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[The specific features of the detection, clinical manifestations, and treatment of tuberculosis in the HIV-infected].

The present study has explored the specific features of the detection, clinical manifestations, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in 425 patients with TB and HIV infection. According to the time of joining the infections, the patients with TB and HIV infection are divided into 2 basic groups: 1) HIV infection is primary, TB develops at any stage of HIV infection and 2) TB is primary, HIV injections joins different forms of TB at its any stage. The social makeup of patients with TB/HIV infection is unfavorable: the unemployed, 50%; homeless persons, 26.5%; employees, 5%; workers, 9%; pensioner

Morphological Characteristics and Calcification of the Native Aortic Valve and the Relation to Significant Aortic Regurgitation after CoreValve TAVI.

We read with interest Bonde et al's (1) recent review. We agree with their premise: strengthening causal inference is an important objective for occupational epidemiology. However, we believe the conclusion that "at most, any true effect [of job strain on ischemic heart disease (IHD)] appears to be small" is not supported by a valid appraisal of the available evidence. The pooled relative risk estimate (RRE) of 1.14 is most likely underestimated, as common limitations in the available literature tend to bias results toward the null. The authors acknowledge underestimation sources: nondifferent

A structured summary of a study protocol for a multi-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of COVID-19 prevention with Kampo medicines (Integrative Management in Japan for Epidemic Disease by prophylactic study: IMJEDI P1 study).

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test our hypothesis that traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, hochuekkito (Hochu-ekki-to: HET) has a preventive effect for the symptoms on COVID-19. TRIAL DESIGN: The study is designed as a multi-center, interventional, parallel-group, randomized (1:1 ratio), investigator sponsored, two-arm study. PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand participants will be recruited from healthy hospital workers in 7 Japanese University Hospitals. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Age from 20 to 75 years old at the time of registration 2. Asymptomatic and body temperature below 37°C at the time of registr

Periconceptional exposure to lopinavir, but not darunavir, impairs decidualization: a potential mechanism leading to poor birth outcomes in HIV-positive pregnancies.

STUDY QUESTION: Does HIV protease inhibitor (PI)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiated at periconception affect key events in early pregnancy, i.e. decidualization and spiral artery remodeling? SUMMARY ANSWER: Two PIs, lopinavir and darunavir, currently offered as cART options in HIV-positive pregnancies were evaluated, and we found that lopinavir-based cART, but not darunavir-based cART, impaired uterine decidualization and spiral artery remodeling in both human ex vivo and mouse in vivo experimental models. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Early initiation of cART is recommended

Exploring environmental and distributional impacts of different transition pathways for healthier and sustainable diets: an economic modelling study.

BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet (EL) report made a convincing case that a transformative diet shift could yield substantial health benefits while helping to respect key planetary boundaries. Shifting to a more plant-based EL diet requires an unprecedented break from historic trends of rising meat consumption. By exogenously shifting diets, existing studies do not provide guidance on how to shift diets. In this study, we model specific policies that might achieve such a dietary shift and their potential economic, environmental, and distributional impacts. METHODS: In this economic modelling study,

Preoperative Pain Sensitization Is Associated With Postoperative Pillar Pain After Open Carpal Tunnel Release.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pillar pain (deep-seated wrist pain worsened by leaning on the heel of the hand) sometimes occurs after carpal tunnel release (CTR), leading to weakness in the hand and delayed return to work. Increased pain sensitivity has been found to be associated with worse symptoms and poorer treatment response in a number of chronic musculoskeletal conditions, but few studies have investigated the association of pain sensitization with pillar pain after CTR. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Is preoperative pain sensitization in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) associated with

Reducing geographic, racial, and ethnic disparities in childhood immunization rates by using reminder/recall interventions in urban primary care practices.

CONTEXT: An overarching national health goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate disparities in leading health care indicators including immunizations. Disparities in US childhood immunization rates persist, with inner-city, black, and Hispanic children having lower rates. Although practice or clinic-based interventions, such as patient reminder/recall systems, have been found to improve immunization rates in specific settings, there is little evidence that those site-based interventions can reduce disparities in immunization rates at the community level. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of

Toward the realization of a better aged society: messages from gerontology and geriatrics.

UNLABELLED: 1. BACKGROUND: Recent medical advancements, and improvements in hygiene and food supply have led to Japan having the longest life expectancy in the world. Over the past 50 years, the percentage of the elderly population has increased fourfold from 5.7% in 1960 to 23.1% in 2010. This change has occurred at the fastest rate in the world. Compared with France, where the percentage of the elderly population has increased just twofold in the past 100 years, Japanese society is aging at an unprecedented rate. In addition, the percentage of the very elderly (aged 75 years and over), comp

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

UNLABELLED: The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration that independently monitors the health consequences of a changing climate. Publishing updated, new, and improved indicators each year, the Lancet Countdown represents the consensus of leading researchers from 43 academic institutions and UN agencies. The 44 indicators of this report expose an unabated rise in the health impacts of climate change and the current health consequences of the delayed and inconsistent response of countries around the globe—providing a clear imperative for accelerated action that puts the health of pe

Tatami Mats: A Source of Pitted Keratolysis in a Martial Arts Athlete?

