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Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Huzhang Erjin Decoction against ANIT-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Huzhang Erjin Decoction (HED) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Formula that possesses the efficiency … ecular docking studies revealed a high affinity and activity between the hub gene PPARG (PPARγ) and emodin in HED. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that HED significantly promoted the expression of PPARγ and decreased the expression levels of NLRP3 and its associated proteins. In vitro, suppression of PPARγ attenuated the effica …

Clinical efficacy and multi-target mechanisms of liver-dispersing, bile-inducing, and heat-clearing TCM formulas in cholelithiasis: network meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking study.

OBJECTIVE: Although liver-soothing, gallbladder-benefiting, and heat-clearing (SGLDQR) traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are widel … Network pharmacology identified active compounds such as quercetin, wogonin, paeoniflorin, and aloe-emodin, which acted on key targets including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, primarily enriched in inflammatory cascades and lipid-metabolism pathways. Molecular docking predicted favorable binding affinities between the key active compounds and core targets. CON …

Ethnopharmacological and scientific validation of Caryota mitis Lour fruit peel for osteoarthritis and gout management.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional medicine in Vietnam has long utilized Caryota mitis Lour fruit peel to relieve joint pain, back … ied 18 bioactive compounds, primarily flavonoids and anthraquinones, in the fruit peel. Among them, emodin and esculetin, isolated from the CMEA fraction, demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first pharmacological validation of Caryota mitis fruit peel in joint disease …

Heterobasidion Partitivirus 13 Mediates Severe Growth Debilitation and Major Alterations in the Gene Expression of a Fungal Forest Pathogen.

The fungal genus Heterobasidion includes some of the most devastating conifer pathogens in the boreal forest region. In this study, we showed that the alphapartitivirus Heterobasidion partitivirus 13 from Heterobasidion annosum (HetPV13-an1) is the main causal agent of severe phenotypic debilitation in the host fungus. Based on RNA sequencing using isogenic virus-infected and cured fungal strains, HetPV13-an1 affected the transcription of 683 genes, of which 60% were downregulated and 40% upregulated. Alterations observed in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism suggest that the virus causes

Physcion-8-O-β-D-monoglucoside protects hepatocytes from TNF-α-mediated apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Physcion-8-O-β-D-monoglucoside (PMG) is one of the active ingredients of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, which has been used for treating liver diseases for hundreds of years in China. However, the hepatoprotective effects of PMG remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the protection effects of PMG on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced hepatotoxicity. We developed both in vitro and in vivo models of liver injury to assess the protective effects of PMG against TNF-α-induced hepatotoxicity. The in vitro model employed TNF-α/actinomycin D in AML-12 cells, while the

Physcion alleviates Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting fungal growth and NF-κB-mediated inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Physcion, a natural anthraquinone, possesses antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate its antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) keratitis (AFK). METHODS: The safety of physcion was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, live/dead cell staining and the Draize test. Antifungal activity was assessed by propidium iodide staining, calcofluor white staining, crystal violet biofilm assays and determination of the MIC. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to predict potential therapeutic targ

In silico Screening of Plant Compounds to Inhibit MexB Efflux Protein for the Enhancement of Meropenem Resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR Infections.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections such as Pneumonia, Bloodstream, Urinary tract, and … otic (Meropenem). RESULTS: Among plant compounds, α-Bisabolol, myricetin, capsaicin, equenin, aloe-emodin, terpinene, fisetin, taxifolin, catechin, and galangin showed G-Scorehigher than -7 kcal/mol, and interact with active amino acids Mex B efflux protein which may affect the efflux transport of drug and enhance the antibiotic activity against MDR inf …

In vitro dual activity of Aloe marlothii roots and its chemical constituents against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual stage parasites.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aloe marlothii A.Berger (Xanthorrhoeaceae) is indigenous to southern African countries where its aqueous pre … ied as aloesaponol I (1), aloesaponarin I (2), aloesaponol IV (3), β-sorigenin-1-O-methylether (4), emodin (5), and chrysophanol (6). Aloesaponarin I (2) was the most bioactive, compared to other isolated constituents, against P. falciparum ABS parasites exhibiting equipotency against the drug-sensitive (NF54) (IC50 = 1.54 μg/mL (5 μM)) and multidrug-res …

