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Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review.

Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, is expanding, positioning them as a novel therapeutic option. Stem cells, utilized in various treatments, are categorized based on their differentiation potential and the source tissue. The term 'stem cell' encompasses a broad spectrum of cells, which can be derived from embryonic tiss

Factors Associated With Mortality in Leukemia and Lymphoma With COVID-19: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2020-2021).

Background Patients with hematological malignancies face a substantially increased mortality from COVID-19. Although the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic has passed, the virus remains common, and understanding its impact on vulnerable groups such as those with hematologic malignancies remains crucial. Limited research exists on mortality patterns in leukemia and lymphoma patients during the pandemic. Studying these outcomes provides important insights into how different waves of COVID-19 affected immunocompromised individuals and supports the development of strategies for prevention, patient care

Real-world clinical outcomes of CAR-T therapy from the Montefiore health system in the Bronx.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment, but data in diverse urban populations remain limited. We report outcomes from a comprehensive cancer center in the Bronx. Montefiore Health System treated 79 DLBCL patients with CAR-T from March 2018 to July 2024. Demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and acute complications, including immune effector cell neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cardiotoxicity, and pulmonary events, were tabulated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed

Clinical characteristics of pyoderma gangrenosum: Case series and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic skin disease characterized by recurrent painful cutaneous ulcers, often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease, joint pain, and other systemic damage. This disease is relatively rare in clinical practice and its diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, leading to secondary infections in the skin lesions, prolonged disease course, and increased disease burden on patients. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with PG admitted to our hospital and conducted a literature rev

Transformation in pretreatment manifestations of Gaucher disease type 1 during two decades of alglucerase/imiglucerase enzyme replacement therapy in the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry.

This study tests the hypothesis that the prevalence of severe clinical manifestations in Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) patients at the time of treatment initiation has changed since alglucerase/imiglucerase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was approved in the United States (US) in 1991. US alglucerase/imiglucerase-treated GD1 patients from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry clinicaltrials.gov NCT00358943 were stratified by age at ERT initiation (<18, 18 to <50, ≥50 years), era of ERT initiation (1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2009), and splenectomy status pre-

Reflections on the applicability of palliative thoracentesis in Primary Care.

Under normal conditions, there is a small volume of fluid in the pleural space as a result of the balance between its inflow from the pleural capillaries and its drainage through the lymphatics. Pleural effusion (PE) will occur when this balance is disturbed. The initial step in its study is to determine whether PE it is a transudate or an exudate. The first is caused by an alteration in the hydrostatic or oncotic pressure of both the pleural capillaries and the pleural space, without any structural damage to the pleura and with a simple differential diagnosis. In the second, there will be an

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… If the PE is hematic and there is no history of trauma, the differential diagnosis would be benign asbestosis, Dressler's syndrome, pulmonary infarction or neoplasia. … infarction or systemic lupus erythematosus. …

Внезапная сердечная смерть при системном склерозе: диагностика для оценки риска и управления информацией

Сердечное заболевание является одной из основных причин смертности при системном склерозе (SSc), а внезапная сердечно-сосудистая смертность (SCD), как считается, чаще встречается в SSc, чем в целом по населению. Диффузный миокардиальный фиброз, миокардит и ишемическая болезнь сердца широко распространены в SSc и могут быть разумно гипотезы, что будет способствовать повышению риска СКД. Несмотря на это, СКР по-прежнему остается относительно недооцененной зоной SSc, где мало что известно о специфических для SSc факторах риска и возможностях первичной профилактики. В этом обзоре мы представляем о

Anxiety in the Medically Ill: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BackgroundAlthough anxiety is highly represented in the medically ill and its occurrence has relevant clinical implications, it often remains undetected and not properly treated. This systematic review aimed to report on anxiety, either symptom or disorder, in patients who suffer from a medical illness.MethodsEnglish-language papers reporting on anxiety in medically ill adults were evaluated. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2021. Search term was "anxiety" combined using the Boolean "AND" operator with "medically ill/c

Hypertension, smoking, and preexistence of multiple cardiac risk factors correlate with carfilzomib-induced cardiovascular adverse events in a racially diverse population.

BackgroundUse of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib has become a standard of care in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. An association between carfilzomib and cardiovascular adverse events has been well documented, but this had not been investigated in a racially diverse population. Black patients in particular are underrepresented in the reported outcomes of treatment with carfilzomib.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for carfilzomib-associated cardiovascular events in a diverse, single-center population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective revi

Unveiling the comorbidity burden of male breast cancer.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition with unique characteristics compared to female breast cancer (FBC). Despite its scarceness, there is growing evidence that MBC should not be studied and treated as FBC due to factors like later diagnosis stage and distinct genetic makeup. Retrospective observational study in the EpiChron Cohort, selecting all the prevalent patients with breast cancer between 2010 and 2019. Logistic models were used to determine associated comorbidities. Between 2010 and 2019, 105 MBC and 11,657 FBC patients were found in the EpiChron Cohort. MBC patients had a high

Mortality prediction and influencing factors for intensive care unit patients with acute tubular necrosis: random survival forest and cox regression analysis.