Dear Editor, Pitted keratolysis (PK), also known as keratosis plantaris sulcatum, is a non-inflammatory, bacterial, superficial cutaneous infection, characterized by many discrete superficial crateriform ''pits'' and erosions in the thickly keratinized skin of the weight-bearing regions of the soles of the feet (1). The disease often goes unnoticed by the patient, but when it is noticed it is because of the unbearable malodor and hyperhidrosis of the feet, which are socially unacceptable and cause great anxiety to many of the patients. PK occurs worldwide, with the incidence rates varying base

Prospective study of urinary tract infections and urinary antibodies after radical prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy.

The authors have prospectively documented that men who undergo orthotopic bladder substitution more frequently experience bacteriuria than do normal men [19] or men with carcinoma of the prostate scheduled to have radical prostatectomy (see Table 1). Because the frequency of bacteriuria in men after prostatectomy was also lower than that after orthotopic bladder substitution (see Table 1), removal of the prostate and any of its presumed antibacterial properties probably does not account for this difference. Furthermore, the authors' data (see Table 5 ) and that of Woodside and associates [23]

[The information of the schizophrenic patient: actuality].

Social isolation has got to be one of the greatest losses in schizophrenia. For many authors, people with schizophrenia can have no friends, no spouse, and sometimes no family. Two thirds of patients with schizophrenia return to their parents' house after discharge from a hospital for the first psychosi episode. Family members generally receive very little education as to what they can expect. They may not know the importance of medication compliance. Family members are the primary victims of violence from psychotic individuals, usually their own son or daughter, and most families cannot belie

Development of a Patient-Centered Preference Tool for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundThe approval of novel therapies for patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies have improved survival outcomes but increased the challenge of aligning chemotherapy choices with patient preferences. We previously developed paper versions of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and a best-worst scaling (BWS) instrument to quantify the treatment outcome preferences of patients with hematologic malignancies to inform shared decision making.ObjectiveWe aim to develop an electronic health care tool (EHT) to guide clinical decision making that uses either a BWS or DCE instrument to capt

European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - occupational exposures and cancer.

Occupational exposure to cancer-causing agents is a major, yet preventable, contributor to cancer in Europe and globally. In the European Union (EU), cancer is responsible for nearly half of all work-related deaths, underscoring the critical need for prevention measures. Effective strategies typically involve regulatory and workplace measures aimed at reducing or eliminating exposure risks. Raising awareness of hazardous workplace exposures is essential to empower individuals, foster a culture of prevention, and support effective regulation. The 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer

Метод пилатеса как биопсихосоциальное вмешательство на современном рабочем месте: систематический обзор физических, психических и профессиональных пособий.

Справочная информация/задачи: На здоровье и производительности рабочей силы существенно сказываются связанные с работой расстройства мускулоскелета (ВМСД) и профессиональный стресс. Цель этого систематического обзора заключалась в обобщении данных об эффективности метода пилатеса как биопсихосоциального вмешательства для работников, а также в изучении его воздействия на физические, психологические и профессиональные результаты. Методы: Был проведен систематический поиск по основным электронным базам данных и поисковым системам (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro и Google Scientific) после P

Update on Occupational Cancer for Better Cancer Prevention and Control.

Occupational cancer remains an ongoing and emerging issue in cancer prevention and control and is more easily preventable in practice than other causes. As of 2024, changes in various aspects, such as methods for estimating the burden of cancer, evidence on novel carcinogens and classification systems, modernization of working conditions, job characteristics, occupational exposure, and societal changes have played a significant role. Furthermore, advances in technology, including wearable devices, exposome, and biomedical technology, offer more precise methods for identifying the associations

SUBJECT INDEX Volume 125 (JANUARY–JUNE, 2004)

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[Tuberculosis in compromised hosts].

Recent development of tuberculosis in Japan tends to converge on a specific high risk group. The proportion of tuberculosis developing particularly from the compromised hosts in the high risk group is especially high. At this symposium, therefore, we took up diabetes mellitus, gastrectomy, dialysis, AIDS and the elderly for discussion. Many new findings and useful reports for practical medical treatment are submitted; why these compromised hosts are predisposed to tuberculosis, tuberculosis diagnostic and remedial notes of those compromised hosts etc. It is an important question for the future

Association of p-phenylenediamine exposure with alterations of pulmonary function, pruritus and health-related quality of life in hair dye factory workers: a cross-sectional study.

P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common component of hair dye, which can cause skin contact allergy and asthma with impaired pulmonary function. However, the adverse effects of occupational exposure to different dose PPD was rarely mentioned. We recruited 124 workers from a hair dye factory to explore the association of occupational PPD exposure on pulmonary function, pruritus and health related quality of life (HRQL). We categorized exposure to PPD into 3 levels: lower exposure group (< 0.00001 mg/m3); middle exposure group (0.00001-0.00033 mg/m3); higher exposure group (0.00033-0.047 mg/m3). Th

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… It might be explained by the healthy worker effect phenomenon that older workers usually have better health conditions than the general population 40 , 41 . People exposed in higher PPD levels have lower score in the dimensions of vitality and mental health. … A review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiology. Occup. Med. 1999;49:225–229. doi: 10.1093/occmed/49.4.225. 41. Chowdhury R, Shah D, Payal AR. Healthy worker effect phenomenon: Revisited with emphasis on statistical methods—A review. Indian J. Occup. Environ. …

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi.

Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere and surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including the human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic fungal diseases and fungal infections. Worldwide fungal disease incidence is increasing, with new emerging fungal diseases appearing yearly. Reasons for this increase are the expansion of life expectancy, the number of immunocompromised patien