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Redox environment modulates aggregation of ataxin-3 in vitro - Implications for drug screening of cysteine-rich proteins.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder driven by the pathological aggregation of ataxin-3 (Atx3), a deub … aggregation by regulating disulfide bond formation within the Josephin domain. We demonstrate that dithiothreitol (DTT), through progressive oxidation, promotes the formation of non-native and disulfide-linked conformers, which may serve as nucleation centers for fibril formation. In contrast, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine preserves cysteine residues of Atx3 in …

Disulphide reduction alters the immunoreactivity and increases the affinity of insulin-like growth-factor-I receptors in human placenta.

We previously identified two forms of the insulin-like growth-factor-I (IGF-I) receptor in human placenta: a lower-affinity form reactive with an autoantiserum (B-2) to the insulin receptor and a higher-affinity non-immunoreactive form [Jonas & Harrison (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2288-2294]. Evidence is now presented that the lower-affinity immunoreactive forms are convertible into higher-affinity non-immunoreactive forms via reduction of receptor disulphide bonds. Treatment of placental membranes with increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT): (1) converted native Mr-290 000 heterotet…

A comparison of the in vitro and in vivo activities of conjugates of anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and abrin.

Anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and normal immunoglobulin have been conjugated to abrin using two procedures, one involving linkage through an amide bond and a piperazine ring and the other the introduction of two amide bonds flanking a disulphide bridge. The four conjugates produced were equipotent as inhibitors of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Each antibody-containing conjugate was a more effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in cultured cells than the equivalent normal immunoglobulin-containing conjugate. In addition the conjugates with disulphide linkage groups were t

Cytolytic IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus in primary cytomegalovirus infection in humans.

Suspensions of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected human foreskin fibroblasts were used to measure cytolytic antibody (CyA) to CMV in serum by a 51Cr release assay. CyA was associated with IgM but not with IgG antibody to CMV, required rabbit or human complement, and was directed at a surface antigen. CyA was detectable for one to three months in the sera of 16 patients with community-acquired CMV infection and in the sera of 20 of 22 renal transplant recipients with primary CMV infection. CyA was found less frequently in the sera of renal transplant recipients with reactivated CMV infection and oc

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S: an adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase distinct from toxin A.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S is an adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase distinct from Pseudomonas toxin A. Exoenzyme S catalyzes the transfer of radioactivity from all portions of radiolabeled NAD+ except nicotinamide. Digestion of the radiolabeled product(s) formed in the presence of [adenine-14C]NAD+ and exoenzyme S with snake venom phosphodiesterase yields only AMP, suggesting that ADP-ribose is present as monomers and not as poly(ADP-ribose). Exoenzyme S does not catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to elongation factor 2, as do toxin A and diphtheria toxin, but to one o

In vitro induction of the sexual stage of Babesia ovata enhances infection efficiency of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in a semi-artificial feeding model.

Haemaphysalis longicornis is an important tick species that transmits multiple pathogens to animals and humans, and its global distribution is expanding. Understanding tickpathogen interaction requires efficient tick infection models. However, a cost-effective, rapid, and easy-to-operate model remains lacking. This study aimed to improve the infection efficiency of a semi-artificial feeding model by in vitro induction of Babesia ovata using dithiothreitol. Induction was confirmed by morphological observation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis of sexual-stage marker genes (HAP2, 6…

Characterization of woodsmoke generated in the air pollution exposure lab and comparison to diesel exhaust.

To address the increasing concern regarding woodsmoke (WS) exposure and better understand its effects on human health, a WS generation syste … pared with DE aerosols. Greater oxidative potential was also observed for WS compared with DE, with dithiothreitol consumption rates of 0.0090 nmol/min/µg. This study established a controlled human exposure platform for WS and described the methods used for analyzing and comparing the concentrations, particulate morphologies, chemical compositions, and oxidative …

Are Sputum High Mobility Group Box 1 and D-Dimer Changes Relevant Markers of Tissue Damage and Fibrinolysis in Cystic Fibrosis?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease whose hallmarks include chronic inflammation of the airways causing tissue … subjected to two different treatment protocols. In the first protocol, the sample was treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) and then centrifuged in order to collect the supernatant (SED). In the second protocol, the sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was obtained (SE). The pellet obtained was treated with DTT and then centrifuged in order to collect the sup …

Применение растворимого CD38 при перекрещивании крови для пациентов на антиCD38-терапии: опыт в одном центре.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Для лечения таких заболеваний, как множественная миелома, используются такие антитела, как Daratumumumab (MoAb) антиCD38. Потому что красные кровяные клетки (RBC) экспрессируют CD38, эти MoAbs препятствуют тестированию антител и перекрещиванию в банках крови. Для решения этой проблемы была использована обработка реагентных элементов с целью уничтожения CD38 в сочетании с фенотипингом/генотипией. Из-за активности против CD38 в плазме пациента, РБК будет несовместимо и помечено крестом-несовместимым, что потребует связи с командой по заказу относительно безопасности переливания крови

