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The Role of Host Cholesterol During Flavivirus Infection.

In recent years the emergence and resurgence of arboviruses have generated a global health alert. Among arboviruses, Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) virus, belong to the genus Flavivirus, cause high viremia and occasionally fatal clinical disease in humans. Given the genetic austerity of the virus, they depend on cellular factors and organelles to complete its replication. One of the cellular components required for flavivirus infection is cholesterol. Cholesterol is an abundant lipid in biomembranes of eukaryotes cells and is necessary to maintain the cellu…

Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.

At present, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology is an indispensable tool for the detection and quantification of viral geno … previously reported DENV inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA). Moreover, other RNA viruses, including yellow fever virus (YFV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and measles virus (MeV), can be quantified by direct RT-qPCR with the same protocol. Therefore, the direct RT-qPCR assay described in this report is useful for monitoring RNA virus replication in a simple and …

Discovery of Novel Druggable Sites on Zika Virus NS3 Helicase Using X-ray Crystallography-Based Fragment Screening.

The flavivirus family contains several important human pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue, West Nile, and Yellow Fever viruses, that collectively lead to a large, global disease burden. Currently, there are no approved medicines that can target these viruses. The sudden outbreak of ZIKV infections in 2015⁻2016 posed a serious threat to global public health. While the epidemic has receded, persistent reservoirs of ZIKV infection can cause reemergence. Here, we have used X-ray crystallography-based screening to discover two novel sites on ZIKV NS3 helicase that can bind drug-like fragm…

Vaccination coverage among children and adolescents below 18 years of age in French Guiana: inventory and determinant factors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the vaccination coverage (VC) rate in persons aged from 9 months to 18 years and to des … ed, polytomic, and ordered regression model. RESULTS: For compulsory vaccination, VC was 81.2% for yellow fever, 63.4% for diphtheria, 61.7% for tetanus, and 61.6% for poliomyelitis. The proportion of people with complete immunization for recommended vaccines remains well below 50% (11.7% for pneumococcus and 6.2% for meningitis). Regardless of the vaccine, r …

Psoriasis and infection. A clinical practice narrative.

The Australasian Psoriasis Collaboration has developed a clinical practice narrative with respect to the relationship between psoriasis, its … modify the risk and the need for psoriasis control. Live vaccines (e.g. MMR, varicella, zoster and yellow fever) are generally contraindicated in patients with psoriasis on immune-modulatory agents, but this depends on the degree of immune suppression and individual risk factors. Wound healing in psoriasis is normal. Treatment with infliximab, adalimumab, eta …

Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Omics: Salivary Gland Proteome of the Female Aedes aegypti Mosquito.

The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is an important vector for several tropical and subtropical diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika and yellow fever. The disease viruses infect the mosquito and subsequently spread to the salivary glands after which the viruses can be transmitted to humans with probing or feeding by the mosquito. Omics systems sciences offer the opportunity to characterize vectors and can inform disease surveillance, vector control and development of innovative diagnostics, personalized medicines, vaccines, and insecticide targets. Using high-resolution mass spectromet…

[Laboratory susceptibility tests of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora].

INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya viruses, and Culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of St. Louis and West Nile encephalitis viruses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate infectivity of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora N4 in C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty second-instar larvae of the two mosquito species were exposed each to different doses (0:1, 1:1, 5:1, 15:1, 100:1, 500:1, 750:1 and 1,500:1) of nematode infective juveniles. Four replications per dose were performed. RESULTS: Parasitis…

Zika Virus Mosquito Vectors: Competence, Biology, and Vector Control.

Zika virus (ZIKV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) has become one of the most medically important mosquito-borne viruses because of its ability to … s aegypti. Other arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti include the 2 flaviviruses dengue virus and yellow fever virus and the alphavirus chikungunya virus, which are also (re)emerging viruses in the Americas. This mosquito vector is highly domesticated, living in close association with humans in urban households. Its eggs are desiccation resistant, and the la …

Effects on the anti-ABO titers of military blood donors from a predeployment vaccination program.

BACKGROUND: The use of blood group O as "universal blood" for emergency whole blood transfusions carries the risk for a hemolytic transfusio … B, influenza, measles, meningitis, mumps, pertussis, polio, rubella, TBE virus, tetanus, typhus and yellow fever. Paired antibody titrations were performed for both IgM and IgG using microtube gelcards (Diamed GMBH). RESULTS: No crew member, including the six belonging to the "high titer" group, showed a sign of a booster effect by any of the used vaccines. …

Trypsin inhibitor from Leucaena leucocephala seeds delays and disrupts the development of Aedes aegypti, a multiple-disease vector.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the Aedes aegypti mosquito represents a serious public health issue in view of the large outbreaks of the arboviral diseases zika, dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. This holometabolous insect has midgut digestive enzymes that are trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteins. Protease inhibitors are able to bind to proteolytic enzymes and promote a blockage in digestion and nutrition, leading to death. Thus, we investigated the effect of trypsin inhibitor of Leucaena leucocephala (LTI) seeds on egg hatching, larval development and digestive midgut proteases. RESULTS: LTI w…

Mosquito repellent activity of volatile oils from selected aromatic plants.

