Результаты поиска

Genome architecture, rearrangements and genomic disorders.

An increasing number of human diseases are recognized to result from recurrent DNA rearrangements involving unstable genomic regions. These are termed genomic disorders, in which the clinical phenotype is a consequence of abnormal dosage of gene(s) located within the rearranged genomic fragments. Both inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements are facilitated by the presence of region-specific low-copy repeats (LCRs) and result from nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between paralogous genomic segments. LCRs usually span approximately 10-400 kb of genomic DNA, share >or= 97% sequence i

An integrative, multidisciplinary approach to the study of brain-behavior relations in the context of typical and atypical development.

The study of brain development and that of behavioral development have historically proceeded independently of one another. This is an unfortunate set of circumstances, given that the disciplines concerned with development-for example, developmental psychology, pediatrics, psychiatry, clinical psychology, and the neurosciences-have much to learn from each other. Drawing on recent advances in the developmental brain and behavioral sciences, we illustrate the transdisciplinary approach our group has adopted in the service of uniting the research on brain and behavior in the context of developmen

New findings in ocular histoplasmosis.

The ocular histoplasmosis syndrome consists of punched-out, atrophic chorioretinal lesions, and peripapillary scarring in the absence of vitreal inflammation. Choroidal neovascularization is the cause of significant visual loss in involved eyes and is estimated to occur in up to 5% of affected eyes. An experimental primate model has given us a better understanding of the possible etiology and pathogenesis. Laser therapy for extrafoveal and juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization has been shown to be effective. Recent advances in surgical technique and instrumentation have demonstrated the pot

Effect of subchronic bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) oral administration on haematological parameters in monkeys: a preliminary report.

A preliminary study was conducted on adult male crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) orally exposed to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) at doses of 0 and 160 micrograms/kg/day, 6 days/wk, for 22 wk. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or changes in body weight gain were detected during the course of the study. The haematological analyses performed every 2 wk indicated a decrease in total leucocyte count in the treated animals with significant values in wk 8, 10 and 22 of treatment. No differences from controls were noted in clinical chemistry and total tin concentration in blood. These

Direct angioplasty of the basilar artery in baboons.

The lower portion of the basilar artery is a site of significant disease, both aneurysmal and stenotic, but has been considered inaccessible via traditional surgical approaches. A baboon model was used to evaluate the feasibility of a direct surgical reconstruction via a transoral-transclival approach, utilizing temporary occlusion of the basilar artery. An arteriotomy was performed and either repaired primarily or a venous patch graft was sutured in place. All animals survived the surgery; one suffered fatal postoperative upper airway obstruction, but the other four were neurologically intact

Antiviral effect of ribavirin on Junin virus replication in vitro.

The effect of Ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) on the replication in vitro of Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF), was examined. A concentration as low as 3.12 micrograms/ml of the drug inhibited the cytopathic effect observed five days post-infection (pi) on Vero cells. On the other hand, a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml reduced the virus yield and specific antigen formation to undetectable levels. This same concentration of Ribavirin prevented plaque formation under methylcellulose. The high sensitivity of Junin virus to Rib

Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in isolated non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Methods were developed to isolate non-pigmented ciliary epithelium from bovine eyes (BCBE) free from other cell types in the ciliary process. Once background binding due to pigment was minimized, it was possible to assay specific beta adrenergic receptors in these preparations. The BCBE beta adrenergic receptors showed appropriate stereospecificity and an order of binding affinities compatible with a beta 2 adrenergic selectivity. Interestingly, specific high affinity muscarinic cholinergic receptors were detected in both BCBE and primate non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. These muscarinic rece

Clinicopathologic study of six cases of meningitis and meningoencephalitis in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Three fatal cases of purulent meningitis and one fatal case of thromboembolic necrotizing meningoencephalitis occurred in chimpanzees from the Primate Center TNO, The Netherlands. In addition, two apes had clinical signs of meningitis and were successfully treated. The severity of the residual hemiparesis and dysphagia in one of these two apes was such that it was killed for humane reasons. The histopathological diagnosis was chronic active meningoencephalitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from five apes and Klebsiella pneumoniae from one. In the majority of cases, the primary site of

The scanning electron microscopy of compressed vertebral bodies.

Scanning electron microscopy was used in this study to determine the effects of compression at different rates on the structure of trabecular bone in primate vertebral bodies. Rhesus monkey vertebral bodies were subjected to compressive loads at two different strain rates (8.89 x 10(-1) m/sec and 8.89 x 10(-5) m/sec). Each vertebral body was compressed to 50% of its original height. S-shaped bending of trabeculae was present in bodies compressed at the lower strain rate, while fractures were more predominant at the higher strain rate. The percentage of recovered height following compression wa

Neurovascular compression in cranial nerve and systemic disease.

As we age, our arteries elongate and our brains "sag." As a consequence of these processes, redundant arterial loops and bridging or intrinsic hindbrain veins may cause cross-compression of cranial nerve root entry zones in the cerebellopontine angle. This pulsatile compression can be seen to produce hyperactive dysfunction of the cranial nerve. Symptoms of trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia (somatic sensory), hemifacial spasm (somatic motor), tinnitus and vertigo (special sensory) and some cases of "essential" hypertension are caused by these vessels compressing cranial nerves V, IX--X,

The circulatory effects of an acute infusion of anaerobes in a rabbit model.

