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When the human viral infectome and diseasome networks collide: towards a systems biology platform for the aetiology of human diseases.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection is a major challenge towards the discovery of new antiviral drugs and susceptibility factors of human diseases. New advances in the field are expected from systems-level modelling and integration of the incessant torrent of high-throughput "-omics" data. RESULTS: Here, we describe the Human Infectome protein interaction Network, a novel systems virology model of a virtual virus-infected human cell concerning 110 viruses. This in silico model was applied to comprehensively explore the molecular relations…

New developments in vaccine research--unveiling the secret of vaccine adjuvants.

Since the first mass vaccination against smallpox and its eventual eradication, many more vaccines have been developed based on advances in bacteriology and virology and the use of attenuated live or killed whole pathogens. Immunological discoveries have allowed the development of more refined anti-toxin and conjugate vaccines, while biotechnology provided the tools for rationally designed, genetically engineered vaccines. Many challenges remain in developing safer and more effective vaccines against the more complex diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV-AIDS, and for the rapid protection agai…

Public hospital-based laboratory experience during an outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections.

The experience of a public hospital virology laboratory during a springtime 2009 outbreak of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in New York State is described. Influenza virus was isolated from 145 of 613 respiratory swab specimens. Symptoms of fever (temperature, 102.7 +/- 0.32 degrees F), cough, upper respiratory infection, myalgia, and headache were reported. Atypical symptoms of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea were also observed. Illness occurred mainly in patients <or=21 years of age (85/145 patients). Only two patients were >or=65 years old. Compared to the results of traditional culture meth…

Разработка мультиплексных ПЦР для обнаружения обычных вирусных патогенов и агентов врожденных инфекций.

Потенциальными причинами врожденной инфекции являются токсоплазма гонди и такие вирусы, как цитомегаловирус (CMV), энтеровирус, вирус гепатита С, герпес простейших вирусов 1 и 2 (HSV-1 и -2), герпесвирус 6, 7 и 8, вирус лимфоцита хориоменингита, парвовирус, вирус краснухи и вирус варицелла-зостера. Тестирование каждого из этих веществ с использованием анализа нуклеиновой кислоты занимает много времени, и наличие таких клинических образцов, как амниотическая жидкость или неонатальная кровь, зачастую ограничено. Цель этого исследования заключалась в разработке мультиплексных ПЦР (mPCRs) для обна

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Potential causes of congenital infection include Toxoplasma gondii and viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, hepatitis C virus … igation of congenital infection and an mPCR for the viruses most commonly requested in a diagnostic virology laboratory (CMV, Epstein-Barr virus, enterovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus). The assays were assessed using known pathogen-positive tissues (cultures, placentae, plasma, and amniotic fluid) and limits of detection were determined for …

Paediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for homozygous beta-thalassaemia, the Dutch experience.

We reviewed the results of the Dutch paediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) program for children receiving HLA-identical BMT for beta-thalassaemia major over an 18-year period. In all, 19 patients underwent a total of 21 transplants in our treatment centre between July 1984 and February 2002. Eight females (age 0.3-12 years; median 5 years) and 11 males (age 0.8-18 years; median 6 years) were included. Information, prospectively collected, included molecular defects, donor genotype, beta/alpha-globin expression rates, serum ferritin levels, hepato-splenomegaly, chelation history, virology scr…

[Small pox--infection, therapy and anaesthesiological management (part 1)].

Smallpox is an acute contagious and sometimes fatal infectious disease. It is caused by the variola-virus. Smallpox is characterized by a ty … enters of Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia and in the Russian Research Center for Virology and Biotechnics in Kolzowo, Sibiria. Threatening infections with smallpox or other microorganisms, used as bioweapons, get a new dimension through global terrorism. The variola-virus represents an optimal candidate for bioweapons. It is easy to repl …

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 with particular attention to the aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of human herpesvirus 8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and Kaposi's sarcoma etiopathogenesis. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Human herpesvirus 8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic …

Molecular basis for attenuation of neurovirulence of a yellow fever Virus/Japanese encephalitis virus chimera vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE).

A yellow fever virus (YFV)/Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) chimera in which the structural proteins prM and E of YFV 17D are replaced with those of the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain is under evaluation as a candidate vaccine against Japanese encephalitis. The chimera (YFV/JEV SA14-14-2, or ChimeriVax-JE) is less neurovirulent than is YFV 17D vaccine in mouse and nonhuman primate models (F. Guirakhoo et al., Virology 257:363-372, 1999; T. P. Monath et al., Vaccine 17:1869-1882, 1999). Attenuation depends on the presence of the JEV SA14-14-2 E protein, as shown by the high neurovirulence of an …

Mutations in the E2 glycoprotein of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus confer heparan sulfate interaction, low morbidity, and rapid clearance from blood of mice.

The arbovirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), causes disease in humans and equines during periodic outbreaks. A murine model, w … L. Davis, N. Powell, G. F. Greenwald, L. V. Willis, B. J. Johnson, J. F. Smith, and R. E. Johnston, Virology 183, 20-31, 1991). Tissue culture adaptation also selected for the ability to bind heparan sulfate as evidenced by inhibition of plaque formation by heparin, decreased infectivity for CHO cells deficient for heparan sulfate, and tight binding to hep …

[A basic study on the association of Epstein-Barr virus with nasopharyngeal carcinoma--detection and genotypic analysis of Epstein-Barr virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Japanese patients].

