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Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following treatment of lymphoid malignancies.

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is a heterogeneous entity most frequently related to breast cancer or lymphoproliferative diseases (LD). Population-based studies have reported an increased risk of t-AML after treatment of lymphomas. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome of 80 consecutive cases of t-AML following treatment of LD. t-AML accounted for 2.3% of all AML cases, occurred 60 months after LD diagnosis, and were characterized by a high frequency of FAB M6 AML and poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. Time to t-AML diagnosis was influenced by

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… In therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia, mitoxantrone, etoposide, and doxorubicin have been shown to induce DNA cleavage at specific genomic hot spot sites in PML and RARA genes, leading to t(15;17) translocation. …

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

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… Other animal studies showed quercetin administration before and during treatment with etoposide could reduce bone marrow hypoplasia and the level of oxidative DNA damage in rats. … The number of myeloid precursors and nucleated erythroid cells was significantly increased by pre-treatment with quercetin followed by etoposide compared to appropriate controls. The others demonstrated the effects of WEHI-3 cells treated with Quercetin in BALB/c mice. …

The 48th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Nurses Group - Poster Sessions (NP001 - NP054).

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Multiple Facets of Autophagy and the Emerging Role of Alkylphosphocholines as Autophagy Modulators.

Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep process and functions as passage for degrading and recycling protein aggregates and defective organelles in eukaryotic cells. Based on the nature of these materials, their size and degradation rate, four types of autophagy have been described, i.e. chaperone mediated autophagy, microautophagy, macroautophagy, and selective autophagy. One of the major regulators of this process is mTOR, which inhibits the downstream pathway of autophagy following the activation of its complex 1 (mTORC1). Alkylphosphocholine (APC) derivatives represent a novel class of a

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… 2016 ) NCT03598595 | Phase I/II, NR, OL | Gemcitabine, docetaxel, and hydroxychloroquine in treating participants with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma | Gemcitabine, Docetaxel, and HCQ | January 28, 2019–March 2, 2020 | Ongoing NCT02631252 | Phase I, NR, OL | Phase I Study of mitoxantrone and etoposide … combined with hydroxychloroquine, for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia | Mitoxantrone and Etoposide and HCQ | August 18, 2016–October 2, 2017 | Terminated due to inability to accrue. …

Antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) represent a distinct family of chemoimmunotherapy agents. ADCs are composed of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to cytotoxic payloads via specialized chemical linkers. ADCs therefore combine the immune therapy with targeted chemotherapy. Due to the distinct biomarkers associated with lymphocytes and plasma cells, ADCs have emerged as a promising treatment option for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma. Several ADCs have been approved for clinical applications: brentuximab vedotin, inotuzumab ozogamicin, moxetumomab pasudotox, and polatuzumab vedotin. More

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… BV plus etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and dexamethasone (BrECADD), a modified first-line treatment for advanced classical HL by incorporating BV was reported with an 88% CR rate and a more favorable toxicity profile ( NCT01569204 ) [ 64 ]. … Two phase II trials were evaluating the combination of SGN-CD19A and other regimens ( NCT02855359 : R-CHP or R-CHOP; NCT02592876 : RICE [rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide]) in DLBCL, but were currently on hold. …

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response.

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatm

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… cells, monocytes, and macrophages. 163 In IA/IB studies, the Tim-3 blocking antibody LY3321367 was well tolerated as a single agent or in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. 164 In addition, in one patient with extensive stage PD-L1-negative small cell lung cancer that was resistant to cisplatin/etoposide …

Unravelling T cell exhaustion through co-inhibitory receptors and its transformative role in cancer immunotherapy.

Persistent stimulation from cancer antigens leads to T lymphocytes (T cells) exhaustion, with up-regulated expression of co-inhibitory receptors, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT). These receptors collectively impair T cell function via distinct molecular pathways, contributing to immune evasion and cancer progression. This review highlights the therapeutic promise of immune checkpoint inhibito

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… For instance, combing atezolizumab (a PD‐L1 mAb) with carboplatin and etoposide, is approved for treating ES‐SCLC. 194 In a phase 3 trial involving ESCC, toripalimab (a PD‐1 mAb) addition to standard first‐line chemotherapy significantly prolonged PFS and OS. 195 As ICIs function by relieving immune … SKYSCRAPER‐02: primary results of a phase III, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of atezolizumab (atezo) plus carboplatin plus etoposide (CE) with or without tiragolumab (tira) in patients (pts) with untreated extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) . …

Гут Микробиота Нарушение гематологовой терапии рака: Молекулярное понимание и последствия для эффективности лечения.

