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A case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is an uncommon, focal or diffuse destructive inflammatory disease of the gallbladder that is assumed to be a variant of conventional chronic cholecystitis. A 36-year-old male was admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital with a 10-day history of right upper quadrant pain with fever. 15 years ago, he was first diagnosed as having hemophilia A, and has been followed up in the department of Hematology. Computed tomogram (CT) revealed a well-marginated, uniform, marked wall thickening of the gallbladder with multiseptate enhancement. Magnetic resonanc

Traditional medicine to DNA vaccines: the advance of medical research in West Africa.

West Africa has a rich medical history. Herbal medicine has been practiced for hundreds of years and the establishment of an effective herbal pharmacopoeia was probably the first medical research carried out in West Africa. Arabic medicine was practiced in the countries of the Sahel in the 15th and 16th centuries. The coming of the Europeans focused research on infectious diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and sleeping sickness, to which Europeans were very susceptible and which caused devastating epidemics among the populations of their new colonies. The end of the colonial era saw the es…

[Health effects of climatic changes--possible consequences for Norway].

In the year 2100 a global mean temperature increase of 2 degrees C, and a 50 cm rise in sea level are expected. An escalation in the intensity and duration of heat waves will increase mortality, whilst higher temperatures in cold regions may reduce it. On a global scale, vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and some types of viral encephalitis are likely to increase. 50 to 80 million more cases of malaria could occur annually. Elevated temperatures and more frequent floods could cause an increase in salmonellosis, cholera and giardiasis. Indirectly, shortages of freshwat…

Infectious diseases in the 21st century.

Infecto-contagious diseases in the twenty-first century with respect to precedent will see themselves deprived of smallpox, dracunculiasis and very probably of paralyzing poliomyelitis. Vaccination-preventable diseases, such as measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, rabies, some forms of meningitis, yellow fever and episodes of disseminated tuberculosis will greatly diminish in their rates of morbi-lethality; the elimination of some, and the eradication of measles, are expected. Other diseases such as diarrhea (including cholera), geo-helminthiasis, some severe respiratory tract infecti…

Корреляция между ЭЛИСА, ингибирование гемоглютинации и испытания на нейтрализацию после вакцинации от трансмиссивного энцефалита.

В качестве суррогатного маркера для нейтрализации и гемоглютиляции, препятствующего антителам в сере у лиц, привитых против трансмисситного энцефалита (ТБЭ), было исследовано значение уровней антитела ИгГ, определяемых с помощью связующего анализа (ЭЛИСА). Кроме того, для оценки степени воздействия трансреактивных антител флавивируса была изучена сера лиц с доказанными или предполагаемыми данными о других инфекциях и/или прививках флавируса. Была выявлена прекрасная и весьма значительная корреляция между единицами ЭЛИСА ИгГ и антителными титерами, полученными в результате ингибиции гемаглютина

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The significance of IgG antibody levels determined by a binding assay (ELISA) was investigated as a surrogate marker for the presence of neu … test (NT), provided that there was no other exposure to flavivirus antigens except TBE vaccination. Yellow fever vaccination and/or dengue virus infections induced significant levels of antibodies reactive in the TBE ELISA and HI test, which did not exhibit, however, neutralizing activity against TBE virus. The phenomenon and problem of "original antigenic sin …

Aedes aegypti: a quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing filarial worm intensity is linked to QTL for susceptibility to other mosquito-borne pathogens.

Because intensity of infection was significantly increased in a substrain of Aedes aegypti selected for susceptibility to the filarial worm, … 2,LF98], as well as to loci for susceptibility to the malaria parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum, and yellow fever virus. These results suggest that this region of chromosome 2 contains one or more genes that influence susceptibility of A. aegypti to several mosquito-transmitted pathogens.

[Amebic liver abscess with hepatobronchial fistula].

Four weeks after a holiday in Kenya a 57-year-old woman developed a fever up to 40 degrees C, right upper abdominal pain, icteric sclerae, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis (24,400/microliters), markedly accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (123 mm/h) and moderately increased activity of liver enzymes in serum. The liver was unremarkable on ultrasound. Four days after hospitalization the patient complained of dyspnoea and pleuritic pain. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography showed an abscess in the right lobe of the liver. Amoebic abscess of the liver

[A case of miliary tuberculosis with cutaneous lesion].

