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On the Nature of Fluorescence Modification Induced by Deformation in Regenerated Silk Fibroin.

The mechanical deformation of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) films induces notable changes in their fluorescence properties, yet the underly … ering (WAXS). Ab initio calculations of model systems confirmed that fluorescence, primarily due to tryptophan residues, is highly sensitive to local conformation and hydrogen-bonding interactions. To elucidate the effect of deformation on silk fibroin fluorescence, WAXS patterns, using synchrotron radiation, and fluorescence spectra were acquired while simu …

Two new cases of KYNU deficiency: Further delineation of the phenotypic and biochemical spectrum and exploration of treatment options.

Congenital NAD+ deficiency disorders (CNDD) represent a novel category of hereditary diseases that affect NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. CNDD include kynureninase (KYNU) deficiency with only ten documented patients to date. Here, we report two new cases. In addition to the previously described clinical phenotype of congenital heart defects, skeletal abnormalities, hearing loss and airway malacia, our patients also had hypothyroidism, recurrent infections, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The first patient's exome analysis identified compound heterozygosity for two novel KYNU variants, pathog…

Metabolic interactions: how gut microbial metabolites influence colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern due to its rising incidence and high rate of cancer-associated deaths. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota and their metabolites are critically involved in the initiation and advancement of CRC. These metabolites, which originate from the breakdown of nutrients from food and host-related substances through microbial activity in the gut, can profoundly influence tumor formation. In addition to well-studied compounds such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), tryptophan metabolites, and polyamines, this review …

Weakened fungus-assisted remediation of Cd(II) after addition of fibrous palygorskite.

AIMS: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Rho) has a strong ability to absorb heavy metals. In this study, the influences of fibrous palygorskite (Pal … while, the P removal content also declined after addition of palygorskite. Moreover, the content of tryptophan and carotenoids, which can substantially resist heavy metal stress, were not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the addition of fibrous palygorskite had an overall negative influence on fungus-assisted Cd remediation.

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies arise during affinity maturation of germline antibodies to carbamylated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis.

Why autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily target physiologically modified proteins, called citrullinated proteins, is unknow … rmline precursor exhibit distinct structural and biophysical properties, and pointed to heavy-chain tryptophan 48 (H-W48) as a critical residue in the differential recognition of citrullinated vs. carbamylated proteins. Indeed, a single methionine substitution in H-W48 changes the antibody specificity from ACPA to anti-CarP. These data indicate that the exis …

Quantitative profiling of aromatic amino acids and their host-microbial co-metabolites in human urine via UPLC-MS/MS.

The aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine are involved in many biochemical pathways and their metabolism and co-metabolism by the human and the gut microbiota results in the production of a number of metabolites. Many of these are phenols which are excreted in the urine after either sulfation or glucuronidation by the host. These metabolic processes can be dysregulated due to factors such as inflammation, disease, dietary and/or pharmaceutical interventions. Validated, quantitative methods for the analysis of aromatic amino acids and their metabolites may therefore provid…

The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.

Cognitive decline is frequently seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of cognitive decline in these patients are likely to be multifactorial, including vascular disease, uraemic toxins, blood-brain barrier leakage, and metabolic and endocrine changes. Gut dysbiosis is common in patients with CKD and contributes to the increase in uraemic toxins. However, the gut microbiome modulates local and systemic levels of several metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or derivatives of tryptophan metabolism, neurotransmitters, endocannabinoid-like mediators, bile acids, horm…

Protective effects of diacerein against quinolinic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in adult zebrafish by targeting GSK-3β signalling.

Huntington's disease is a brain-related hereditary condition characterized by a gradual loss of mental, physical, and emotional function. Quinolinic acid is a toxic substance that is formed because of the breakdown of tryptophan, a compound involved in the metabolism of the amino acid. Diacerein is an anthraquinone which shows anti-inflammatory effects. The binding capacity of diacerein on GSK-3β is screened via Auto Dock. The purpose of the study is to check neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of diacerein on QA-induced HD in adult zebra fish. In this study, 14 fish in each group…

Ido1 or Ido2 deficiency in myeloid-derived cells attenuates TMEV-induced ictogenesis.

Viral encephalitis is a serious medical condition that causes neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, cognitive deficits and seizures (ictogen … ession is induced by inflammation. IDO1 and IDO2 proteins initiate the kynurenine pathway, by which tryptophan is converted into kynurenine but both proteins have poorly characterized non-enzymatic actions with unknown consequences during encephalomyelitis. In this study, we found that Ido1 and Ido2 deficiencies within myeloid-derived cells reduced ictogenes …

Hierarchical porous GO-MONs-NH2 composite for efficient solid-phase extraction of aromatic amino acids: A novel approach to biomarker detection in depression.