Гематологическая магнелезность (ГМ), включая лейкемию, лимфому и множественные миеломы, связана с бесконтрольным распространением аномальных кровеносных клеток, что создает серьезные клинические проблемы из-за их неоднородности и различных методов лечения. Несмотря на недавние достижения в области лечения, благодаря которым повысились показатели выживаемости, особенно в случае хронической лимфоцитической лейкемии и острой лимфоболической лейкемии, такие методы лечения, как химиотерапия и трансплантация стволовых клеток, часто нарушают микробиоту, что может негативно сказаться на результатах ле

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… Topoisomerase inhibitors, such as etoposide and topotecan, block enzymes essential for DNA replication, while mitotic inhibitors, like vincristine and paclitaxel, disrupt cell division. … Lehouritis et al. (2015) demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of cladribine, etoposide phosphate, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone was decreased by bacteria, consistent with other findings [ 81 ]. Zhou et al. (2017) found that methotrexate-treated mice showed significant changes in the gut microbiota. …

Signaling pathways in the regulation of cytokine release syndrome in human diseases and intervention therapy.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) embodies a mixture of clinical manifestations, including elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms and secondary organ dysfunction, which was first described in the context of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and was later observed in pandemics of influenza, SARS-CoV and COVID-19, immunotherapy of tumor, after chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy, and in monogenic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Particularly, severe CRS is a very significant and life-threatening co

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… Glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, etoposide, anti-thymocyte globulin, and cytotoxic chemotherapies are effective in controlling both primary and secondary HLH by suppressing or eliminating T cells and other immune cells. 101 In addition, anti-IL-1 antibodies, anti-IL-6 antibodies, JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitors … Etoposide selectively ablates activated T cells to control the immunoregulatory disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J. Immunol. 2014;192:84–91. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302282. 102. Kiriakidou M, Ching CL. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Intern. …

Immunological Approaches Towards Cancer and Inflammation: A Cross Talk.

The inflammation is the protective response of the body against various harmful stimuli; however, the aberrant and inappropriate activation tends to become harmful. The acute inflammatory response tends to resolved once the offending agent is subside but this acute response becomes chronic in nature when the body is unable to successfully neutralized the noxious stimuli. This chronic inflammatory microenvironment is associated with the release of various pro-inflammatory and oncogenic mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines [IL-1β, IL-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α

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… The standard therapeutic protocol against the advanced small cell lung cancer is cispaltin + etoposide (C + E); however, most patients treated with this protocol have limited survival rate and showed higher relapse rate ( 157 ). …

Следующие биомаркеры в нескольких миеломах: расширение диагностики, стратификация рисков и достоверная терапия за пределами нынешних руководящих принципов.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — онкогематологическая неоплазма, характеризующаяся аномальным распространением неопластических плазменных клеток в костном мозге и чрезмерным сечением моноклонных антител в кровоток. Примерно 3 в адрес 5% :: пациенты, имеющие разновидность болезни, в которой нет секреции моноклонных белков, характеризующие несекретарскую картину MM. Она имеет весьма сложную и разнородную генетическую сигнатуру, позволяющую классифицировать болезнь в предмалярные организмы и симптомные формы. В этом контексте был проведен комплексный обзор описательной части, охватывающий геномные, э

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… Bone Microenvironment Modulation | Bone-modifying agents | Inhibit osteoclast activation | RANK/RANKL pathway | Zoledronic acid, Pamidronate, Denosumab Other Cytotoxic/Supportive Therapy | Traditional chemotherapy | DNA or microtubule disruption | Non-specific | Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Etoposide …

Wisely frugal: ensuring sustainable funding for novel cancer therapeutics through a budget impact analysis in resource-limited settings.

IntroductionCancer care in Sri Lanka is predominantly provided through its state health system which is free at the point of delivery. We performed a budget impact analysis of novel cancer drugs with a view to enabling better prioritising of their procurement.MethodsMedian survival gain was obtained for each indication of a novel cancer drug by a review of the literature. The direct cost of drug procurement was obtained from the Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka and the cost per life year gained was computed for each indication. Two thresholds - per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per life y

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… Dactinomycin | 8 cycles of 0.75 mg / m 2 days 1 and 2 per cycle (VAI) | 509 Daunorubicin | 3 cycles of 60 mg / m 2 days 1–3 per cycle | 115 Doxorubicin | 8 cycles of 50 mg/m 2 per cycle (CHOP) | 46 Exemestane | 25 mg daily for 5 years | 330 Epirubicin | 6 cycles of 100 mg/m 2 per cycle (FEC-100) | 120 Etoposide …

The New Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a genetically heterogeneous cancer that accounts for 10-15% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases. The T-ALL event-free survival rate (EFS) is 85%. The evaluation of structural and numerical chromosomal changes is important for a comprehensive biological characterization of T-ALL, but there are currently no genetic prognostic markers. Despite chemotherapy regimens, steroids, and allogeneic transplantation, relapse is the main problem in children with T-ALL. Due to the development of high-throughput molecular methods, the ability to defin

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… A combination of nelarabine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide in the reinduction led to 44% remission rates for the first relapse of T-ALL [ 10 ]. …

Cancer Patients at Risk for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. A Case and Control Study Analyzing Predictors of MRONJ Onset.

The goal of this investigation was to identify potential risk factors to predict the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Through the identification of the multiple variables positively associated to MRONJ, we aim to write a paradigm for integrated MRONJ risk assessment built on the combined analysis of systemic and local risk factors. The characteristics of a cohort of cancer patients treated with zoledronic acid and/or denosumab were investigated; beyond the set of proven risk factors a new potential one, the intake of new molecules for cancer therapy, was addressed.