Essential oils from fresh leaves of four aromatic plants viz., Ocimum sanctum, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus and Plectranthus amboini … s and their blend as mosquito repellents against Ae. aegypti, the vector of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever.

Transmission of Zika Virus Through Sexual Contact with Travelers to Areas of Ongoing Transmission - Continental United States, 2016.

Zika virus is a flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. Although spread is primarily by Aedes species mosquitoes, two instances of sexual transmission of Zika virus have been reported, and replicative virus has been isolated from semen of one man with hematospermia. On February 5, 2016, CDC published recommendations for preventing sexual transmission of Zika virus. Updated prevention guidelines were published on February 23. During February 6-22, 2016, CDC received reports of 14 instances of suspected sexual transmission of Zika virus. Among these, two labora…

A CRISPR screen defines a signal peptide processing pathway required by flaviviruses.

Flaviviruses infect hundreds of millions of people annually, and no antiviral therapy is available. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-b … ulted in markedly reduced yield of all Flaviviridae family members tested (West Nile, Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and hepatitis C viruses), but had little impact on alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus infection or the surface expression or secretion of diverse host proteins. We found that SPCS1 dependence could be bypassed by replacin …

Zika virus: a new arboviral public health problem.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family and transmitted to human through infected mosquitos (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). Virus is closely related with other flaviviruses; dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus phylogenetically. Due to the possible relationship between virus and clinical features including microcephaly, ventricule, and eye deformities, Guillain-Barre syndrome increases the interest on this virus gradually. Along with the vector-borne transmission, exposure via blood transfusion and sexual c…

A sodium channel variant in Aedes aegypti as a candidate pathogen sensor for viral-associated molecular patterns.

Recent work demonstrated that a splice variant of a human macrophage voltage-gated sodium channel expressed on endosomes acts as an intracel … rate excitable membranes. A database search revealed that the AAEL006019 gene in Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel that is distinct from genes that encode para-like sodium channels. As compared to para-like channels, the protein products from this gene have deletions in the N-terminus and in the DII-DIII linker re …

Meta-analysis of studies on chemical, physical and biological agents in the control of Aedes aegypti.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is a vector of international concern because it can transmit to humans three important arboviral diseases: yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya. Epidemics that are repeated year after year in a variety of urban centers indicate that there are control failures, allowing the vector to continue expanding. METHODS: To identify the most effective vector control strategies and the factors that contributed to the success or failure of each strategy, we carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis of articles published in 12 databases, from 1974 to the month of Decembe…

Phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus inactivates dengue virus and other enveloped viruses by disrupting the viral envelope.

The Flaviviridae family includes several virus pathogens associated with human diseases worldwide. Within this family, Dengue virus is the m … ase A2 isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus was able to inhibit Dengue virus and Yellow fever virus infection in Vero cells. Here, we present evidence that phospholipase A2 has a direct effect on Dengue virus particles, inducing a partial exposure of genomic RNA, which strongly suggests inhibition via the cleavage of glycerophospholipids at …

Post-integration silencing of piggyBac transposable elements in Aedes aegypti.

The piggyBac transposon, originating in the genome of the Lepidoptera Trichoplusia ni, has a broad host range, making it useful for the development of a number of transposon-based functional genomic technologies including gene vectors, enhancer-, gene- and protein-traps. While capable of being used as a vector for the creation of transgenic insects and insect cell lines, piggyBac has very limited mobility once integrated into the genome of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. A transgenic Aedes aegypti cell line (AagPB8) was created containing three integrated piggyBac elements and the re…

Термодинамическая стабильность домена III от белка оболочки флавивирусов и его улучшение молекулярной конструкцией.

Флавивирусный род включает широко распространенные и тяжелые человеческие патогены, такие как четыре серотипа вируса денге (DENV1-DENV4), вирус желтой лихорадки, японский энцефалит и вирус Западного Нила. Домен III (ED3) белка вирусного конверта взаимодействует с клеточными рецепторами и содержит эпитопы, признанные вирусом нейтрализации антител. Его структурные, антигенные и иммуногенные свойства были тщательно изучены вопреки его физико-химическим свойствам. Здесь в периплазме Escherichia coli были произведены области ED3 вышеупомянутых патогенных флавивирусов. Их термодинамическая стабильно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Flavivirus genus includes widespread and severe human pathogens like the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1 to DENV4), yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Domain III (ED3) of the viral envelope protein interacts with cell receptors and contains epitopes recognized by virus neutralizing antibodies. Its structural, antig…

Situating mortality: quantifying crisis points and periods of stability.

A wide range of stressors can cause a dramatic and sudden rise in the death rate in populations, typically resulting in what is referred to … ituted moments of excessive mortality in the range of a crisis or higher. These included epidemics (yellow fever and influenza in Gibraltar only, and cholera) and casualties associated with World War II. Episodes of lower than expected mortality were only detected (although not significant) in the 20th century in Malta, and at the micro level, the harvesting e …