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The Controversial Role of IL-33 in Lung Cancer.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, and its structure is similar to IL-18. When cells are damaged or undergo necrosis, mature form of IL-33 is secreted as a cytokine, which can activate the immune system and provide danger signals. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway is composed of IL-33, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has been reported to be strongly associated with lung cancer progression, and can exhibit opposite effects on lung cancer under different conditions. In this review, we have summarized the s

Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation.

Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive

FDA-Approved Drugs Containing Amide Functionality in the Last Five Years (2021-2025): Pharmaceutical Use, Trends and Synthetic Approaches.

The amide functional group remains a cornerstone of medicinal chemistry, serving as an indispensable scaffold in the design of modern therapeutics. This review presents an analysis of FDA-approved drugs (small molecules and peptides with MW ®), amides form the structural backbone of peptidomimetics, enabling high-affinity binding to a viral protease. In precision oncology, as seen with adagrasib (Krazati®), the amide acts as a critical, metabolically stable linker that positions a covalent warhead for selective inhibition of a mutant kinase. This analysis underscores that amide's unique combin

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… Lotilaner Approved on 25 July 2023, lotilaner ( 48 , brand name Xdemvy ® , Figure 35 a) is an isoxazoline-class antiparasitic drug used to kill parasites such as mites, fleas, and ticks. It is available in both human and veterinary formulations [ 145 , 146 ]. … Lotilaner works by targeting parasite chloride channels, leading to the paralysis and death of mites, fleas, and ticks. …

Role of IL-5 in eosinophil-associated diseases and prospects for multi-target therapy.

Eosinophil-associated diseases are a group of inflammatory disorders characterized by abnormal eosinophil infiltration, which significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Interleukin-5 (IL-5), a critical cytokine that regulates eosinophil development, activation, chemotaxis, and survival, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review systematically examines the molecular structure and signaling pathways of IL-5, its mechanisms of action in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the development and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodie

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… Additionally, elevated phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathway members (p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38), key inflammatory mediators, have been observed in lung tissues from a mouse model of allergic asthma and in airway epithelial cells stimulated by house dust mites ( 29 ). …

Innovative Approaches in Bone Tissue Engineering: Strategies for Cancer Treatment and Recovery.

Cancer has rapidly emerged as a leading global cause of premature mortality, with significant economic implications projected to reach USD 25.2 trillion from 2020 to 2050. Among the various types of cancer, primary bone cancers, though uncommon, are projected to see nearly 4000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2024. The complexity of treating bone cancer arises from its rarity, diversity, and the challenges associated with surgical interventions, metastatic spread, and post-operative complications. Advancements in bone tissue engineering (BTE) have introduced innovative therapeutic

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… . | [ 31 ] Silk | Arthropods (Lepidoptera larvae such as silkworms; arachnids such as spiders, mites, and some scorpions; and some flies) | Biocompatible, biodegradable, flexible processability, high mechanical strength, thermally stable | Slow degradation rate (2–4 years) | [ 32 , 33 , 34 ] Alginate …

Drug-Induced Periocular and Ocular Surface Disorders: An EAACI Position Paper.

Various systemic and topical medications can induce ocular and periocular cutaneous adverse effects (AEs), ranging from mild to severe. These AEs may lead to ocular surface (OS) damage and, in some cases, life-threatening complications. Drug-induced ocular adverse reactions are generally classified into two primary categories: toxic reactions and/or allergic hypersensitivity reactions, which can be IgE or non-IgE-mediated. Systemic antibiotics, antivirals, and anticonvulsants can trigger adverse reactions that may involve the OS. Drugs like antihistamines, beta-blockers, antipsychotics, antide

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… Other proposed mechanisms include superinfection with Demodex mites, OX40 ligand activation, and goblet cell depletion, suggesting similarities between DIOSD and DED [ 7 ]. Clinical Manifestations DIOSD closely resembles atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) with less severe corneal involvement. …

Роль Гут Микробиота в неврологических, психиатрических и неевроразвитых расстройствах.