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with two human malignant diseases, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and endemic Burkitt's l … the 10 cases, and the other 3 cases had a separated BamHI-I1* fragment. As reported by Lung et al. (Virology, 177: 44-53, 1990), the type C variant appears to be dominant among Japanese strains, as it is in Southern China. In contrast to their findings, however, the "f" variant with an extra BamHI site in the BamHI-F region which they found to be strongly …

Spectrum of hepatitis B virus infection in Ethiopia.

A total of 304 Ethiopian patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B have been found to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at the Virology Section of the Central Laboratory and Research Institute in Addis Ababa over the period 1981-1984. On the basis of the spectrum of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the 304 patients could be divided into 5 groups. The first group includes the vast majority of the patients, i.e., up to 85% (260/304) and is characterized by rapid clearance of HBsAg and by rapid recovery from infection. In this group of patients, hepatitis B was a self-limitin…

[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE); clinical and epidemiological observations of 56 cases studied from 1956 to 1978].

Epidemiological observations on 56 cases of SSPE studied at the Institute of Virology of the University of Milan between 1956 and 1978 and the clinical features of 47 of them, all hospitalized at the Neurologic Institute "C. Besta" of Milan, are reported. The criteria adopted for the diagnosis of the cases, the symptoms at onset and the signs of involvement of CNS eventually present before SSPE and illustrated. Age at onset of SSPE was between 2 and 25 years, average 9,4 years; survival varied from 2 months to 2 years in 20 cases, from 25 months to 7 years in 9 patients while 3 children are st…

Influenza virus-specific RNA and protein syntheses in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the genome segment encoding nonstructural proteins.

Virus-specific protein and RNA syntheses have been analyzed in chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with two group IV temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza A (fowl plague) virus in which the ts lesion maps in RNA segment 8 (J. W. Almond, D. McGeoch, and R. D. Barry, Virology 92:416-427, 1979), known to code to code for two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. Both mutants induced the synthesis of similar amounts of all the early virus-specific proteins (P1, P2, P3, NP, and NS1) at temperatures that were either permissive (34 degrees C) or nonpermissive (40.5 degrees C) for replic…

[Network for the epidemiological survey of the enteroviruses in sewage (author's transl)].

Poliomyelitis still occurs each year in France: 27 cases in 1973, 21 cases in each of 1974 and 1975, 8 cases in 1976. Because of the risk, a … were sent to the Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Virale. Since 1975, samples have been sent to a local virology laboratory when available. The sewage samples were concentrated according to SHUVAL's or LUND's methods depending on the local conditions. Both methods tested in our laboratory were found equally efficient. In order to improve their technical labora …

Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer: biological mechanisms, clinical advances, and future perspectives.

Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment that combines selective tumor destruction with potent stimulation of antitumor immunity. Unlike conventional therapies, oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate within malignant cells while sparing normal tissues, leading to direct tumor lysis and the release of tumor-associated antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and damage-associated molecular patterns that activate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Advances in molecular virology and genetic engineering have transformed naturally occur…

Dual-barrier mechanism of superinfection exclusion in Newcastle disease virus: nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase cooperate to block secondary infection.

Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is a well-documented phenomenon in virology, wherein a primary viral infection prevents subsequent infection by the same or closely related viruses through various mechanisms. This phenomenon has been observed with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NDV-mediated SIE remain unclear. In this study, we elucidate a dual-barrier mechanism of NDV-mediated SIE, involving both the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein. Our findings demonstrate that NDV SIE …

A Review of Respiratory Infection Caused by the Human Metapneumovirus: Occurrence, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Public Health Outcomes, and Intervention Strategies.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections, particularly in children, older … based on relevance to epidemiological patterns, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, molecular virology, immunopathogenesis, and intervention strategies, including vaccine development. RESULTS: hMPV exhibits global circulation with distinct seasonal and regional patterns. Clinical manifestations often mimic other respiratory viruses, making different …

Enterovirus-D68-Neglected Pathogen in Acute Respiratory Infections: Insights from Croatia.

BACKGROUND: Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) was long underreported, with only sporadic cases of respiratory disease worldwide until 2014, when nume … om individuals with acute respiratory infection and additional clinical symptoms were tested at the Virology Laboratory of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, and EV-positive samples were further screened using the real-time RT-qPCR method for EV-D68. VP1 sequences were obtained by sequencing and subsequently genotyped. RESULTS: Between March 2022 an …

Codon-Pair Deoptimized (CPD) Intranasal RSV Vaccines: A Novel Strategy for Infant Protection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered the leading causative agent of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and young child … of clear correlates of immunity, and immune naivety in infants. Recent breakthroughs in structural virology and immunology have provided insights into protective immunity against RSV, especially regarding neutralizing antibodies that recognize the virus in its prefusion conformation of the viral F protein. Among promising vaccine candidates, intranasal li …

Hepatitis B Research in Peru, 1988-2023: Geographic Inequities, Thematic Gaps, and Misalignment with Disease Burden.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public-health challenge in Peru, particularly in historically hyperendemic Amazonian and A … t predominance of epidemiology, seroprevalence, and vaccination-related research, whereas molecular virology, therapeutics, and translational research remained peripheral or poorly represented. International collaboration was markedly limited. Overall, Peruvian HBV research has expanded quantitatively but remains geographically centralized and shows only l …