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Review: Oncolytic virotherapy, updates and future directions.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells while spare their normal counterparts. OVs can access cells through binding to receptors on their surface or through fusion with the plasma membrane and establish a lytic cycle in tumors, while leaving normal tissue essentially unharmed. Multiple viruses have been investigated in humans for the past century. IMLYGIC™ (T-VEC/Talimogene Laherparepvec), a genetically engineered Herpes Simplex Virus, is the first OV approved for use in the United States and the European Union for patients with locally advanced or no

Экспертный консенсус в отношении многодисциплинарного подхода к лечению множественных заболеваний костей, связанных с миеломой.

Этот консенсус по множественным болезням костей, связанным с миеломой, подчеркивает важность многодисциплинарного подхода, который охватывает гематологию, радиологию, ортопедию и дополнительные специальности для решения сложных проблем. МБД, широко распространенное и изнуряющее осложнение множественной миэломы, приводит к боли в костях, переломам и событиям, связанным со скелетом, что оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество жизни пациентов. Эти руководящие принципы обеспечивают тщательную основу для диагностики, лечения и постоянной оценки с уделением особого внимания раннему обнаружению и

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications.

As recreational use of cannabis is being decriminalized in many places and medical use widely sanctioned, there are growing concerns about increases in cannabis use disorder (CanUD), which is associated with numerous medical comorbidities. Here we performed a genome-wide association study of CanUD in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), followed by meta-analysis in 1,054,365 individuals (ncases = 64,314) from four broad ancestries designated by the reference panel used for assignment (European n = 886,025, African n = 123,208, admixed American n = 38,289 and East Asian n = 6,843). Population-spe

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… ERCC8 encodes the excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin complex subunit, which plays a role in DNA repair and is associated with the developmental disorder Cockayne syndrome 36 , as well as breast, esophageal and other cancers 37 , 38 . …

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… Lycopene protects against smoking-induced lung cancer by inducing base excision repair Antioxidants 2020 9 643 10.3390/antiox9070643 32708354 PMC7402151 82. Czarnik-Kwaśniak J. Kwaśniak K. Kwasek P. Świerzowska E. Strojewska A. Tabarkiewicz J. …

Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to govern the origin, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of human cancer. CSCs have been identified in nearly all types of human cancer, including esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Four major methods are typically used to isolate or enrich CSCs, including: i) fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting using cell-specific surface markers; ii) stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; iii) side population cell phenotype markers; and iv) microsphere culture methods. ESCC

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… Chemotherapy-resistant cell lines were developed following long-term exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin, and were validated by an analysis of resistance markers, thymidylate synthase and excision repair cross-complement gene 1. …

Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated.

IntroductionPesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk.MethodsAnalyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for

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… Genetic variation in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, pesticide exposure and prostate cancer risk . Carcinogenesis. ( 2012 ) 33 : 331 – 7 . 10.1093/carcin/bgr258 22102698 PMC3271261 35. Matich EK Laryea J Seely KA Shelbie S Su J Hsu P-C . …

Pathobiology of cancer chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a type of neuropathic pain that is a major dose-limiting side-effect of potentially curative cancer chemotherapy treatment regimens that develops in a "stocking and glove" distribution. When pain is severe, a change to less effective chemotherapy agents may be required, or patients may choose to discontinue treatment. Medications used to alleviate CIPN often lack efficacy and/or have unacceptable side-effects. Hence the unmet medical need for novel analgesics for relief of this painful condition has driven establishment of rodent models of C

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… Cisplatin-DNA adducts can be removed and DNA repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system that is present in nDNA (McDonald et al., 2005 ; Podratz et al., 2011 ), in contrast to mtDNA where the NER system is absent (Croteau et al., 1999 ). …

A review on gold nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic cue in bone tissue engineering: Prospects and future clinical applications.

Bone damage is a complex orthopedic problem primarily caused by trauma, cancer, or bacterial infection of bone tissue. Clinical care management for bone damage remains a significant clinical challenge and there is a growing need for more advanced bone therapy options. Nanotechnology has been widely explored in the field of orthopedic therapy for the treatment of a severe bone disease. Among nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) along with other biomaterials are emerging as a new paradigm for treatment with excellent potential for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application

Decoding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: ion channels, disease models, and future directions.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant side effect of cancer treatments like paclitaxel and oxaliplatin, impacting patient quality of life (QoL). Despite much research, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear and effective therapies are lacking. This review evaluates whether current experimental models accurately reflect CIPN, emphasizing recent molecular and cellular findings, especially the role of sensory ion channels. We outline limitations of existing models and propose more translational preclinical approaches to better capture disease complexity and patient

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… The role of nucleotide excision repair in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: mechanism, prevention, and treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1975. 10.3390/ijms22041975 Ahn J., Ohk K., Won J., Choi D. H., Jung Y. H., Yang J. H., et al. (2023). …

Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.

BackgroundToday, treating cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), by targeting immune checkpoints, is one of the most outstanding immunotherapeutic methods. Immune checkpoints are special molecules having regulatory role in immune system responses. Once these molecules are presented on cancer cells, these cells will be capable of evading the immune system through their own specific pathways. This Evasion can be prevented by counterbalancing immune system responses with immune checkpoints related antibodies.AimsThe current study aimed to highlight immunotherapy and its methods, descr

A Narrative Review on the Antitumoral Effects of Selected Mediterranean Plant Products from Southern Italy.