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… a generic drug) Cyclophosphamide (available as a generic drug) Eribulin (Halaven) Fluorouracil (5-FU) Gemcitabine (Gemzar) Methotrexate (Methorexate) Protein-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane) Vinorelbine (Navelbine) Cabazitaxel (Jevtana) Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) Estramustine (Emcyt) Melphalan (Alkeran) Etoposide …

Systematic Review of Intravenous Ascorbate in Cancer Clinical Trials.

BackgroundAscorbate (vitamin C) has been evaluated as a potential treatment for cancer as an independent agent and in combination with standard chemotherapies. This review assesses the evidence for safety and clinical effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ascorbate in treating various types of cancer.MethodsSingle arm and randomized Phase I/II trials were included in this review. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Results were screened by three of the authors (GN, RP, and CJP) to determine if they met inclusion criteria, and then summarized using a narrative approach.Result

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… Kawada et al. reported a similar study in patients with relapsed lymphoma ( n = 3) that were treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, etoposide, and dexamethasone alongside IV ascorbate (75 g twice weekly) [ 64 ]. …

Allograft for Myeloma: Examining Pieces of the Jigsaw Puzzle.

Multiple myeloma (MM) cure remains elusive despite the availability of newer anti-myeloma agents. Patients with high-risk disease often suffer from early relapse and short survival. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an "immune-based" therapy that has the potential to offer long-term remission in a subgroup of patients, at the expense of high rates of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) upon disease relapse after allo-HCT is able to generate an anti-myeloma response suggestive of a graft-versus-myeloma effect. Allo-HCT provides a

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… GVHD, graft versus host disease; response rate, complete or partial response; MRD, matched related donor; MUD, matched unrelated donor; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; DCEP, dexamethasone; cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin; DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion . …

Oral Mucositis Induced By Anticancer Therapies.

Oral mucositis induced by conventional cytotoxic cancer therapies is a common and significant clinical problem in oncology. Mucositis symptoms, which include severe pain, may lead to dose reductions and unplanned interruptions of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and often affect patients' quality of life. In addition, ulcerative mucositis represents a risk factor for local or systemic infectious complications that may be life-threatening in immunosuppressed patients. The development of biologically based targeted cancer therapies, which aim to block the growth, spread, and survival of tumors

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… A large prospective European study found that 67 % of multiple myeloma patients treated with high-dose melphalan followed by autologous HSCT developed ulcerative OM (WHO grade ≥ 2), whereas ulcerative OM occurred in 60 % of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients treated with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine …

Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport as a therapeutic target of cancer.

Shuttling of specific proteins out of the nucleus is essential for the regulation of the cell cycle and proliferation of both normal and malignant tissues. Dysregulation of this fundamental process may affect many other important cellular processes such as tumor growth, inflammatory response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It is known that XPO1 (Exportin-1/Chromosome Region Maintenance 1/CRM1) is the main mediator of nuclear export in many cell types. Nuclear proteins exported to the cytoplasm by XPO1 include the drug targets topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) and BCR-ABL and tumor suppressor proteins s

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… Synthetic ratjadone analog C (Figure 2 h) inhibits nuclear export of topo IIα and sensitizes drug-resistant human multiple myeloma cells to the topo IIα inhibitors doxorubicin and etoposide when used at nanomolar concentrations [ 72 ]. …

The evolving landscape of CAR T cell therapy in children and young adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable ability to render multiple relapsed and refractory patients into a deep and often durable remission. Since initial FDA approval of tisagenlecleucel in 2017, real-world data have shown the benefit of this therapy, even among historically complex populations, such as infants, children with Down syndrome, and those with extramedullary leukemia. Despite the success of CAR T cell therapy, nearly half of patients tend to show relapsed disease, demanding ongoing advancements. Furthermore, the incorporation of the bispecific T cell e

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… typically begins with lymphodepleting (LD) chemotherapy in order to reduce regulatory T cells and facilitate an immune environment for CAR T cell survival and expansion. 26 LD containing fludarabine has demonstrated improved event-free survival (EFS) compared to regimens of cyclophosphamide alone or with etoposide … context of CD22 CAR T cells, in which steroids and anakinra are introduced in response to rising ferritin levels, rather than the formal IEC-HS diagnosis, aiming to prevent high-grade IEC-HS and reduce need for prolonged steroid therapy. 51 While steroids and anakinra remain first-line agents for IEC-HS, etoposide …

HDAC3: A Multifaceted Modulator in Immunotherapy Sensitization.

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has emerged as a critical epigenetic regulator in tumor progression and immune modulation, positioning it as a promising target for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. This work comprehensively explores HDAC3's multifaceted roles, focusing on its regulation of key immune-modulatory pathways such as cGAS-STING, ferroptosis, and the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. These pathways are central to tumor immune evasion, antigen presentation, and immune cell activation. Additionally, the distinct effects of HDAC3 on various immune cell types-including its role in enhancing T cell activation,

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… Another clinical study, NCT04631029 , evaluated the safety of the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat in combination with standard doses of carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). …