Miliary tuberculosis associated with cutaneous lesion has been rarely reported. We report a case of miliary tuberculosis in whom the cutaneous lesion was confirmed as tuberculosis by skin biopsy and bacterial examination. A 46-year-old man was admitted because of cough, fever, sore throat and abnormal shadow on the chest X-ray. Physical examination revealed an emaciated man with two ulcerous lesions overlying yellowed crust on the chest wall and fine crackles on the left side of the lung. Laboratory workup revealed a white blood cell count of 10,000 with 15% lymphocytes and positive CRP. Chest

The 3'-nucleotides of flavivirus genomic RNA form a conserved secondary structure.

The terminal noncoding regions of viral RNA genomes are presumed to contain signal sequences and sometimes also secondary structures involved in regulating viral RNA synthesis. Such signals would be expected to be highly conserved among related viruses. In order to identify replication signal features for flaviviruses we have compared the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, and yellow fever virus (YFV) genome RNAs. The existence of a stable 3'-terminal secondary structure was previously predicted by a cDNA sequence obtained from YFV …

Demography of Amboseli baboons, 1963-1983.

Repeated censuses of a population of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, revealed a decrease from over 2,500 animals in 1963-1964 to 123 individuals in 1979, or from a density of about 73 to 1.8 baboons per km2 over a 15-year period. Median group size decreased from 43 in 1964 to 27 in 1979. The largest and smallest groups declined the most; groups near the median have maintained fairly stable size and age distributions. The population seemed to have stabilized by 1983 at approximately 150 animals in six groups (median group size 28; density 2.2/km2). Although

[Serologic survey on arbovirus infections in patients presenting with uveitis].

Viruses have been demonstrated or suspected as the causative agents of various types of uveitis. Some arboviruses can be responsible for ocu … against one or more flaviviruses antigens in thirteen patients: nine monospecific reactions against Yellow Fever virus (as a consequence of a vaccination) and four reactions against several flaviviruses. The four positive reactions are easily explainable by previous trips in countries where several arboviruses are endemic. By CF test we found antibodies at a l …

Too few and too little: barricades to the pursuit of health.

Academic responsibilities in the field of international health are considered. Too often the instructional process neglects essential aspects of the natural history and the control of infectious diseases. Few scientists are able to teach from a background of practical experience in the field. Little emphasis is placed on the continuum of problems deriving from an ever-changing human ecology. The program of "Health for All" of the World Health Organization and the recognition by the World Bank of health as an integral component of the developmental process are salutary events. Yet, progress dep

Antiviral efficacy of pyrazofurin against selected RNA viruses.

The antibiotic pyrazofurin, 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-hydroxypyrazole-5-carboxamide, markedly inhibited the in vitro replication of a number of RNA viruses including Rift Valley fever (RVF), Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), Sandfly, Pichinde, Lassa and LCM virus. Plaque formation was reduced by 80% or more with 2-10 micrograms/ml of pyrazofurin while 2 micrograms/ml reduced by 1000-fold the yield of Lassa and LCM virus in a yield reduction assay. In vivo, pyrazofurin failed to protect mice and guinea pigs against a lethal challenge with VEE and Pichinde virus, respectively. On the o

Larvicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and Vitex trifolia (L.) leaves extracts against mosquito (Aedes aegypti Linnaeus 1762).

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of several dangerous diseases, including dengue fever (DF), chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, and yellow fever. Pongamia pinnata and Vitex trifolia are two multipurpose plant species that can be used for mosquito control. The present research aims to analyze the larvicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of P. pinnata and V. trifolia leaf extracts against Ae. aegypti. Pongamia pinnata and V. trifolia leaves were extracted using methanol, and the extracts were screened for phytochemical compounds. The extracts were tested for…

Next-Generation HIV-1 Therapeutics in Co-Endemic Settings.

The development of next-generation HIV-1 therapeutics, including ultralong-acting antivirals, novel mechanistic classes, and curative immunotherapies, promises to overcome the limitations of lifelong, daily antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the real-world efficacy of these treatments depends on the complex epidemiological landscapes in which they are used. In South America, HIV-1 epidemics intersect hyperendemic arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, and regionally isolated pathogens, such as mammarenaviruses. These co-infections cause profound episodic immune…

Application of Orthoflavivirus Pseudovirus Technology in Antiviral Research.

Arthropod-borne orthoflaviviruses, including dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, pose a significant global public health threat, causing hundreds of millions of infections annually with severe clinical symptoms. However, the lack of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs, coupled with the biosafety risks associated with handling live highly pathogenic strains, hinders progress in antiviral research. Pseudovirus technology, which uses single-round infectious viral particles lacking replication competence, has thus gained prominence as a safe and versatile to…