Aromatic amino acids (AAAs) play a critical role in neurotransmitter synthesis and are implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. However … trostatic forces, exhibiting rapid mass transfer and high affinity for tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. The GO-MONs-NH2 solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), enables simultaneous detection of the three AAAs in urine samples without the need for mass spectrometry. …

Kynurenin Pathway Modulation by Working in Multical Sclerosis: Последствия для защиты от нейро и воспаления.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое, воспалительное и нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся иммунной диагностикой и нейронным воспалением. Благодаря образованию нейроактивных метаболитов, кинуреньский путь (КП), один из ключевых путей метаболизма триптофана, влияет на патогенез MS, регулируя иммунную реакцию и нейронный гомеостаз. Регулирование КП приводит к перепроизводству таких нейротоксичных метаболитов, как квинолинская кислота (QUIN), для которых характерна потеря гомеостаза между нейрозащитой (например, кинуриновой кислотой, KYNA) и не

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that is characterized by immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation. Owing to the generation of neuroactive metabolites, the kynurenine pathway (KP), one of the key pathways of tryptophan metabolism, influences the pathogenesis of MS by regul…

l-Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner.

Alterations to the gut microbiota are associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas restoration of normobiosis can effectively alleviate … -theanine can improve the abundance of microbiota related to short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, and tryptophan production. Single-cell sequencing results indicated that l-theanine-mediated suppression of UC was associated with immune cell changes, especially regarding macrophages and T and B cells, and validated the immune cell responses to the gut microbiot …

The role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and gut microbes are a … rence and progression of NAFLD are significantly associated with higher levels of LPS biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated gut microbes relevance to disease development and identified potential risk-associated microbes and functional pathways associated with NAFLD occurrence and …

Chimeric AQP4-based immunosorbent for highly-specific removal of AQP4-IgG from blood.

Anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (AQP4-IgG) are implicated in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and their removal from the blood circulation is considered to be an effective method for acute treatment. An ideal extracorporeal AQP4-IgG removal system should have high specificity, which means that it can selectively remove AQP4-IgG without affecting normal immunoglobulins. However, the conventional tryptophan immobilized column lacks sufficient specificity and cannot achieve this goal. In this study, we successfully prepared a fusion protein chimeric AQP4, which…

Current state of the non-pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome: an up-to-date review of the literature.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) that is thought to affect a significant proportion of t … diets had mixed evidence for their efficacy. Novel diets, including a tritordeum-based diet and low tryptophan diet, significantly improved symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy was found to be efficacious when compared to controls, as was psychoeducation. GDH was also found to be efficacious, but 83.3% of studies examined a refractory IBS population. Ther …

The significance of gut microbiota in the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis: a narrative review.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver that is mediated by autoimmunity and has complex pathogenesis. Its … FAs), and polyamines, and increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), tryptophan metabolite, amino acid, and bile acid, can disrupt immune homeostasis by activating various immune cells and immune-related signaling pathways, resulting in aberrant activation of the immune system. Clarifying this mechanism has significant clinical …

Mutasynthesis generates nine new pyrroindomycins.

Pyrroindomycins (PYRs) represent the only spirotetramate natural products discovered in nature, and possess potent activities against methic … ne pyrK1 encodes a DUF1864 family protein that probably catalyzes the oxidative transformation of L-tryptophan to DHPI, and its deletion results in the abolishment of DHPI-containing PYRs and the accumulation of three new PYRs either without acyl modification or with DHPI replaced by benzoic acid and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid. Capitalizing on the capacity of …

Transthyretin mutagenesis: impact on amyloidogenesis and disease.

Transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein found in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and the eye, plays a pivotal role in the onset of severa … are considered pathogenic. Aspartic acid is the residue mutated with the highest frequency, whereas tryptophan is highly conserved. "Hot spot" mutation regions are mainly assigned to β-strands B, C, and D. This manuscript also reviews the protein aggregation models that have been proposed for TTR amyloid fibril formation and the transient conformational stat …

Indole induces anxiety-like behaviour in mice mediated by brainstem locus coeruleus activation.

The gut microbiota produces metabolites that enrich the host metabolome and play a part in host physiology, including brain functions. Yet the biological mediators of this gut-brain signal transduction remain largely unknown. In this study, the possible role of the gut microbiota metabolite indole, originating from tryptophan, was investigated. Oral administration of indole to simulate microbial overproduction of this compound in the gut consistently led to impaired locomotion and anxiety-like behaviour in both C3H/HeN and C57BL/6J mice. By employing c-Fos protein expression mapping in mice, w…

Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic mark … ompared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S- …