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Combining the Allosteric Inhibitor Asciminib with Ponatinib Suppresses Emergence of and Restores Efficacy against Highly Resistant BCR-ABL1 Mutants.

BCR-ABL1 point mutation-mediated resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia is effectively managed with several approved drugs, including ponatinib for BCR-ABL1T315I-mutant disease. However, therapy options are limited for patients with leukemic clones bearing multiple BCR-ABL1 mutations. Asciminib, an allosteric inhibitor targeting the myristoyl-binding pocket of BCR-ABL1, is active against most single mutants but ineffective against all tested compound mutants. We demonstrate that combining asciminib with ATP site TKIs enhances ta…

A recurrent 8 bp frameshifting indel in FOXF1 defines a novel mutation hotspot associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins.

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare lethal lung developmental disease. Affected infants manifest with severe respiratory distress and refractory pulmonary hypertension and uniformly die in the first month of life. Heterozygous point mutations or copy-number variant deletions involving FOXF1 and/or its upstream lung-specific enhancer on 16q24.1 have been identified in the vast majority of ACDMPV patients. We have previously described two unrelated families with a de novo pathogenic frameshift variant c.691_698del (p.Ala231Argfs*61) in the exon 1 …

Updated clinical overview on cardiac laminopathies: an electrical and mechanical disease.

Cardiac laminopathies, associated with mutations in the LMNA gene, encompass a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, involving electrical and mechanical alterations of cardiomyocytes. Thus, dilated cardiomyopathy, bradyarrhythmias and atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias may occur in a number of combined phenotypes. Nowadays, some attempt has been made to identify clinical predictors for the most life-threatening complications of LMNA-associated heart disease, i.e. sudden cardiac death and end-stage heart failure. The goal of this manuscript is to combine the most recent evidences in an

The promise of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies.

The Janus kinases (JAK) are a family of kinases that play an essential role in cytokine signaling and are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. As a result, the JAKs have become attractive therapeutic targets. The discovery of a JAK2 point mutation (JAK2 V617F) as the main cause of polycythemia vera lead to the development and FDA approval of a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in 2011. This review focuses on the various JAK and associated components aberrations implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms, leukemias, and lymphomas. In addition to rux…

Current and future management of Ph/BCR-ABL positive ALL.

Following the introduction of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) at the beginning of the past decade, the outcome of patients with Philadelphia-chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has dramatically improved. Presently, the use of refined programs with first/second generation TKI's and chemotherapy together with allogeneic stem cell transplantation allow up to 50% of all patients to be cured. Further progress is expected with the new TKI ponatinib, overcoming resistance caused by T315I point mutation, other targeted therapies, autologous transplantation…

Two novel alleles HLA-A*02:433 and HLA-A*02:434 identified in Saudi bone marrow donors using sequence-based typing.

In this report, we present two novel HLA-A alleles: HLA-A*02:433 and HLA-A*02:434. These alleles were identified by sequence-based typing me … substitution at position 15. The generation of both alleles appears to be the result of nucleotide point mutation involving 02:01:01 and 02:05:01.

Morphologic and clinical aspects of Danon disease in a patient with a mutation c.137G > A in the LAMP-2 gene.

BACKGROUND: Danon disease is caused by a primary deficiency of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study describes a 19-year-old man with isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in whom we performed DNA analysis and compared results of microscopic analysis of skeletal and cardiac muscles. RESULTS: Sequencing of the LAMP-2 gene revealed a novel point mutation c.137G > A in exon 2, leading to premature stop codon. Ultrastructural analysis of cardiac and skeletal muscles revealed the presence of unusual autophagic vacuoles in both. Although some vacuoles in…

A novel single-base deletion in ROR2 causes atypical brachydactyly type B1 with cutaneous syndactyly in a large Chinese family.

Mutations in ROR2, encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2, cause two distinct skeletal diseases: autosomal dominant brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1) and autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome. In a large Chinese family with a limb phenotype, consisting of atypical BDB1 and cutaneous syndactyly of varying degrees, we performed a two-point linkage analysis using microsatellite markers on 2q33-q37 and 9q22.31, and found a significant linkage to the ROR2 locus. We identified a novel single-base deletion in ROR2, c.2243delC (p.W749fsX24), and confirmed its segregation with the limb

Болезнь Креуцфельдта-Якоба с кодоном 200, представляющая собой таламический синдром: диагноз одним фотоновым эмиссией, рассчитанным по томографии с использованием (99 м) Tc-этил-циштайната димера.

Клинические особенности семейной болезни Креуцфельдт-Якоб с кодоном 200-точечной мутации [FCJD (E200K)] аналогичны тем, которые характерны для эпизодической CJD (SCJD). Согласно сообщениям, для раннего диагностирования CJD полезную роль играет съемка с диффузией, взвешенной по МРТ (MRI-DWI). Мы описываем японский FCJD (E200K) случай, когда первые симптомы таламии были первыми. При поступлении электроэнцефалография (ЭКГ) не выявила периодических синхронных выбросов (PSD), а МРТ не выявила аномалий. Однако однократные выбросы фотонов, рассчитанные на томографию (SPECT) с использованием (99 м) Tc

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The clinical features of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a codon 200 point mutation [fCJD (E200K)] are similar to those of sporadic CJD (sCJD). MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (MRI-DWI) has been reported to be useful for the early diagnosis of CJD. We describe a Japanese fCJD (E200K) case in which thalamic symptoms were the initial manifestations. On …

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b associated with lichen nitidus.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2B syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited endocrine disorder with rare skin manifestations. W … Her past medical history was significant for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Genetic testing showed a point mutation in exon 16 at codon 918 (M918T) in the RET proto-oncogene. Based on all these findings, MEN type 2B was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge we report the first case of MEN type 2B associated with lichen nitidus.