Natural products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with established roles in oncology. Their structural diversity and ability to target multiple cancer-related pathways make them promising candidates for anticancer drug development. Increasing preclinical and clinical data highlight their potential not only to exert direct antitumor effects but also to enhance patient tolerance to conventional therapies by reducing side effects and improving treatment adherence. The Mediterranean region, known for its biodiversity and traditional dietary habits, provides a rich array of natural comp

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Pregnancy-Do We Have All the Answers for a Woman Who Desires to Conceive?-Literature Review.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive, and poor-prognosis systemic disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age, with a higher prevalence among individuals of Caucasian origin. However, there are limited reliable data on the prevalence of LAM during pregnancy. The fulminant respiratory clinical presentation that often includes progressive dyspnea on exertion, cough, or hemoptysis, frequently complicated by pneumothorax, and the increased risk of spontaneous abortion due to increased estrogen and progesterone production during gestation, are arguments that most ofte

Centromere protein E as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy during childhood. Currently, there is no effective treatment for metastatic retinoblastoma. We investigated potential biomarkers of retinoblastoma by utilizing three datasets from a public database. Functional enrichment analysis, including gene ontology, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, gene set enrichment analysis and variation analysis, suggested that differentially expressed genes in retinoblastoma were enriched in accelerated cell cycle events. Protein-protein interaction analysis constructed a network consisting of six hub

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… The most significantly upregulated pathways in retinoblastoma were related to cell cycle events such as DNA replication, homologous recombination, regulation of DNA damage checkpoints, and base excision repair ( Figure 3(d-f )), which were in line with the GSEA results. …

Novel agents for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is relatively insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents targeting dysregulated pathways (MAPK/ERK, EGFR, TGF-β, HEDGEHOG, NOTCH, IGF, PARP, PI3K/AKT, RAS, and Src) are being explored in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review summarizes the most recent advances with the targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

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… It selectively binds to PARP and prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of single strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. As a consequence, there is accumulation of DNA strand breaks, increased genomic instability, leading to apoptosis in target cells [ 134 ]. …

Nanotechnology-Driven Cancer Therapies for Precision Oncology: Advances and Clinical Outlook.

Cancer continues to pose a global health challenge, with conventional therapies often limited by non-specific toxicity, drug resistance, and an inadequate therapeutic index. Nanotechnology offers transformative opportunities by enabling targeted drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetics, and integrated diagnostic-therapeutic platforms (termed nanotheranostics). This review highlights key nanocarrier systems including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, inorganic nanostructures, carbon-based materials, extracellular vesicles, and hybrid platforms with a focus on human studies and cli

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine modifications in circulating cell-free DNA: frontiers of cancer detection, monitoring, and prognostic evaluation.

Developing accurate, clinically convenient, and non-invasive methods for early cancer detection, monitoring, and prognosis assessment is essential for improving patient survival rates, enhancing quality of life, and reducing the socioeconomic burden associated with cancer. This goal is critical in precision oncology. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as transformative tools for advancing early cancer detection, monitoring, and improving patient outcomes. Among these, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modifications in circulating cfDNA stand out a

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… TET, ten-eleven translocation; C, cytosine; 5mC, 5-methylcytosine; 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5fC, 5-formylcytosine; 5caC, 5-carboxycytosine; BER, base excision repair; TDG, thymine-DNA glycosylase Fig. 2 Cytosine modifications and TET-mediated oxidation pathways in epigenetic regulation. … TET, ten-eleven translocation; C, cytosine; 5mC, 5-methylcytosine; 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5fC, 5-formylcytosine; 5caC, 5-carboxycytosine; BER, base excision repair; TDG, thymine-DNA glycosylase Current sequencing approaches for 5hmC The primary strategies for mapping the distribution and localization …

High-Dose Vitamin C for Cancer Therapy.

In recent years, the idea that Vitamin C (Vit-C) could be utilized as a form of anti-cancer therapy has generated many contradictory arguments. Recent insights into the physiological characteristics of Vit-C, its pharmacokinetics, and results from preclinical reports, however, suggest that high-dose Vit-C could be effectively utilized in the management of various tumor types. Studies have shown that the pharmacological action of Vit-C can attack various processes that cancerous cells use for their growth and development. Here, we discuss the anti-cancer functions of Vit-C, but also the potenti

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… Next, by the base excision repair enzyme, TDG or replication-dependent dilution, 5fC and 5CaC are transformed into cytosine. Ascorbate ensures that TETs are continuously in a fully active state by recycling Fe(III) to Fe(II). … These oxidized mCs are the primary intermediates in DNA de-methylation through base-excision repair (BER) or replication-dependent dilution [ 178 ]. TET2 is frequently altered or deleted in the germ line cells of myeloid and lymphoid cancers [ 180 ]. …

Is Curcumin the Answer to Future Chemotherapy Cocktail?

The rise in cancer cases in recent years is an alarming situation worldwide. Despite the tremendous research and invention of new cancer therapies, the clinical outcomes are not always reassuring. Cancer cells could develop several evasive mechanisms for their survivability and render therapeutic failure. The continuous use of conventional cancer therapies leads to chemoresistance, and a higher dose of treatment results in even greater toxicities among cancer patients. Therefore, the search for an alternative treatment modality is crucial to break this viscous cycle. This paper explores the su

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… repair protein; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; ERK1, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1; ERK2, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2; FANCD2, Fanconi anemia group D2; FOLFOX, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, glutathione; GSH-Px, glutathione … This was supported by the reduction in cisplatin-induced thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit (ERCC1)-related signalling such as PI3K/Akt/Snail signalling [ 100 ]. …