Результаты поиска

Diagnostic Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the use of novel and emerging neuroimaging biomarkers to facilitate the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinical practice. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: MRI measures have played an increasingly important role in the evolution of the MS diagnostic criteria. Revisions of these criteria in 2017 and 2024 included novel MRI biomarkers, including cortical lesions, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions. ESSENTIAL POINTS: Although not required to diagnose MS, the central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesions, and cortical lesions are novel imaging diagnos…

New insights in multiple sclerosis pathology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Current concepts suggest that relapse associated worsening as well as progression independent of relapse activity contributes to the long-term disability outcome of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we summarize recent studies aiming at the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving disease progression with a strong focus on studies analyzing human tissue samples. RECENT FINDINGS: Tissue resident memory cells and microglia emerge as important drivers of persisting inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) and disease progre…

Smoking accelerates immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, neuroaxonal injury, and progressive neurologic disability. Although its etiology is multifactorial, cigarette smoking is among the most consistent modifiable environmental exposures associated with increased MS risk and worse clinical outcomes. Smoking has been linked to greater inflammatory activity, accelerated disability accumulation, and earlier progression, suggesting effects across multiple stages of disease biology. In this review, we examine the hypothesis that smok…

[Update guide on pediatric multiple sclerosis].

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Approximately 10% of cases present before 18 years of age, constituting paediatric-onset MS (POMS). Compared with adults, children with MS exhibit higher relapse rates and shorter intervals between the first event and subsequent relapses, yet generally demonstrate better recovery. The latest revision of the diagnostic criteria (2024) incorporates: the optic nerve as an additional location; specific MRI radiologically isolated syndrome; and CSF kappa free light chain as an adjunctive biom…

[Multiple Sclerosis in primary care pratices].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Approximately one million people are affected worldwide; in Germany the prevalence is approximately 250,000. The disease typically manifests in young adulthood between the ages of 20 and 40, with women affected approximately three times more often. Due to its sociomedical significance, knowledge of the disease and current treatment options is essential for general practitioners, even though the disease is likely to be relatively rare in primary care practices.

Дисартрийская оценка у многих пациентов склероза.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Характеристики речи в множестве склерозов (МС) плохо описаны. Такое программное обеспечение, как Dysarthria Analyzer (DA), проводит подробный анализ речи. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель исследования заключается в 1) изучении речевых особенностей пациентов с MS и 2) изучении корреляции между речевыми характеристиками и демографическими характеристиками клиники. МЕТОДЫ: Пациенты прошли клиническую оценку (расширенная шкала инвалидности (EDSS) и короткую международную когнитивную оценку множественного склероза (BICAMS)) и речевую оценку с использованием DA. Каждый пациент выполнял 6 голосовых

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Speech patterns in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly characterized. Software such as Dysarthria Analyzer (DA) performs a detailed speech analysis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is (1) to explore speech features in patients with MS and (2) to investigate correlations between speech features and clinic-demographic characteristics. METHOD…

Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis.

The human body is endowed with an immune system that protects the body from infections, microbes, diseases, and external or foreign elements … e most important and common neuro-ophthalmic autoimmune conditions include, but are not limited to, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), myasthenia gravis (MG), thyroid eye disease (TED), and giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Virtual reality for multiple sclerosis rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease in young adults. Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising rehabilitation tool by providing controllable, personalised environments for safe, adaptable and engaging training. Virtual reality can be tailored to patients' motor and cognitive skills, enhancing motivation through exciting scenarios and feedback. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To assess the effects of virtual reality interventions compared with an alternative or no intervention on lower limb and gait function, and balance and postural control in people with M…

Терапевтические достижения в педиатрии с множественным склерозом.

Педиатрический множественный склероз (POMS) является хроническим и иммунным расстройством, которое влияет на центральную нервную систему детей и подростков. Примерно 3-10% пациентов, страдающих синдромом MS, имеют место до достижения 18-летнего возраста. Подавляющее большинство случаев заболевания педиатрическим синдромом MS характеризуется повторной эрозией с высоким уровнем заболеваемости. Пациенты педиатрии, страдающие синдромом MS, традиционно проходили лечение без маркировки с различной степенью успеха. С одобрением многих новых методов лечения для взрослых МР быстро начали появляться аль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that affects the central nervous system in children and adolescents. Approximately 3-10% of MS patients have an onset that occurs before the age of 18. The vast majority of pediatric MS cases are characterized by a relapsing-remitting course with a high burden of disease activit…

Последние изменения в многократной склерозовой нейропатологии.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Нетрофологические исследования тканей головного мозга человека необходимы для понимания нами механизмов заболеваний при множественном склерозе (МС). Они служат основой для концепций эволюции повреждений, регенерации тканей и развития болезней и в идеале позволяют выявить новые механизмы борьбы с заболеваниями и терапевтические цели. Здесь мы рассматриваем недавние нейропатологические исследования, которые помогли нам лучше узнать о патогенезе MS.ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Недавние когортные исследования подтверждают идею о том, что различные клинические фенотипы MS имеют общие патоло

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neuropathological studies in human brain tissue are indispensable for our understanding of disease mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS). They inform concepts of lesion evolution, tissue regeneration and disease progression, and ideally reveal new disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Here we review recent neuropathological studies t…

Повторный прогресс в множестве склерозов.

ЦЕЛЬ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ: Цель настоящей статьи состоит в том, чтобы дать обзор прогресса в области множественного склероза (МС), включая определения, патологические механизмы и доказательства того, что прогрессивная биология начинается в начале курса болезни. ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ФИННДИНЫ: Определения клинического курса MS были уточнены, чтобы признать наличие как рецидива, так и прогрессирующей биологии во всем заболевании. Прогресс, не зависящий от рецидивной активности, представляет собой значительную долю инвалидности, которая ухудшается в связи с рецидивирующим заболеванием MS (RRMS). Прогресс в MS, как п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), including definitions, pathological mechanisms, and evidence that progressive biology begins early in the disease course. RECENT FINDINGS: Definitions of MS clinical course have been refined to acknowledge the presence of both relapse and prog…

[B-cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis].

B-cell therapy using anti-CD20 antibodies significantly suppresses relapse and is therefore an important treatment option for multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the production of inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antigen-presenting capacity, B cells trigger MS relapses via activation of pathogenic T cells. Suppression of these abnormal actions of B cells is the primary mechanism underlying relapse prevention using B-cell therapies. Treatments that target B cells are also expected to suppress chronic progression of MS through modulation of B-cell activity within the central nervous system. B-c…

Headache in Multiple Sclerosis - Pharmacological Aspects.

For decades, the headache was not considered a typical symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and was construed as a "red flag" for important differential diagnoses such as cerebral vasculitis. Meanwhile, several studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of headaches in MS compared to the general population. This is due to the heterogeneity of headache genesis with frequent occurrence of both primary and secondary headaches in MS. On the one hand, MS and migraine are often comorbid. On the other hand, secondary headaches frequently occur, especially in the course of MS relapses. These are …

Multiple Sclerosis: A Primary Care Perspective.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system and the most common cause of nontraumatic neurologic disability in young adults. Types of MS include relapsing-remitting (most common), secondary progressive, and primary progressive. Clinically isolated syndrome and radiologically isolated syndrome are additional categories for patients with findings concerning for MS who do not yet meet the diagnostic criteria for the disease. Symptoms of MS depend on the areas of neuronal involvement. Common symptoms include sensory disturbances, motor weakness, impaired gait,…