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The Association of Opioid Misuse and Suicidality among People with Disabilities.

Background/Purpose: Past research has linked non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) with suicide, though less focus has been placed among people with disabilities impacted by the opioid epidemic. This study examined the relationship of NMPOU and suicidality among people with and without disabilities while controlling for sociodemographic and other variables. Method: Using the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 38,088 respondents 18 and older to examine the effect of opioid misuse and disability o

Epidemiological associations of asthma status and tobacco use, substance use, and substance misuse among adults in the United States, 2015-2019.

Objective: Adults with asthma have a higher prevalence of substance use. However, knowledge is scarce regarding the associations between adults with asthma and tobacco use, substance use, and substance misuse. This study aimed to use national samples of United States adults to assess the comprehensive use and misuse of substances in adults with asthma.Method: This cross-sectional study comprised data drawn from the 2015 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Weighted logistic regressions were used to measure the associations of asthma status (lifetime and current) with last month's to

Large scale consumption monitoring of benzodiazepines and z-drugs by hair analysis.

Benzodiazepines (BDZ) and z-drugs belong to the most frequently prescribed medicines worldwide used for anxiety, epilepsy and sleeping disorders. Due to their pharmacology, they have a high potential for misuse. Hair analysis is being performed for the retrospective monitoring of drug exposure. However, there is a lack of reference values to obtain indication of BDZ/z-drug misuse. Further, there is no consensus on BDZ/z-drug cut-off concentrations above which a hair sample is reported as positive. The objective of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate BDZ/z-drug levels in hair for …

Establishment of an antimicrobial stewardship strategy on the surgical NICU at Cairo University specialized pediatric hospital.

PURPOSE: Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern that we are facing nowadays. This is due to antibiotic misuse and bacteria developing resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. This may lead to increased mortality and consumption of country resources. Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program [ASP] can limit the use of unnecessary antibiotics and subsequently decrease the infection rates with better patient outcome. We aimed to control antibiotic misuse, reduce infection rate, decrease drug costs, and reduce length of hospital stay in the ICU. METHODS: We conducted a prosp

Impaired frontostriatal functional connectivity among chronic opioid using pain patients is associated with dysregulated affect.

Preclinical studies have shown effects of chronic exposure to addictive drugs on glutamatergic-mediated neuroplasticity in frontostriatal ci … pioid use-related deficits in frontostriatal circuitry would be associated with negative affect and drug misuse. Prescription opioid users with chronic pain (n = 31) and drug-free healthy controls (n = 30) underwent a high-resolution anatomical and an eyes-closed resting-state functional scan. The opioid group, relative to controls, exhibited weaker frontostr …

Screening and Assessment of Substance Use in Hospice Care: Examining Content from a National Sample of Psychosocial Assessments.

BACKGROUND: Quality of care provided by hospice and palliative care agencies depends on a thorough understanding of the patient, the family, their history, and current risk factors. It is therefore imperative for social workers and other providers in these settings to assess patients and caregivers for substance use disorders and potential for substance misuse. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine how hospice social workers in the United States screen and assess for alcohol and substance use and risk of medication diversion among patients and family caregivers. DESIGN/MEASUREMENTS: Using a cluster

Self-poisoning as a cause of admission in a medical intensive care unit and a question of misuse of prescription medications.

BACKGROUND: Self-poisoning accounts for between 3 and 17% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. OBJECTIVES: To display the misused substances, intention, and outcome of patients admitted to the ICU due to self-poisoning. METHODS: A retrospective review of ICU admissions using an electronic patient database was performed. RESULTS: A total of 149 patients were admitted, accounting for 4.6% of ICU admissions. Self-poisoning with self-harm was more frequent than without self-harm intent (62.4% vs. 37.6%). 64.4% of ingested substances were misused prescribed drugs. Females used antipsychotics

Illicit gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and pharmaceutical sodium oxybate (Xyrem): differences in characteristics and misuse.

There are distinct differences in the accessibility, purity, dosing, and misuse associated with illicit gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) compared to pharmaceutical sodium oxybate. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate sodium and sodium oxybate are the chemical and drug names, respectively, for the pharmaceutical product Xyrem (sodium oxybate) oral solution. However, the acronym GHB is also used to refer to illicit formulations that are used for non-medical purposes. This review highlights important differences between illicit GHB and sodium oxybate with regard to their relative abuse liability, which includes the

Postmarketing Research for Opioid Abuse-Deterrent Formulations: A Narrative Review.

Although prescription opioids may be necessary to manage severe and persistent pain, many factors including concern for opioid abuse and misuse have led to restricted availability of these analgesics. Opioid abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) were developed to enhance resistance to tampering yet retain analgesic efficacy. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the ADF designation is based on prespecified preclinical (category 1), pharmacokinetic (category 2), and/or clinical (category 3) evidence demonstrating abuse-deterrent properties. Currently, 4 opioid formulations carry the

Разработка и утверждение "композитивной меры проблемного поведения".

