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Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in Vojvodina before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into the National Immunization Program.

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis. Mandatory childhood immuniz … alyzed distribution of circulating serotypes and coverage of conjugate and 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in different age groups. RESULTS: Among 105 isolates, a total of 21 different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined. The most frequent serotypes were 3 (21.9%), 19F (20.0%), and 14 (10.5%). The serotype coverage of pneumococcal conj …

Nasopharyngeal colonization of Gambian infants by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly colonize the upper respiratory tract and can cause invasive disease. Several studies suggest an inverse relationship between these two bacteria in the nasopharynx. This association is of particular concern as the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that affect pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage become widespread. A cohort of children in rural Gambia were recruited at birth and followed for 1 year, before the introduction of PCV into the routine immunization program. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken immediately afte

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: proceedings from an interactive symposium at the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Globally, Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive and noninvasive disease in infants and young children. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has increased interest in prevention through immunization. Currently, the only available conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is a seven-valent formulation, PNCRM7. This paper presents excerpts from a symposium that provided an update of ongoing surveillance data and clinical trials evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The topics addressed included: (1) PNCRM7 postmarketing safety data; (2) the impact of PNCRM7 in premature infa

Uptake of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among older adults attending primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

CONTEXT: Influenza and pneumococcal infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults, particularly those with chronic comorbidities. Despite proven benefits, vaccination coverage remains low. AIMS: To assess utilization of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines and identify predictors of uptake among adults aged ≥65 years. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Longitudinal retrospective study using electronic health records of patients aged ≥65 years attending Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA) primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2020-2023). METHODS AND MATER…

Bacterial Acute Otitis Media Complicated with Otorrhea in a Children's Hospital in the Era of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common disease among children and can be complicated by otorrhea (AOMO). In 2010, the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) replaced the 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) in Greece. We aimed to describe the microbiological profile of bacterial ΑOMO among children younger than 16 years across the two PCV periods in a tertiary children's hospital. Middle ear fluid cultures from 2418 children with AOMO were collected from 2007 to 2022. Otopathogens were isolated and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Data were compared between the PCV7- (2007-2011) and PCV13-p

Inflammatory Knee Reaction Mimicking Septic Arthritis Following Closely Spaced Pneumococcal Vaccines in a Pediatric Patient Undergoing Immunodeficiency Evaluation.

Vaccines in the pediatric population are crucial in preventing infectious diseases, but rare inflammatory responses can arise, particularly in patients with suspected immunodeficiency. This case highlights a unique inflammatory reaction mimicking septic arthritis following closely spaced pneumococcal vaccines (PPSV23) in a child undergoing immunodeficiency work-up. A previously healthy five-year-old Caucasian female with a history of recurrent bacterial infections presented with a two-day history of left knee swelling and pain after receiving two pneumococcal vaccines within a five-week interv…

Invasive pneumococcal surveillance to assess the potential benefits of extended spectrum conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) in older adults.

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) into the childhood vaccination programme has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although anticipated from data elsewhere, surveillance in Ireland has confirmed reductions in IPD amongst those ⩾65 years of age due to a decline of PCV serotypes in this age group. Currently, direct protection against IPD in the elderly is focused on immunisation with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). However, immunity may not be as effective as with PCV and, furthermore, PPV23 uptake is poor in Ireland. Hence, considerati

[Effect of the Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccines on Burden of all Cause Pneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia and Empyema in Children].

The aim of this single-center retrospective study was to determine the changes in the burden of allcause pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and empyema in children aged 0-18 years after the availability of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in our country. Children aged 0-18 years who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of pneumonia and treated in Ankara between January 1, 2006 and December 30, 2019 were included in the study. The burden of disease according to the years was calculated as follows: after determining the number of p

Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Community-acquired Alveolar Pneumonia Attributable to Vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Children.

