibrils replicate in mice causing MSA-like pathology.

Multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause, typically affecting individuals aged 50-6 … o that conformational templating enables fibril strain replication, resulting in MSA-like inclusion pathology. Notably, the structures of 1B and 1BP are highly similar and mimic the fold of aSyn observed in one protofilament of fibrils isolated from patients with MSA11. Moreover, reinjection of crude mouse brain homogenates containing 1BP into new mice repr …

Characterizing the expression profile of 3R tau pathology in Pick's disease.

Pick's disease (PiD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder defined by dementia, frontotemporal lobe atrophy, and 3-repeat tau inclusions. To elucidate PiD pathobiology, we performed the first bulk transcriptomics study on PiD using short- and long-read sequencing on the parietal cortex of 28 PiD and 15 control samples. We identified several significantly differentially expressed genes, with CCL2 displaying the strongest association with 3-repeat tau pathology and increased burden in PiD compared to those in 4-repeat tau progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases. Investigation of co-expressed g…

Exploring the Interplay of Oral and Systemic Pathology in Sjögren's Disease.

Sjögren's disease (SjD) exemplifies the intricate relationship between oral health and overall systemic wellness. Characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of exocrine glands, it commonly manifests as xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), yet its reach extends well beyond the salivary and lacrimal glands to involve musculoskeletal, renal, pulmonary, and neurological systems. Insights from national patient surveys underscore considerable unmet needs in SjD management, emphasizing the importance of early recognition of oral health challenges. Concurrently, adva

Interleukin-10 limits immune-mediated pathology in chronic subclinical plasmodial infection.

Subclinical parasitemia constitutes the predominant proportion of Plasmodium spp. infections in hyperendemic regions of the world. Elevated … 6 after CD4 neutralization. Our results showed that IL-10 from CD4+ T cells limits immune-mediated pathology in chronic subclinical Pc infection in µMT-/- mice by protecting against excessive inflammatory responses to blood-stage parasites.

Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

IMPORTANCE: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnor … e, cognitive status, amyloid status and presence, location, and number of CMBs. Presence of amyloid pathology was determined based on 42 amino acid-long form of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) levels in cerebrospinal fluid or on amyloid-positron emission tomography. Presence and, in a subset, location (lobar vs deep) and number of CMBs were determined on magnetic …

Effects of depression on thyroid function, pathology and ultrasonography in rats.

To investigate the effects of depression on thyroid function, pathology, and ultrasonography in rats, focusing on inflammatory markers and therapeutic interventions. Depression model rats were randomly divided into three groups: model group, fluoxetine group, and Jingqianshu granules group (10 g/kg/day)—a traditional Chinese medicine with antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects. Depression was induced through chronic restraint stress. Thyroid function was assessed using serum T3, T4, FT3, FT4, and TSH via ELISA. Immunohistochemistry measured IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-…

Making routine head and neck pathology Easy: From dissection to diagnosis.

Resections from the mobile tongue, the oropharynx and neck dissections constitute a large proportion of routine head and neck pathology workload. Histologically detected proximity to margins and prognostic factors like depth of invasion, perineural or lymphovascular invasion, or extranodal extension guide adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This review discusses practical approaches to macroscopic examination of the various types of tongue and oropharyngeal resections and neck dissections. Differential inking and radial sections demonstrate proximity of tumour to margins. The macroscopi…

Калпайны на перекрестке Спинальной Корды, пластиковость и патология.

Зависящие от кальция протезы цистейна, известные как кальпаины, становятся важными регуляторами физиологии спинного мозга, пластичности и патологии. Прежде всего в мозге они оказывают влияние на широкий спектр процессов в спинном мозге, поддерживая нейронный гомеостаз, формируя как синаптическую, так и имманентную пластичность и видоизменяя глиальные реакции. При дисрегулировании кальпаины способствуют патофизиологии травмирующих и нейродегенеративных расстройств спинного мозга, а также их связанным с ними двигательным и сенсорным осложнениям, включая спастику и нейропатическую боль. Одной из

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, known as calpains, emerge as important regulators of spinal cord physiology, plasticity, and pathology. First characterized in the brain, they influence a wide range of processes in the spinal cord, maintaining neuronal homeostasis, shaping both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity, and modulating glial responses. When dysr…

Биомаркеры крови отражают патологию мозга - от общих земель до редких границ.

Понимание патологических изменений в мозге имеет важное значение для принятия решений о лечении травм мозга и заболеваний. Несмотря на значительные достижения в методах сканирования мозга, клиническая практика по-прежнему сталкивается с проблемами из-за зависимости от инфраструктуры и высоких потребностей в ресурсах. В ходе этого обзора изучаются нынешние знания о биомаркерах на основе крови, которые указывают на патологию мозга, которая может помочь в идентификации пациентов, подверженных риску, диагностике пациентов, прогнозировании прогрессии заболеваний и лечении. Мы сосредоточимся на унас

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Understanding pathological changes in the brain is essential for guiding treatment decisions in brain injuries and diseases. Despite signifi … e demands. This review explores the current knowledge on blood-based biomarkers that indicate brain pathology, which can assist in identifying at-risk patients, diagnosing patients, predicting disease progression, and treatment response. We focus on the inherited metabolic disorders X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD …

Pathology and risk stratification-based evaluation of ovarian masses on MRI.

Characterisation of an indeterminate ovarian mass is important as it guides management and clinical outcomes. Ultrasound is the first-line m … orderline and malignant neoplastic ovarian lesions are discussed in this review with a focus on the pathology process accounting for the MRI appearance. Characteristic findings and clues in differentiating a benign lesion from a malignancy are presented in this review.

Multiparametric Ultrasound for Focal Testicular Pathology: A Ten-Year Retrospective Review.

Conventional ultrasonography (US), including greyscale imaging and colour Doppler US (CDUS), is pivotal for diagnosing scrotal pathologies, but it has limited specificity. Historically, solid focal testicular abnormalities often led to radical orchidectomy. This retrospective study evaluated the utilisation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and strain elastography (SE) in investigating intratesticular focal abnormalities. A total of 124 cases were analysed. This study underscored the superior diagnostic capabilities of CEUS in detecting vascular enhancement in all malignant cases, even th

Is Routine Pathology Evaluation of Tissue Removed for Fertility Preservation Necessary?

BACKGROUND: For all fertility preservation (FP) cases at our institution, a biopsy is performed for routine pathology from all gonadal tissue removed. This is not standard at all centers. We reviewed our experience with biopsy for pathological evaluation of ovarian and testicular specimens in FP cases to determine clinical utility. METHODS: The medical records of individuals who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) or testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTC) between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed under an IRB-approved study at a free-standing tertiary care children's h…