Background: Patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) not only have severe renal failure, but also have many comorbidities, which can be life-threatening and require timely treatment. Identifying the influencing factors of ATN and taking appropriate interventions can effectively shorten the duration of the disease to reduce mortality and improve patient prognosis. Methods: Mortality prediction models were constructed by using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm and the Cox regression. Next, the performance of both models was assessed by the out-of-bag (OOB) error rate, the integrated b

Сердечная недостаточность с сохранившейся фракцией выброса: синергия между кардиологическими и экстракардиальными механизмами и эффекты новых методов лечения.

Сердечная недостаточность с консервированной фракцией выброса (HFFEF) является системным заболеванием, в котором метаболические коморбиды ожирение, тип 2 диабет (T2D) и хронические заболевания почек (CKD) сходятся, вызывая системное воспаление, эндотелиальную дисфункцию и миокардный фиброз. Микроваскулярная дисфункция представляет собой важную связь между этими коморбидами и аномалиями внутри и за пределами сердца, хотя ее причинно-следственная связь с ГФФФ по-прежнему не до конца установлена. Помимо поощрения миокардной жесткости и диастотической дисфункции, поврежденная микроваскулярная функ

Inpatient Medicine

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Pathology Competencies in Medical Education and Educational Cases: Update 2023.

Pathology is a core component of medical school curricula because understanding the pathogenesis of the disease is foundational both for diagnostic efficiency and optimal use of ancillary resources in patient care. The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) were developed as a national resource of expectations of pathology knowledge for medical students. The PCME are composed of three competencies: disease mechanisms and processes, organ system pathology, and diagnostic pathology and therapeutic pathology. The learning goals and learning objectives of the PCME that were first publ

Acute ischaemia of the lower limb due to non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis with recent venous thrombo-embolic disease as the initial manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.

BackgroundNon-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a rare condition. Optimal management is based on early diagnosis which remains difficult.Case summaryA 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with acute ischaemia of the left lower limb due to popliteal artery occlusion despite anticoagulation with rivaroxaban for pulmonary embolism diagnosed 2 weeks earlier. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) showed a mobile vegetation with mild mitral valve regurgitation. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan did not show hyperfixation at the mitral valve but rather lymphadenopathy hype

Cement pulmonary embolism after percutaneous kyphoplasty: An unusual culprit for non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism.

Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism can occur from rare but diverse etiology and is not well understood. Increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in the aging population has contributed to increased utilization of percutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures of vertebroplasty and its recent modification, kyphoplasty. Though these procedures are relatively well tolerated, there is risk of potentially fatal complication of bone cement embolization to distant vasculature. We report a case of symptomatic pulmonary cement emboli developed 2 day's post kyphoplasty and its successful treatment with nove

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… Treatment is recommended to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, and respiratory failure. In addition to analgesics, bed rest and supplemental oxygen, anticoagulation is utilized to reduce the risk of secondary thrombus formation and complication of CTEPH. …

Herpes Zoster in Aging Patients: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies.

Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, is caused by varicella-zoster virus reactivation and can lead to long-term complications such as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Risk of HZ and related complications increases with age, presence of chronic conditions, and immunosuppression. The United States (US) has an increasingly aging and multimorbid population; therefore, knowledge of risk factors and prevention opportunities for HZ are of critical importance to inform broad efforts to prevent this disease. To consolidate information on risk factors for adults aged ≥50 years and opportunities to a

Cancer-associated stroke: Pathophysiology, detection and management (Review).

Numerous types of cancer have been shown to be associated with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of stroke in cancer patients is discussed, while providing vital information on the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer and stroke. Cancer may mediate stroke pathophysiology either directly or via coagulation disorders that establish a state of hypercoagulation, as well as via infections. Cancer treatment options, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have all been shown to aggravate the risk of stroke as well. The clin

Evaluating the Impact of Insurer-Sponsored Health Coaching on Hospitalization and Costs in India: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Health coaching programs are emerging as a promising intervention to improve disease management and reduce healthcare costs, particularly in the context of insurer-sponsored wellness initiatives. While such programs have shown positive outcomes in Western healthcare settings, their effectiveness in India remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of a health coaching program implemented by a prominent Indian health insurer (Aditya Birla Health Insurance), focusing on hospitalization rates and claims paid among high-risk policyholders. To assess the intervention's effectiveness, a re

The European Medicines Agency Review of Carfilzomib for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received at Least One Prior Therapy.

On November 19, 2015, a marketing authorization valid through the European Union was issued for carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least one prior therapy.In a phase III trial in patients with relapsed MM, median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients treated with carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (CRd) was 26.3 months versus 17.6 months for those receiving lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (hazard ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.83