Клинические врачи часто сталкиваются с такими проблемами, как членовредительство, ограничительное питание, овощное питание, злоупотребление алкоголем, злоупотребление наркотиками, курение, сексуальная беспорядочность, зависимость от Интернета, чрезмерные физические упражнения и агрессия. Несмотря на то, что такое поведение, как правило, происходит одновременно, не существует шкалы для их измерения. На основе данных из двух возможных выборок (N = 691 и N = 53) в настоящем исследовании был разработан и подтвержден комплексный показатель проблемного поведения, о котором говорилось выше. Комплексн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Clinicians frequently encounter problem behaviors such as self-harm, restrictive eating, binge eating, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, smoking, sexual promiscuity, internet addiction, excessive exercise, and aggression. Although these behaviors commonly co-occur, no scale exists to measure them concurrently. Based on data from two opportunity samples (N = 691 a…

Prevalence and factors associated with polydrug use among clients seeking treatment for alcohol misuse.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper was to examine the client and psychosocial characteristics associated with polydrug use in patients with alcohol misuse as their primary drug of concern (PDC) seeking treatment from substance use treatment centres. METHODS: Self-report surveys were undertaken with clients attending 1 of 34 community-based substance use treatment centres across Australia with alcohol as their PDC. Survey items included client's socio-demographic characteristics, level of alcohol dependence, use of other drugs including tobacco, health and wellbeing factors including health-r

The non-medical use of tramadol in the UK: findings from a large community sample.

BACKGROUND: Prescription drug misuse has become a public health problem in several developed countries. In the UK, there has been no increase in people seeking treatment for prescription drug dependence, but there has been a progressive rise in fatal overdoses involving tramadol. OBJECTIVES: To explore the source, motivations for use and patterns of use of tramadol in the UK. METHODS: We conducted anonymous online survey of drug use and related behaviours as part of an ongoing drug trend monitoring initiative. We included questions assessing the patterns of use, source and function of tramad…

Laboratory testing for prescription opioids.

Opioid analgesic misuse has risen significantly over the past two decades, and these drugs now represent the most commonly abused class of prescription medications. They are a major cause of poisoning deaths in the USA exceeding heroin and cocaine. Laboratory testing plays a role in the detection of opioid misuse and the evaluation of patients with opioid intoxication. Laboratories use both immunoassay and chromatographic methods (e.g., liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection), often in combination, to yield high detection sensitivity and drug specificity. Testing methods for op

Culturally relevant risk and protective factors for nonmedical use of prescription opioids among incarcerated African American men.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) is a national phenomenon affecting a multitude of subpopulations, including incarcerated African American men. However, there has been little investigation of the correlates of NMUPO among this population. OBJECTIVE: Grounded in primary socialization theory, the current study aimed to examine the association between family bonds, family history of prescription drug misuse, and mental health symptoms on NMUPO among African American incarcerated men. METHOD: A step-wise logistic regression was cond…

Anabolic androgenic steroids in the general population: user characteristics and associations with substance use.

AIMS: To analyse correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use in the general male population. DESIGN: A national household survey. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 15-64 years in Sweden. MEASUREMENTS: AAS use and potential correlates of AAS use, including demographic data, financial situation, physical training, and substance use. In hierarchical logistic regression analyses, lifetime users of AAS (n = 240) were compared to all nonusers (n = 13,920) and to nonusers who reported that they had been offered AAS (n = 487). RESULTS: AAS use was most strongly associated with a lifetime his

Biomarkers of opiate use.

The interpretation of toxicological findings is critical for the thorough investigation of the use and abuse of psychoactive substances. A positive analytical result for a sample taken could usually result in criminal proceedings and a punitive outcome for the defendant whose sample was analysed. The detection of markers of illicit opiate misuse is important both in the management of substance misuse and in the postmortem identification of illicit opiate use. The aim of this study was to emphasise the role of opiate biomarkers available at the laboratory and in the clinical environment. Urine

Opioid misuse as a coping behavior for unmet mental health needs among U.S. adults.

BACKGROUND: Self-medication theory posits that opioids may be misused to cope with mental or emotional distress, especially if distress is not treated. Opioid misuse may lead to opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. We estimated the risk of opioid misuse associated with unmet mental health treatment needs (UMHN). METHODS: We used 2015-2018 data on U.S. adults from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (n = 165,767). UMHN was the perceived need for mental health services in the past year without service receipt. The primary dependent variable was past year prescription opioid misuse (

Primary Care Patients with Drug Use Report Chronic Pain and Self-Medicate with Alcohol and Other Drugs.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is common among patients with drug use disorders. The prevalence of chronic pain and its consequences in primary care patients who use drugs is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine: 1) the prevalence of chronic pain and pain-related dysfunction among primary care patients who screen positive for drug use, and 2) the prevalence of substance use to self-medicate chronic pain in this population. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS: This study included 589 adult patients who screened positive for any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse, recruit…

Abuse-deterrent opioids: an update on current approaches and considerations.

OBJECTIVE: Abuse and misuse of prescription opioids is a significant public health concern. This review examines the strategies used to confer abuse-deterrent properties on opioid abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs), the characteristics and supporting data for each of the available ADFs, and the role of opioid ADFs as part of a comprehensive opioid risk management plan. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed for articles published within the last 10 years using the search terms "abuse deterrent opioids". Articles were limited to clinical studies and reviews focusing on United States (US) Food

Prescription Stimulant Use, Misuse, and Use Disorder Among US Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years.

IMPORTANCE: Stimulants are increasingly prescribed for US adults. Whether such prescribing is associated with misuse and prescription stimulant use disorder (PSUD) is less understood. OBJECTIVES: To examine (1) sex- and age-specific trends in the number of persons dispensed stimulants and trends in dispensed prescription stimulants by prescriber specialty in 2019 through 2022; (2) prevalence of misuse and PSUD by use of prescription amphetamine-type stimulants (hereafter referred to as amphetamines) and methylphenidate; and (3) PSUD prevalence and sociodemographic and behavioral health correl