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Heat, Brain, and Mental Health: Biological Mechanisms Underlying Climate-Related Psychiatric Outcomes.

Heat exposure is an increasingly important climate-related determinant of mental health, yet the biological mechanisms linking heat to psychiatric outcomes remain insufficiently integrated. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from climate medicine, thermoregulation, neuroscience, psychoneuroimmunology, sleep research, psychopharmacology, epidemiology, and psychiatry to examine how acute and chronic heat exposure may influence mental health. Heat acts as a multi-system biological stressor by challenging thermoregulation, increasing autonomic and cardiovascular strain, disrupting hydratio

Aesthetic experience: Foundations, tensions, and new directions.

Neuroaesthetics is a young subdiscipline of cognitive neuroscience that investigates the psychological and biological bases of diverse aesthetic experiences. Emerging from the iterative interaction of perceptual, affective, and cognitive processes, aesthetic experiences are complex, dynamic, subjective states with considerable individual variability. Three decades of behavioral and neuroimaging investigation supports varied and robust theoretical accounts, with key points of debate including whether aesthetic experience constitutes a distinct psychological and neural phenomena or is sufficient…

A scoping review of nonpharmacologic strategies for use with Mediterranean youth with mixed chronic pain conditions: a culturally adapted approach.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain in youth is common, affecting over 20% worldwide. While effective nonpharmacologic interventions are available, including psychological therapies and physical interventions, it is critical to ensure available interventions are culturally relevant. The objective of this scoping review is to understand nonpharmacologic interventional strategies used for youth with chronic pain conditions in Mediterranean countries and rate the quality of the evidence. METHODS: Search terms to identify nonpharmacologic treatments for youth with chronic pain in Mediterranean countries (e.g

Object knowledge representation in the human visual cortex requires a connection with the language system.

How world knowledge is stored in the human brain is a central question in cognitive neuroscience. Object knowledge effects have been commonly observed in higher-order sensory association cortices, with the role of language being highly debated. Using object color as a test case, we investigated whether communication with the language system plays a necessary role in knowledge neural representation in the visual cortex and corresponding behaviors, combining diffusion imaging (measuring white-matter structural integrity), functional MRI (fMRI; measuring functional neural representation of knowle…

Precision neurodiversity: personalized brain network architecture as a window into cognitive variability.

Precision neurodiversity marks a shift in neuroscience from pathological models to personalized frameworks that view neurological differences as adaptive variations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the Personalized Brain Network architecture and its relationship with cognitive variability in both typical and neurodiverse populations. The study examines advancements in connectome-based prediction modeling, normative modeling, dynamic fingerprinting, and machine learning methods that characterize individual-specific neural networks. Recent findings indicate that the Personalized Bra

Intensity- and frequency-specific effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation are explained by network dynamics.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can be used to non-invasively entrain neural activity, and thereby cause changes in local neural oscillatory power. Despite an increased use in cognitive and clinical neuroscience, the fundamental mechanisms of tACS are still not fully understood. Here, we develop a computational neuronal network model of two-compartment pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons which mimic the local cortical circuits. We model tACS with electric field strengths that are achievable in human applications. We then simulate intrinsic network activity and mea

Simultaneous transcranial and transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation to enhance athletic performance outcome in experienced boxers.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is among the rapidly growing experimental approaches to enhance athletic performance. Likewise, novel investigations have recently addressed the effects of transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) on motor functions such as reduced reaction time. The impact of tDCS, and tsDCS might be attributed to altered spontaneous neural activity and membrane potentials of cortical and corticomotoneuronal cells, respectively. Given the paucity of empirical research in non-invasive brain stimulation in sports neuroscience, especially in boxing,

A mechanistic model for individualised treatment of anxiety disorders based on predictive neural biomarkers.

Increased amygdala responsiveness is the hallmark of fear and a characteristic across patients with anxiety disorders. The amygdala is embed … ong patients, presumably leading to high variation in treatment benefit. Transforming insights from cognitive neuroscience into applicable clinical heuristics to categorise patients based on their underlying biomarker may support individualised treatment selection in psychiatry. We review literature on the three anxiety-related mechanisms and present a mechanistic model …

State of the "Art" in Freezing of Gait: Drawing on Perspectives of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing motor, cognitive, and emotional domains. The impact of FoG is enormous, but can be difficult to articulate. Traditional clinical assessments typically fail to capture its subjective and affective impact. This qualitative study explored drawings from individuals with PD to better understand the lived experience of FoG. Specifically, we collected artworks created by individuals who experience FoG. We studied the personal perceptions and emotions associated with FoG drawings

Resetting the hippocampal buffer: a neurocognitive account of psychedelic therapy for anxiety-related psychopathology.

Psychedelics (hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists such as psilocybin) are being investigated for their potential to treat a range of conditions, … ty, and suggest directions for future research to determine the optimal treatment paths informed by cognitive neuroscience.

From cradle to cortex: An exposome- and equity-centered perspective of neurocognitive aging and dementia risk in the era of climate change.