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Human monoclonal (MoAb) anti-CD38 antibodies, such as daratumumab, are used to treat diseases such as multiple myeloma. Because red blood cells (RBCs) express CD38, these MoAbs interfere with antibody screening and crossmatching in blood banks. The dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of reagent cells to destroy CD38, combined with phenotyping/genotypi…

Analysis of Titers of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G ABO Antibodies in Group O Blood and Plateletphersis Donors at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

CONTEXT: ABO isoagglutinins, particularly anti-A and anti-B antibodies, are clinically significant in transfusion medicine due to their pote … iary care center. IgM titers were estimated using the saline cards, and IgG titers were measured on dithiothreitol (DTT)-treated samples using the indirect antiglobulin test on polyspecific AHG cards. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and univariate and multivariate regression. RESULTS: Anti-A titers were significantly h …

Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic study of organotins as inhibitors of human, pig, and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

Organotins have been widely used in various industrial applications. This study investigated the structure-activity relationship as inhibito … dues in the catalytic sites. This proposition was supported by the observation that the addition of dithiothreitol reversed the inhibition caused by all organotins except for triethyltin, which was partially reversed. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the structure-activity relationship of organotins as inhibitors of human, pig, and rat g …

Human and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are suppressed by dithiocarbamate fungicides via interacting with cysteine residues.

Dithiocarbamates have been widely used in various industrial applications, such as insecticides (ferbam) or drug (disulfiram). This study ex … man 3β-HSD2 and mixed/noncompetitive inhibition for rat 3β-HSD1. Additionally, it was observed that dithiothreitol dose-dependently reversed the inhibitory effects of dithiocarbamates on both human and rat gonadal 3β-HSD enzymes. The study also delved into the penetration of these dithiocarbamates through the human KGN cell membrane and their impact on progester …

Endoplasmic reticulum protein of 57 kDa sulfhydration promotes intestinal calcium absorption to attenuate primary osteoporosis.

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in bone metabolism. However, the exact role of H2S in intestinal calcium and phosp … h were reversed by pretreatment with sodium hydrosulfide before H2O2 stimulation and restored by DL-dithiothreitol. These findings suggest that H2S attenuates primary osteoporosis by preventing ROS-induced ERp57 damage in intestinal epithelial cells by enhancing ERp57 activity and promoting intestinal calcium absorption, thereby aiding in developing therapeutic …

The metabolic activation of pentachlorophenol to chloranil as a potent inhibitor of human and rat placental 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used pesticide. However, whether PCP and its metabolite chloranil have endocrine-disrupting effects by i … tely inhibited rat placental homolog 3β-HSD4, with IC50 values of 27.94 and 23.42 μM, respectively. Dithiothreitol (DTT) alone significantly increased human 3β-HSD1 activity. Chloranil not PCP mediated inhibition of human 3β-HSD1 activity was completely reversed by DTT and that of rat 3β-HSD4 was partially reversed by DTT. Docking analysis revealed that both PCP …

Molecular mechanisms of MrgprA3-independent activation of the transient receptor potential ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 by chloroquine.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Itch is associated with several pathologies and is a common drug-induced side effect. Chloroquine (CQ) is reported t … ight evokes membrane currents through both channels. This effect is inhibited by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and is reduced on mutants lacking cysteine residues accounting for reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity. The combination of CQ and UVA light triggers an accumulation of intracellular ROS, removes fast inactivation of voltage-gated sodium …

Effect of the drug cyclophosphamide on the activity of porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.

The enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH EC 1.2.1.8) catalyzes the synthesis of glycine betaine (GB), an osmolyte and osmoprotectant. … and GB (1 and 10 mM) did not have an effect on the enzyme inactivation by CTX. The reducing agents, dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, reverted the pkBADH inactivation, but reduced glutathione (GSH) was unable to restore the enzyme activity. Molecular docking showed that CTX could enter at the enzyme active site, where its chlorine atoms may interact with the …

The oxidative and neurotoxic potentials of the ambient PM2.5 extracts: The efficient multi-solvent extraction method.

The health effects of ambient air particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the central nervous system are well known and the … ient PM2.5, besides PMms and PMaq were analyzed for water-soluble ions, metals, and major elements. Dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, lipid peroxidation, and cell viability assays on SH-SY5Y cells represented the significantly higher oxidative potential for PMms compared to PMaq. The increased cytotoxicity may occur because of the increased oxidative potential of P …