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia among children. However, owing to diagnostic limitations, the protection conferred by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against pediatric pneumonia attributable to vaccine-serotype pneumococci remains unknown. METHODS: We analyzed data on vaccination and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal detection among children <5 years old with community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP; "cases") and those without respiratory symptoms ("controls"), who were enrolled in population-based prospective surveillance studies in southern Israel

Decreased diarrheal and respiratory disease in HIV exposed uninfected children following vaccination with rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus vaccine (RV) and pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) decrease diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence and severity, but there are few data about the effects of these vaccines among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children. METHODS: We recorded RV and PCV vaccination history in a placebo-controlled trial that studied the need for cotrimoxazole among HEU infants in Botswana (the Mpepu Study). We categorized infants by enrollment before or after the simultaneous April 2012 introduction of RV and PCV, and compared diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia (grade 3/4), hospitalizations, an

Population snapshot of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in South Africa prior to introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

We determined the sequence types of isolates that caused invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) prior to routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in South Africa. PCV-13 serotypes and 6C isolates collected in 2007 (1 461/2 437, 60%) from patients of all ages as part of on-going, national, laboratory-based surveillance for IPD, were selected for genetic characterization. In addition, all 134 non-PCV isolates from children <2 years were selected for characterization. Sequence type diversity by serotype and age category (children <5 years vs. individuals ≥5 years) was assessed for PCV se

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines in alaska native adults 55-70 years of age.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination with conjugate vaccines stimulates T cell-dependent immunity, whereas vaccination with polysaccharide vaccines does not. Thus, vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) may offer better protection against invasive pneumococcal disease for older adults than does vaccination with PPV23 alone, which is what is currently recommended. METHODS: Alaska Native adults 55-70 years of age with no previous pneumococcal vaccination were randomized to receive (1) PPV23, (2) PCV7 followed

Serotypes of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazilian children in the era of pneumococcal vaccines.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a key factor in the development of invasive disease and the spread of resistant strains within the community. A single nasopharyngeal swab was obtained from 648 unvaccinated children aged <5 years, either healthy or with acute respiratory tract infection or meningitis, during the winters of 2000 and 2001. The overall pneumococcal carriage rate was 35.8% (95% CI 32.1-39.6). The pneumococcal serotypes found most frequently in the nasopharynx were 14, 6B, 6A, 19F, 10A, 23F and 18C, which included five of the seven serotypes in the currently l

Use of 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among U.S. Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022.

In 2021, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (PCV20) (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.) and 15-valent PCV (PCV15) (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.) were licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for adults aged ≥18 years, based on studies that compared antibody responses to PCV20 and PCV15 with those to 13-valent PCV (PCV13) (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.). Antibody responses to two additional serotypes included in PCV15 were compared to corresponding responses after PCV13 vaccination, and antibody responses to seven additional serotypes i

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… The recommended pneumococcal vaccine doses and intervals between doses differ by age and underlying conditions, making adult pneumococcal vaccine recommendations complicated. … However, slightly lower pneumococcal serotype-specific OPA GMTs or geometric mean concentrations were reported when pneumococcal vaccines were coadministered with QIV compared with when pneumococcal vaccines were given alone ( 9 , 19 , 32 , 33 ). …

Effectiveness of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiologically confirmed pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease among young children in Mozambique.

BACKGROUND: Mozambique introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in 2013. We aimed to assess PCV10 effectiveness against radiologically confirmed pneumonia (RCP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among young children in southern Mozambique. METHODS: We conducted a case-control vaccine effectiveness (VE) study at 2 sites (Mavalane and Manhiça) from January 2014 to December 2016. Children age-eligible to have received PCV10 admitted with pneumonia underwent chest radiograph with standardized interpretation as per the World Health Organization and had nasopharyngeal s

Evolution of pneumococcal serotypes, vaccination uptake, and prognosis of invasive pneumococcal disease: A 9-year multicentre cohort study in Granada (Andalusia, Spain).

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyse the serotypes, vaccination and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed wi … accination was shown in 106 (58.6 %) patients. More than 30 % of serotypes were not included in the pneumococcal vaccines currently used in Spain. In-hospital mortality occurred in 27 (14.4 %) patients. Cox regression models showed older age (HR = 1.05, 95 %CI: 1.02-1.08), living in long-term care facilities (HR: 3.27, 95 %CI: 1.36-7.82), septic shock at admission (HR …