Results of this study show that an acute infusion of Bacteroides fragilis into a rabbit model is associated with a transitory and minimal lowering of mean arterial pressure. Peak left ventricular systolic pressure and its first derivative decreased significantly, but these abnormalities lasted for less than three minutes. By contrast, an infusion of Fusobacterium necrophorum is associated with a profound depression of mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and its first derivative, circulatory changes which are observed with a gram-negative aerobic infection. The lack of pr

Computed tomography and biomechanical analysis of fossil long bones.

Computerized transverse axial scanning (computed tomography) is a relatively new radiographic technique designed to recover precise cross-sectional images (tomograms) of 3-dimensional objects. This highly sensitive process permits tissues of similar density to be separated and displayed unambiguously. These special features are, therefore, ideal for analyzing the cross-sectional geometry of intact fossil long bones, even when they are highly mineralized and their medullary cavities are occluded by matrix. In order to demonstrate the utility of this method in assessing the complex relationship

Heterologous Prime-Boost with ChAdOx1-VZV Establishes Dual-Layer Immunogenicity Conferring Protective Potential Against Herpes Zoster.

Background/Objectives: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (HZ/shingles), particularly in older adults with weakened cell-medi … munogenicity, with IM prime/IN boost vaccination. Cross species immunogenicity observed in nonhuman primates further strengthens the translational relevance of this platform. These findings support CVE as a promising herpes zoster vaccine candidate and provide a rationale for continued evaluation in human-relevant systems.

Reversible deactivation of motor cortex reveals that areas in parietal cortex are differentially dependent on motor cortex for the generation of movement.

Primates are characterized by specializations for manual manipulation, including expansion of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and, in Catarrhines, evolution of a dexterous hand and opposable thumb. Previous studies examined functional interactions between motor cortex and PPC in New World monkeys and galagos, by inactivating M1 and evoking movements from PPC. These studies found that portions of PPC depend on M1 to generate movements. We now add a species that more closely resembles humans in hand morphology and PPC: macaques. Inactivating portions of M1 resulted in all evoked movements being …

PET-CT for characterising TB infection (TBI) in immunocompetent subjects: a systematic review.

Introduction. There is emerging evidence of a potential role for PET-CT scan as an imaging biomarker to characterise the spectrum of tubercu … t at the time of the initial PET-CT scan.Results. Six studies - four in humans and two in non-human primates (NHP) were included for analysis. All six studies used 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) PET-CT. Features of TBI were comparable between NHP and humans, with 2-[18F]FDG avid intrathoracic lymph nodes observed during early infection. Progr …

GIPR gene expression in testis is mouse specific and can impact male mouse fertility.

BACKGROUND: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (Gipr) gene expression has been reported in mouse spermatids and Gipr knoc … e mice and to determine if the expression of Gipr in mouse testes is similar in non-human and human primates. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adiponectin promoter-driven Gipr knockout male mice (GiprAdipo-/- ) were assessed for in vitro and in vivo fertility, sperm parameters, and testicular histology. CD1 male mice were administered an anti-glucose-dependent insu …

Identification and Genomic Characterization of Parvovirus B19V Genotype 3 Viruses from Cases of Meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India.

Brain infections are a major public health problem in India and other parts of the world, causing both mortality and lifelong disability. Even after a thorough investigation, many cases remain without an etiological diagnosis. Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) has been identified as a pathogen associated with undiagnosed meningoencephalitis in other settings, including the United Kingdom, France, and Latvia. Here, we reported 13/403 (3.2%) B19V PCR positive cases of meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India. The positive samples were mostly from children (10/13, 76.92%) and presented as a spe

Архитектура симского вирусного транскриптома.

Первичная инфекция вирусом варицелла-зостр (VZV) вызывает варицеллу и создает пожизненную латентность в сенсорных ганглионовых нейронах. В трети инфицированных лиц VZV возрождается из запоздалого состояния, чтобы вызвать герпес-зостер, который часто осложняется хронической болью. Экспериментальная инфекция нечеловеческих приматов с симийским вирусом варицелла (SVV) резюмирует большинство особенностей болезни VZV человека, что дает возможность изучить патогенез варицеллы и герпеса зостера в vivo. Однако по сравнению с VZV стенограмма и полный потенциал кодирования SVV по-прежнему не полностью и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and the establishment of lifelong latency in sensory ganglion neurons. In one-third of infected individuals VZV reactivates from latency to cause herpes zoster, often complicated by difficult-to-treat chronic pain. Experimental infection of non-human primates with simian varicella virus (SV…

The microbiome of captive hamadryas baboons.

BACKGROUND: The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) is a highly social primate that lives in complex multilevel societies exhibiting a wide range of group behaviors akin to humans. In contrast to the widely studied human microbiome, there is a paucity of information on the host-associated microbiomes of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here, our goal was to understand the microbial composition throughout different body sites of cohabiting baboons. RESULTS: We analyzed 170 oral, oropharyngeal, cervical, uterine, vaginal, nasal and rectal samples from 16 hamadryas baboons via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. …

Distinct Sources of Variability Affect Eye Movement Preparation.

The sequence of events leading to an eye movement to a target begins the moment visual information has reached the brain, well in advance of the eye movement itself. The process by which visual information is encoded and used to generate a motor plan has been the focus of substantial interest partly because of the rapid and reproducible nature of saccadic eye movements, and the key role that they play in primate behavior. Signals related to eye movements are present in much of the primate brain, yet most neurophysiological studies of the transition from vision to eye movements have measured th