АИМ: Эта статья направлена на изучение роли человеческого кишечного микробиота (ГМ) в патогенезе неврологических, психиатрических и нейроразвитых расстройств, с уделением особого внимания его влиянию на здоровье и болезни и изучением потенциальных терапевтических стратегий, ориентированных на модификацию ГМ. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Предусмотрен всеобъемлющий анализ состава кишечного микробиота и его взаимодействия с человеческим телом, в частности его роли в неврологических и психиатрических условиях. В обзоре обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на состав ГМ, включая родовой режим, грудное вскармливание

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… Cross-Talk between Airway and Gut Microbiome Links to IgE Responses to House Dust Mites in Childhood Airway Allergies Sci. Rep. 2020 10 13449 10.1038/s41598-020-70528-7 32778700 PMC7417544 92. Inchingolo A.D. Inchingolo A.M. Malcangi G. Avantario P. Azzollini D. Buongiorno S. Viapiano F. …

In vitro расширила человека CD4+CD25+ регуляционные T клетки, подавляющие распространение Т клеток.

Регулирующие Т клетки (Tregs) оказались критически важными в балансе между автоиммунизацией и терпимостью и были связаны с несколькими аутоиммунными заболеваниями человека. Однако небольшое число трегов в периферии крови ограничивает их терапевтический потенциал. Поэтому мы разработали протокол, который позволит расширить "Трегз" при сохранении их подавляющей активности. Мы изолировали клетки CD4+CD25 hi от человеческой периферической крови и расширили их in vitro в присутствии anti-CD3 и anti-CD28 Магнитные кситы и высокие концентрации внешнего интерлейкина (IL) -2. Траги были эффективно расш

Student Summer Research Awards - SSRAAbstracts of the SSRA September 2022 meeting, UCD School of Medicine.

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… The main parasites found were nasal mites ( Halarachne halichoeri) in 43.9% of seals, Anisakis nematodes in the stomach in 25.8% and lungworm ( Otostrongylus circumlitus) in 22.7%. The above findings are similar to those reported in seals in the North Sea and North Atlantic. …

The effectiveness of school-based family asthma educational programs on the quality of life and number of asthma exacerbations of children aged five to 18 years diagnosed with asthma: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify the best available quantitative evidence related to the effectiveness of schoo … other physical activities, allergic hypersensitivity reactions, food additives, animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, outdoor and indoor pollutants, certain medications and cigarette smoke. Asthma is characterized by recurrent, episodic, reversible symptoms often referred to as asthma exacerbations, or asthma attacks. Asthma symptoms include coughing, …

Respiratory and Thoracic Medicine

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Abstracts for NAPCON 2025

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The role of necroptosis in disease and treatment.

Necroptosis, a distinctive type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis or necrosis, triggered by a series of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2, and Fas. In case that apoptosis process is blocked, necroptosis pathway is initiated with the activation of three key downstream mediators which are receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The whole process eventually leads to destruction of the cell membrane integrity, swelling of organelles, and severe inflammation. Ove

Acute and Chronic Respiratory Failure in Cancer Patients

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SGLT2 Inhibitors: From Structure-Effect Relationship to Pharmacological Response.

SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly used due to their effectiveness in improving not only type 2 diabetes but also cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases, as well as the obesity found in metabolic syndrome. Starting from the structure of gliflozins, modifications of the carbohydrate part, aglycone, and also the glycosidic bond between them can determine variations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. SGLT2 inhibitors, in addition to reducing blood glucose levels, improve alterations in lipid metabolism by diverting excessively accumulated lipids in tissues towards mobil

RHOA at the intersection of inflammation-driven and sporadic colorectal cancer.

In the last decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as a global problem, representing approximately 10% of all malignant tumors and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) arises from chronic unresolved inflammation and is typically characterised by poor prognosis. Among key cellular regulators, the small GTPase RHOA controls cytoskeleton dynamics in various cell types and, thereby, key biological processes. Although it has been linked to various diseases, the role of RHOA in cancer remains controversial. RHOA has been proposed as a biomarker in c

Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19.

While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became cont

[Guidelines for the prevention and management of bronchial asthma (2024 edition)].

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a common chronic respiratory disease. Standardized diagnosis, treatment and effective clinical management are critical to improving asthma control, improving patients' quality of life, and reducing the disease burden. Based on the latest evidence-based research from both domestic and international references, the Asthma Group of the Chinese Thoracic Society has revised the "Guidelines for bronchial asthma prevent and management (2020 edition)". This revision supplements the diagnostic pathway, and updates clinical staging, and severity grading of asthma. Furthermor

Abstracts from the 8th Drug Hypersensitivity Meeting (DHM)

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The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of v