Plants as a Source of Anticancer Agents: From Bench to Bedside.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Conventional anticancer therapies are associated with lack of selectivity and serious side effects. Cancer hallmarks are biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during neoplastic transformation. Targeting multiple cancer hallmarks is a promising strategy to treat cancer. The diversity in chemical structure and the relatively low toxicity make plant-derived natural products a promising source for the development of new and more effective anticancer therapies that have the capacity to target multiple hallmarks in

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… Emodin inhibits non-small lung cancer cells via modulation of the cell cycle by decreasing cells in the G2/M and S phases and increasing cells in the G1/G0 phase [ 257 ]. Moreover, emodin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing G2/M and S phase arrest [ 258 ]. … Emodin Only one study on the effect of emodin on breast cancer was found on the https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (accessed on 15 July 2022) website when searching for clinical studies on the anticancer activity of emodin (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01287468 ). 6.8. …

Biased TAS2R Bronchodilators Inhibit Airway Smooth Muscle Growth by Downregulating Phosphorylated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2.

Bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists dilate airways by receptor-dependent smooth muscle relaxation. Besides their coupling to relaxation, we have found that human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell TAS2Rs activate (phosphorylate) extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but the cellular effects are not known. In the present study, we show in HASM cells that TAS2R agonists initially stimulate phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) but by 24 hours cause a marked (50-70%) downregulation of pERK1/2 without a change in total ERK1/2. It was hypothesized that TAS2R agonists suppress cell growth thr

Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basi

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… Solid-phase extraction method might be employed to isolate emodin from red pigment mixture produced by the A. ochraceus [ 123 ]. … Emodin may sensitize tumor cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy and inhibit the pathways that lead to treatment resistance. …

Clinical antitumor application and pharmacological mechanisms of Dahuang Zhechong Pill.

Cancer still has elevated morbidity and mortality, which undoubtedly impacts the life quality of affected individuals. Remarkable advances have been made in cancer therapy, although the toxicities of traditional therapies remain an obvious challenge. Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP), developed by Zhongjing Zhang in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, represents an effective anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, it was found that DHZCP is therapeutically utilized in liver, lung, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers in clinic. Pharmacological evidence showed that its anti-

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… , rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, baicalin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, paeoniflorin, amygdalin, catalpol, and rehmannioside D. … In addition, Fu et al. (2021) showed that quality control markers included rhein, emodin, aloe emodin, and allantoin in the principal drug rhubarb, allantoin in Eupolyphaga Steleophaga , hypoxanthine, p -methoxyphenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid, naringenin in the minister medicines Hirudo , T. bivittatus …

Modulating the JAK/STAT pathway with natural products: potential and challenges in cancer therapy.

The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is a critical signaling network governing cellular functions such as immune responses, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is strongly implicated in cancer progression. This review explores the therapeutic potential of natural products, including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Apigenin, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), as modulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. These phytochemicals exhibit anticancer activity by inhibiting JAK/STAT phosphorylation, blocking STAT dimerization, and interfering wi

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… He et al. reported emodin as an effective human 26S proteasome inhibitor. Emodin improved intracellular protein ubiquitination and inhibited the human 26S proteasome's caspase and chymotrypsin-like activities. … Emodin in combination with afatinib reduced the pancreatic cell clones and further validation by MTT assay confirms that emodin significantly reduced the pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. …

The Role of Radiosensitizing Drugs in Osteosarcoma Treatment: Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.

Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor that is resistant to radiotherapy and is associated with poor treatment outcomes and prognoses. Understanding the mechanisms of radioresistance and finding strategies to enhance the radiosensitivity is crucial for improving clinical efficacy. The aim of this review was to address the approaches for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in osteosarcoma, thereby improving patient outcomes. Specifically, we have focused on the mechanisms of radiosensitization and the relationship between drugs that enhance radiosensitivity and cancer. These mechanism

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… Figure 1 Mechanism of decitabine, BI2536, PD0166285, KU60648, PU-H71, emodin, quercetin and DTCM-g in radiosensitization of osteosarcoma. … Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, has shown potential in radiotherapy by attenuating radioresistance in human osteosarcoma cells. …

Mechanism and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in sepsis.

Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction, due to the presence of harmful microorganisms in blood which could cause mortality. Complications associated with sepsis involve multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains intricate, with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has consistently demonstrated to have a potential on various disease management. Its complements include reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating immune responses, and improving microcirculation. Tra

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… . | CLP-induced male SD rats | 20 mg/kg | ↓: PT, APTT, TFPI ↑: IL1-β, TNF-α, TF | NA | NA | Li and Jin (2016) Emodin | Rheum palmatum L. | Male Tuck-Ordinary mice with cerebrovascular thrombosis model | 4 mg/kg | ↓: TNF-α, IL-1β ↑: SOD, PT, aPTT | Heart | NA | Nemmar et al. (2015) Emodin-6- O -b-D-glucoside … The therapeutic effects of emodin on cardiovascular responses induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) were investigated in a mouse model ( Nemmar et al., 2015 ). They discovered that emodin significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors such as leukocytes, TNF-α, and IL-1. …

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

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… Studies carried out as early as 2005 have demonstrated that emodin instigates apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through the ROS-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway. 55 Subsequent research has substantiated emodin’s role as a catalyst for iron death in colorectal cancer cells, accomplished … This hydrogel has shown notable enhancement in therapeutic efficacy against gastric cancer when encapsulating gambogic acid nanoparticles and the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD. 145 Emodin-Loaded Nanoformulations A method for emodin-conjugated PEGylation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles has been developed …

Роль NLRP3 инфламасома в множестве склероза: патогенез и фармакологическое применение.

Множественный склероз (MS) широко признается в качестве хронического провокационного аутоиммунного расстройства, характеризующегося демиэлизацией центральной нервной системы (КНС) и нейродегенерацией. Гиперактивация иммунной и подстрекательской реакции признается в качестве ключевого фактора, способствующего патогенезу и прогрессированию MS. Среди различных иммунных и подстрекательских реакций исследователи все больше концентрируют внимание на воспалении — комплексе белков. Запуск и активация воспламенения неразрывно связаны с началом НР. В частности, NLRP3 воспаляет, наиболее широко изучавший

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… inflammasome inhibitors Potential pharmacological mechanisms Reference Type Name Natural compounds Sinomenine Alleviating microglial and astrocytic mobilization, demyelination, and axonal damage ( 76 ) Mushroom natural products Suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oligomerization ( 77 ) Emodin … Cui et al. ( 78 ) demonstrated that emodin, a compound extracted from herbs such as rhubarb, could improve symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, potentially by regulating the silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator …

Advances in Synergistic Combinations of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer.

The complex pathology of cancer development requires correspondingly complex treatments. The traditional application of individual single-target drugs fails to sufficiently treat cancer with durable therapeutic effects and tolerable adverse events. Therefore, synergistic combinations of drugs represent a promising way to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) have long been used as such synergistic combinations. Therefore, we summarized the synergistic combinations of CHMs used in the treatment of cancer and their roles in chemotherapy in terms

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… In addition, the combination of curcumin and emodin was reported to decrease the proliferative and migratory ability of breast cancer cells [ 35 ]. Different combinations of CHM compounds with curcumin have achieved similar and different biological effects in cancers, as detailed in Table 2 . … Curcumin and emodin down-regulate TGF-beta signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e120045. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120045. 57. Wang P., Wang B., Chung S., Wu Y., Henning S.M., Vadgama J.V. …

Role of phytoconstituents in the management of COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID-19, a severe global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as one of the most threatening transmissible disease. As a great threat to global public health, the development of treatment options has become vital, and a rush to find a cure has mobilized researchers globally from all areas.Scope and approachThis review focuses on deciphering the potential of different secondary metabolites from medicinal plants as therapeutic options either as inhibitors of therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2 or as blockers of viral particles entry

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… Derivatives such as emodin, aloin A and B, rubiadin, aloe-emodin, pseudohypericin, damnacanthal, and chryosphanic etc., were found as inhibitors of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 using docking studies. … Emodin extracted from Rheum officinale and Polygonum multiflorum was also able to block the S-protein binding with ACE-2 receptor in SARS coronavirus [ 102 ]. …

Transplant oncology and anti-cancer immunosuppressants.

Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that enhances the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent allogeneic graft rejection, which inadvertently elevates the risk of post-transplant malignancies, especially for liver transplant recipients with a prior history of liver cancer. In response, the emerging field of transplant oncology integrates principles from oncology and immunology to improve outcomes for patients at high risk of tumor occurrence or recurrence following transplantation. Therefore,

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… Additionally, other herbal extracts such as Luteolin ( 133 , 134 ), Shikonin ( 135 , 136 ) and Emodin ( 137 , 138 ) have been reported to exhibit both anti-tumor and immunosuppressive effects. … Molecular mechanism of emodin action: transition from laxative ingredient to an antitumor agent. Med Res Rev. (2007) 27:591–608. doi: 10.1002/med.20095 138. Qiu F, Liu H, Liang CL, Nie GD, Dai Z. …