The convergence of climate change, adverse environmental exposures, and rapid population aging necessitates an equity-based paradigm shift in safeguarding brain health across the life course. Older adults, especially those in marginalized and low-resource settings, face disproportionate exposure to air pollution, toxicants, and climate-related hazards. Emerging evidence links these biophysical, social, and cultural vulnerabilities to cognitive decline and a heightened risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs), underscoring the need to examine cumulative exposures acr

Beyond the serotonin deficit hypothesis: communicating a neuroplasticity framework of major depressive disorder.

The serotonin deficit hypothesis explanation for major depressive disorder (MDD) has persisted among clinicians and the general public alike despite insufficient supporting evidence. To combat rising mental health crises and eroding public trust in science and medicine, researchers and clinicians must be able to communicate to patients and the public an updated framework of MDD: one that is (1) accessible to a general audience, (2) accurately integrates current evidence about the efficacy of conventional serotonergic antidepressants with broader and deeper understandings of pathophysiology and

The Neurophysiology Behind Trauma-Focused Therapy Modalities Used to Treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Across the Life Course: A Systematic Review.

This review presents the current state of understanding of trauma-informed modalities in light of current research in neuroscience, analyzing which brain structures and processes are impacted by these modalities. Studies included in the present review met the inclusion criteria of 1) addressing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a specific population, 2) treatment of PTSD using any of the evidence-based trauma-informed modalities considered in this review, and 3) presenting functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) data, derived from BOLD signals and voxel-compression maps, of brain s

Deductive-reasoning brain networks: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of the neural signatures in deductive reasoning.

OBJECTIVE: Deductive reasoning is a complex and poorly understood concept in the field of psychology. Many cognitive neuroscience studies have been published on deductive reasoning but have yielded inconsistent findings. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed collected data from 38 articles using a recently proposed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach and used conjunction analysis to better determine the intersection of the results of meta-analyses. RESULTS: First, the left hemispheres in the inferior parietal lobule (Brodmann area 40 [BA40]), middle frontal gyrus (BA6), medial fron…

Study protocol: Insight 46 - a neuroscience sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.

BACKGROUND: Increasing age is the biggest risk factor for dementia, of which Alzheimer's disease is the commonest cause. The pathological changes underpinning Alzheimer's disease are thought to develop at least a decade prior to the onset of symptoms. Molecular positron emission tomography and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging allow key pathological processes underpinning cognitive impairment - including β-amyloid depostion, vascular disease, network breakdown and atrophy - to be assessed repeatedly and non-invasively. This enables potential determinants of dementia to be delineated earli

Subjective cognitive decline predicts longitudinal neuropsychological test performance in an unsupervised online setting in the Brain Health Registry.

BACKGROUNDS: Digital, online assessments are efficient means to detect early cognitive decline, but few studies have investigated the relationship between remotely collected subjective cognitive change and cognitive decline. We hypothesized that the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog), a subjective change measure, predicts longitudinal change in cognition in the Brain Health Registry (BHR), an online registry for neuroscience research. METHODS: This study included BHR participants aged 55 + who completed both the baseline ECog and repeated administrations of the CANTAB® Paired Associates Learning

Когниция в множественном склерозе в эпоху современной диагностики и лечения.

Замедленная скорость обработки информации долгое время считалась главным когнитивным дефицитом в множестве склерозов, при этом замедленная когнитивная скорость считалась причиной дефицита вниз по течению других функций, включая память. Эта быстроцентричная модель была создана более тридцати лет назад до того, как появилась возможность для лечения болезней, и контрастирует с нашим нынешним клиническим опытом, но, тем не менее, остается доминирующей и не вызывает сомнений. Мы провели переоценку этой модели среди нынешних пациентов с множественным склерозом, диагностированным и прошедшим лечение

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Slowed information processing speed has long been considered the principal cognitive deficit in multiple sclerosis, with slowed cognitive sp … er investigation. The field requires testable models of memory dysfunction informed by contemporary cognitive neuroscience, with the goal of developing heretofore elusive treatments for memory deficits.

Defining imagination: a conceptual mapping and provisional model.

INTRODUCTION: Imagination is a central feature of human thought, yet it remains poorly defined and inconsistently conceptualized across disciplines, limiting cumulative progress in research. This paper proposes a provisional conceptual model of imagination aimed at organizing existing terminology and clarifying imagination's structure and role in human cognition. METHODS: Using a conceptual review approach, the authors synthesize literature from psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and related fields, focusing on work that defines, measures, or models imagination. Sources were analyzed to id

Fractional-Order Spiking Bayesian Neural Model for Cognitive Computations.

Cognition under uncertainty can be formalized through Bayesian inference, but biologically plausible neural implementations remain a challenge. This study develops a Bayesian neural model for lifespan prediction that integrates fractional-order dynamics into classical Leaky Integrate-and-Fire and Izhikevich neuron models. The inclusion of fractional derivative introduces long-term memory, and thus enhancing both biological plausibility and representational capacity of the Bayesian neural model. Experimental results demonstrate that fractional-order neuron models consistently provide closer ali

Adequate Levels of Vitamin D Are Protective of Executive Functions in Patients with Chronic Mental Health.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions and may be involved in the clinical presentation of psychotic disorders. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with schizophrenia and cognitive decline, particularly in executive functions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and performance in executive functions, processing speed, accuracy, and concentration in patients with schizophrenia and other organic mental disorders. METHOD: Retrospective, cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 113 adult