A missense mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans prohibitin 2 confers an atypical multidrug resistance.

Hemiasterlin is a potent antimitotic peptide that interferes with microtubule dynamics at picomolar concentrations in cell culture. The molecule largely eludes P glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux, and an analog is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as cancer chemotherapy. From a nonclonal genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans we isolated eight independent mutants resistant to a synthetic hemiasterlin analog. In one recessive mutant, phb-2(ad2154), a point mutation in prohibitin 2 (E130K) protects worms from drug-induced injury. Data indicate that direct binding of hemiasterlin to …

[Isolated lymphadenopathy as the first presentation of systemic mastocytosis--description of two cases].

Presented are two cases of systemic mastocytosis in 46- and 63-year-old women, where the correct diagnosis was established in randomly disclosed cervical respectively intraabdominal lymphadenopathy. Both cases lacked characteristic skin and systemic mast-cell mediator symptoms at the time of histologic diagnosis. The first case was classified as a indolent systemic mastocytosis without any proven genetic alteration, the second one met the criteria of aggressive systemic mastocytosis with eosinophilia, where the point mutation asp816val in c-kit gene was confirmed and the patient responded unex…

Autopsy diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH in a case of apparent SIDS.

A 5-month-old boy with no history of vomiting, early sexual development, or noticeable significant illness was found dead in bed. Autopsy demonstrated bilateral adrenal hyperplasia unequivocally shown on biochemical testing of blood and urine to be due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Genetic analysis of the CYP21 gene showed compound heterozygosity; 1 allele contained a pseudogene sequence (gene conversion) and the other contained a previously described I172N point mutation. On theoretical grounds, the genotype would have been expected to cause simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia bu…

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor merlin inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase through binding to PIKE-L.

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor, although the molecular mechanism accounting for this effect remains unknown. Here, we show … uppression of PI3-kinase activity as well as schwannoma cell growth is abrogated by a single PIKE-L point mutation (P187L) that cannot bind merlin but can still activate PI3-kinase. Knocking down PIKE-L with RNA interference abolishes merlin's tumor-suppressive activity. Our data support the hypothesis that PIKE-L is an important mediator of merlin growth suppre …

Mutations of CD40 ligand in two patients with hyper-IgM syndrome.

Two patients with the X-linked form of the hyper-IgM syndrome have been studied. Both patients present: 1. Mutations in the CD40L gene (a nonsense point mutation that introduces a termination codon at the extracellular domain of the protein, and a deletion that eliminates exon 4 as consequence of an abnormal splicing). 2. Lack of CD40L expression on the lymphocyte surface after stimulation with ionomycin and PMA. 3. Altered lymphocytic proliferation in response to anti-CD3. 4. Hyper IgM, low IgG and IgA levels and neutropenia. One of the patients shows, in addition, low Natural Killer cell num…

Identification of the novel allele B*4427 and a confirmatory sequence (B*44022).

This report presents a novel allele, HLA-B*4427, which was identified in a bone marrow donor of Caucasian origin, and a confirmatory sequence (B*44022). Sequence analysis revealed the new allele differs from B*44021 by a single nucleotide exchange at position 668 (C-->T), which is located in exon 4. At the protein level, it is the only B*44 variant to produce an Ala in place of a Val at codon 199. Its structure suggests that it may have originated from a point mutation in B*44021 or by gene conversion with a variety of HLA-B alleles. Cloning and sequencing of the allele B*44022 revealed a sequ…

[Study on genetic mutations of the vWF in type 2A von Willebrand disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular pathological mechanism of the type 2A von Willebrand disease(vWD) and the relationship of the phenotypes with genotypes. METHODS: A total of 126 patients with the hereditary hemorrhagic disease were examined using bleeding time, vWF:Ag, FVIII:CAg, ristocentin induced platelet agglutination assay(RIPA) and multimer analysis of plasma. The exon 28 of authenticity vWF gene was studied by PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and sequencing in the type 2A vWD. RESULTS: Fourteen cases were diagnosed as type 2A vWD. Four cases of point mutations resul…

Islet cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus associated with a mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene mutation.

An A3243G point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene was detected in a Caucasian family with maternal diabetes mellitus and signs of mitochondrial dysfunction such as muscular hypotonia, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS), neurosensory hearing loss, cardial pre-excitation, and short stature. Low levels (10 JDF) of islet cell antibodies (ICA) in insulin-treated diabetes of the mother and impaired glucose tolerance with high levels of ICA (80 JDF) in her older son indicated that mitochondrial diabetes mellitus may involve beta cell damage. Furthermore, exo…

Familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with deaf-mutism, ophthalmoplegia and leukodystrophy.

We report two sisters (32 and 36 years old) with familial deaf-mutism, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, leukodystrophy and mitochondrial myopathy. T2-weighted brain MRI demonstrated diffuse symmetrical high intensity areas in the white matter. Their muscle biopsies showed ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)-negative fibers. CCO activity in biopsied muscle decreased to about 20% of normal control. They had no deletions of the mitochondrial DNA and no point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA. Their brother was diagnosed as having Kugelberg-Welander disease, grand mal seizures and …

Cytochrome c oxidase activity is deficient in blood vessels of patients with myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers.

More than half of the intramuscular blood vessels in muscle biopsies from five patients with myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-fibers (MERRF) who had a point mutation in mitochondrial DNA at the tRNALys region were darkly stained with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) stain, showing the morphologic characteristics of strongly SDH-reactive blood vessels (SSV), but they had no cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity. By electron cytochemistry, the mitochondria in the smooth muscle cells of SSV had no CCO activity. On the other hand, SSV in muscle biopsies from patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephal…