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The live biotherapeutic SYNB1353 decreases plasma methionine via directed degradation in animal models and healthy volunteers.

Methionine is an essential proteinogenic amino acid, but its excess can lead to deleterious effects. Inborn errors of methionine metabolism … ing methionine and homocysteine levels in animals and healthy volunteers. In both mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs), SYNB1353 blunts the appearance of plasma methionine and plasma homocysteine in response to an oral methionine load. A phase 1 clinical study conducted in healthy volunteers subjected to an oral methionine challenge demonstrates that SYNB1353 …

Biologically inspired bioactive hydrogels for scarless corneal repair.

Corneal injury-induced fibrosis occurs because of corneal epithelial basement membrane (EBM) injury and defective regeneration. Corneal fibr … ed the apoptosis and myofibroblast transition of keratocytes. Animal models of rabbits and nonhuman primates confirmed that Hep@Gel effectively limited the influx of inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines from the epithelium into the stroma to down-regulate the wound healing cascade, contributing to better vision quality with 73% reduced fibrosis. Hep@Gel off …

Immunocompatible elastomer with increased resistance to the foreign body response.

Polymeric elastomers are extensively employed to fabricate implantable medical devices. However, implantation of the elastomers can induce a strong immune rejection known as the foreign body response (FBR), diminishing their efficacy. Herein, we present a group of immunocompatible elastomers, termed easy-to-synthesize vinyl-based anti-FBR dense elastomers (EVADE). EVADE materials effectively suppress the inflammation and capsule formation in subcutaneous models of rodents and non-human primates for at least one year and two months, respectively. Implantation of EVADE materials significantly re…

The insula: Leveraging cellular and systems-level research to better understand its roles in health and schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder characterized by a multitude of complex and seemingly non-overlapping symptoms. The insular … ons and using knowledge gained from humans and preclinical studies of insular tracings in non-human primates, we review the literature and discuss the functional roles of each subregion, including in somatosensation, interoception, salience processing, emotional processing, and social cognition. Building from this foundation, we then extend these findings …

Enhancing gene transfer to renal tubules and podocytes by context-dependent selection of AAV capsids.

AAV vectors show promise for gene therapy; however, kidney gene transfer remains challenging. Here we conduct a barcode-seq-based comparison … s pre-existing immunity, leading to robust and exclusive proximal tubule transduction, in non-human primates (NHPs). In addition, we highlight drastic differences in renal transduction profiles between mice and NHPs. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insights and underscores importance of context-dependent selection of AAV capsids to overcome challenge …

Производство насекомыми клетчатых частиц, похожих на химерик, на основе белков вируса иммунодефицита человека и белков вируса желтой лихорадки.

Вирус желтой лихорадки (YFV) — единственный вирус РНК, принадлежащий роду ортофлавивирусов, способный к зоонотическим трансмиссиям, которые заражают нечеловеческих и человеческих приматов. Она носит эндемический характер в Бразилии с периодическими эпидемиями этой болезни и передается через комары. Обнаружение и иммунизация от ЯФВ и других ароматизаторов имеют основополагающее значение для борьбы с воздействием этого заболевания на окружающую среду человека. В рамках постоянных усилий по разработке новых подходов к диагностике и иммунизации мы выразили VLP, демонстрируя белок желтого вируса ли

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The yellow fever virus (YFV) is a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus that is capable of zoonotic transmissions that infect nonhuman and human primates. It is endemic in Brazil with recurrent epidemics of the disease, and it is transmitted through mosquitoes. The detection and immunization against YFV and other flaviviruses are f…

Novel Mastadenovirus Infection as Cause of Pneumonia in Imported Black-and-White Colobuses (Colobus guereza), Thailand.

We identified a novel mastadenovirus, herein referred to as colobus adenovirus (CoAdV), as the likely cause of fatal respiratory and enteric … of those colobuses. Although we could not determine the potential harm to humans or other nonhuman primates from current information, the zoonotic and spillover potential of this virus to other related hosts should not be neglected. Veterinarians should consider CoAdV when pneumonia is diagnosed in colobuses.

Multicopy subtelomeric genes underlie animal infectivity of divergent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes.

The anthroponotic Cryptosporidium hominis differs from the zoonotic C. parvum in its lack of infectivity to animals, but several divergent subtypes have recently been found in nonhuman primates and equines. Here, we sequence 17 animal C. hominis isolates and generate a new IbA12G3 genome at the chromosome level. Comparative analysis with 222 human isolates shows significant genetic divergence of the animal isolates, with genetic recombination among them. They have additional subtelomeric insulinase and MEDLE genes. In interferon-γ knockout mice, three monkey isolates show differences in infect…

Dissociable roles of human frontal eye fields and early visual cortex in presaccadic attention.

Shortly before saccadic eye movements, visual sensitivity at the saccade target is enhanced, at the expense of sensitivity elsewhere. Some behavioral and neural correlates of this presaccadic shift of attention resemble those of covert attention, deployed during fixation. Microstimulation in non-human primates has shown that presaccadic attention modulates perception via feedback from oculomotor to visual areas. This mechanism also seems plausible in humans, as both oculomotor and visual areas are active during saccade planning. We investigated this hypothesis by applying TMS to frontal or vis…

Circuit mechanism for suppression of frontal cortical ignition during NREM sleep.

Conscious perception is greatly diminished during sleep, but the underlying circuit mechanism is poorly understood. We show that cortical ignition-a brain process shown to be associated with conscious awareness in humans and non-human primates-is strongly suppressed during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep in mice due to reduced cholinergic modulation and rapid inhibition of cortical responses. Brain-wide functional ultrasound imaging and cell-type-specific calcium imaging combined with optogenetics showed that activity propagation from visual to frontal cortex is markedly reduced during NRE…

Putative cell-type-specific multiregional mode in posterior parietal cortex during coordinated visual behavior.

In the reach and saccade regions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), multiregional communication depends on the timing of neuronal activity with respect to beta-frequency (10-30 Hz) local field potential (LFP) activity, termed dual coherence. Neural coherence is believed to reflect neural excitability, whereby spiking tends to occur at a particular phase of LFP activity, but the mechanisms of multiregional dual coherence remain unknown. Here, we investigate dual coherence in the PPC of non-human primates performing eye-hand movements. We computationally model dual coherence in terms of mul…

Anesthesia, the developing brain, and dexmedetomidine for neuroprotection.

Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity is a set of unfavorable adverse effects on central or peripheral nervous systems associated with administration of anesthesia. Several animal model studies from the early 2000's, from rodents to non-human primates, have shown that general anesthetics cause neuroapoptosis and impairment in neurodevelopment. It has been difficult to translate this evidence to clinical practice. However, some studies suggest lasting behavioral effects in humans due to early anesthesia exposure. Dexmedetomidine is a sedative and analgesic with agonist activities on the alpha-2 (ɑ2)…

Dynamic prospect theory: Two core decision theories coexist in the gambling behavior of monkeys and humans.

Research in the multidisciplinary field of neuroeconomics has mainly been driven by two influential theories regarding human economic choice … heoretical framework for exploring a neurobiological model of economic choice in human and nonhuman primates.

Consequences of adolescent drug use.

Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders in adulthood. This i … terature on the neurobiological and behavioral effects of adolescent drug use in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, with a specific focus on alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and the interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption of these substances during adolescence can produce long-lasting changes across a variety of structures and network …

Comparative genomics reveals the hybrid origin of a macaque group.

Although species can arise through hybridization, compelling evidence for hybrid speciation has been reported only rarely in animals. Here, … into macaque evolution and reveals a hybrid speciation event that has occurred only very rarely in primates.

Transcription factors in microcephaly.

Higher cognition in humans, compared to other primates, is often attributed to an increased brain size, especially forebrain cortical surface area. Brain size is determined through highly orchestrated developmental processes, including neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, lamination, arborization, and apoptosis. Disruption in these processes often results in either a small (microcephaly) or large (megalencephaly) brain. One of the key mechanisms controlling these developmental processes is the spatial and temporal transcriptional regulation of critical genes. In humans, …

CARD-only proteins regulate in vivo inflammasome responses and ameliorate gout.

Inflammatory responses are crucial for controlling infections and initiating tissue repair. However, excessive and uncontrolled inflammation … CARD interactions. Small PYD- or CARD-only proteins (POPs and COPs, respectively) evolved in higher primates to target these crucial interactions to limit inflammation. Here, we show the ability of COPs to regulate inflammasome activation by modulating homotypic CARD-CARD interactions in vitro and in vivo. CARD16, CARD17, and CARD18 displace crucial CARD i …

Trispecific antibody targeting HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections.

Agents that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represent … vated CD8+ T cells. This trispecific antibody mediates CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in non-human primates and is well tolerated in vivo. This HIV-directed antibody therefore merits further development as a potential intervention for the eradication of latent HIV infection.

Development of an Immunochromatography Assay to Detect Marburg Virus and Ravn Virus.

The recent outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Guinea, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, and Tanzania, none of which had reported previous o … could detect the MARV and RAVV antigens in the serum samples from experimentally infected nonhuman primates. These results indicate that the IC assay to detect MARV can be a useful tool for the rapid point-of-care diagnosis of MVD.

Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples.

Sensitive and specific blood-based assays for the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis would reduce mortality associated w … ring the study. It also distinguished tuberculosis from latent-tuberculosis infections in non-human primates. We adapted the assay to make it portable and operable by a smartphone. With further development, the assay may facilitate the detection of tuberculosis at the point of care, particularly in resource-limited settings.