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Breaking through Multiple Myeloma: A Paradigm for a Comprehensive Tumor Ecosystem Targeting.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous condition characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells within the hematopoietic marrow, resulting in multiple osteolytic lesions. MM patients typically experience bone pain, kidney damage, fatigue due to anemia, and infections. Historically, MM was an incurable disease with a life expectancy of around three years after diagnosis. However, over the past two decades, the development of novel therapeutics has significantly improved patient outcomes, including response to treatment, remission duration, quality of life, and overall survival. These advancem

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… Until the early 1990s, the therapeutic background of MM envisaged the use of classic chemotherapeutic agents—such as melphalan and cyclophosphamide, the vinca alkaloids, such as vincristine, and anthracyclines, such as idarubicin, in combination with steroids at high doses—and the myeloma patient’s prognosis …

Epidemiology of infections in cancer patients.

Although major advances in the care of cancer patients over the past several decades have resulted in improved survival, infectious complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To successfully identify, treat, and prevent infections, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors that predispose to infection and of commonly encountered pathogens is necessary. In addition, clinicians must keep abreast of the changing epidemiology of infections in this population. As therapeutic modalities continue to evolve, as established pathogens become increasingly drug resistant, and

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… Other risk factors include history of high serum viral load, male sex, young age, HBeAg seropositivity, use of corticosteroids, use of certain chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, and vinca alkaloids, and use of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab and alemtuzumab. …

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Toxicity Related to Anti-Cancer Treatment in Clinical Practice: An Opinion Paper from the Working Group on Cardio-Oncology of the Korean Society of Echocardiography.

Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with anti-cancer treatment is commonly encountered and raises critical problems that often result in serious morbidity or mortality. Most cardiac toxicities are related to the cumulative dose of chemotherapy; however, the type of chemotherapy, concomitant agents, and/or conventional CV risk factors have been frequently implicated in CV toxicity. Approximately half of the patients exhibiting CV toxicity receive an anthracycline-based regimen. Therefore, serologic biomarkers or cardiac imagings are important during anti-cancer treatment for early detection

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… Type I responses are frequently associated with toxic effects on endothelial cells caused by cisplatin, bleomycin, or vinca alkaloids. …

Exploiting the Ref-1-APE1 node in cancer signaling and other diseases: from bench to clinic.

Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung an

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… These drugs include, but are not limited to platinum agents, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators and even new, targeted therapeutic agents. …

A Holistic Review of Oncological Drug Targets and Trajectories of Resistance in Cancer Therapy.

The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy. Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor, hormone receptors, and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects. Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C, Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2), Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), and epigenetic r

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… The resistance arises because MDR genes (MDR1 and MDR2) encode P-glycoprotein, which acts as an efflux transporter and pumps out several chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids, thereby reducing their effectiveness in cancer cells. …

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with cancer: exploring the role of physical exercise.

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of non-cancer mortality among patients with cancer, with cardiac autonomic dysfunction identified as a significant predictor of future cardiovascular conditions. Despite the importance of autonomic dysfunction as a prognostic marker being well-established in healthy individuals and other chronic conditions, its role in patients with cancer remains underexplored. This narrative review aims to synthesize existing literature on the role of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with cancer and explore the potential of physical exercise as a

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… Chemotherapy agents, such as platinum-based compounds, vinca alkaloids, and taxanes, are associated with dose-dependent neurotoxicity and, for this reason, might exert a negative effect on cardiovascular autonomic modulation, even though the evidence is currently limited to small studies reporting mixed …

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow. This review focuses on drug repositioning for ovarian cancer treatment, showcasing a comprehensive exploration grounded in thorough in vitro

Antibody drug conjugate: the "biological missile" for targeted cancer therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is typically composed of a monoclonal antibody (mAbs) covalently attached to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker. It combines both the advantages of highly specific targeting ability and highly potent killing effect to achieve accurate and efficient elimination of cancer cells, which has become one of the hotspots for the research and development of anticancer drugs. Since the first ADC, Mylotarg® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), was approved in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been 14 ADCs received market approval so far worldwide. Moreove

Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive review.

Combination chemotherapy is the current strategy of choice for treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Platinum containing combination regimens are superior to non-platinum regimens in limited stage-SCLC and possibly also in extensive stage-SCLC as first and second-line treatments. The addition of ifosfamide to platinum containing regimens may improve the outcome but at the price of increased toxicity. Suboptimal doses of chemotherapy result in inferior survival. Early intensified, accelerated and high-dose chemotherapy gave conflicting results and is not considered a standard option outsi

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… Vinorelbine Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid ( Table 12 ). …

Passive Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Therapies

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Tumor Biology Hides Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Narrative Review.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a malignancy of immense biological and clinical heterogeneity. Based on the transcriptomic or genomic approach, several different classification schemes have evolved over the years to subdivide DLBCL into clinically (prognostically) relevant subsets, but each leaves unclassified samples. Herein, we outline the DLBCL tumor biology behind the actual and potential drug targets and address the challenges and drawbacks coupled with their (potential) use. Therapeutic modalities are discussed, including small-molecule inhibitors, naked antibodies, antibody-dru

Plants as a Source of Anticancer Agents: From Bench to Bedside.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Conventional anticancer therapies are associated with lack of selectivity and serious side effects. Cancer hallmarks are biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during neoplastic transformation. Targeting multiple cancer hallmarks is a promising strategy to treat cancer. The diversity in chemical structure and the relatively low toxicity make plant-derived natural products a promising source for the development of new and more effective anticancer therapies that have the capacity to target multiple hallmarks in

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… Firstly, in the 1950s, Robert Noble and Charles Beer of Canada discovered vincristine and vinblastine vinca alkaloids, which were isolated from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) [ 32 ]. In addition, taxane-derived drugs are isolated from the Taxus genus. …

Cancer Immunotherapy in Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Therapy.

Since the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma in 2011, ICIs have been approved for a range of cancers and significantly improving treatment outcomes. However, the objective response rate of ICI monotherapy remains modest (10-40%), with clinical benefit observed in only 15-20% of patients. The limited efficacy of ICIs in many patients is often attributed to poorly immunogenic ("cold") tumors. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can enhance tumor immunogenicity. These effec

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… Studies have shown that microtubule‐destabilizing agents including vinca alkaloids can directly activate DCs, inducing the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐12 while upregulating CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules, thereby enhancing their ability to activate T cells [ 232 ]. …

Advanced Technologies for Large Scale Supply of Marine Drugs.

Marine organisms represent a source of unique chemical entities with valuable biomedical potentialities, broad diversity, and complexity. It is essential to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of marine natural products (MNPs) for their translation into commercial drugs and other valuable products. From a structural point of view and with few exceptions, MNPs of pharmaceutical importance derive from the so-called secondary metabolism of marine organisms. When production strategies rely on marine macroorganisms, harvesting or culturing coupled with extraction procedures frequently remain t

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… Captive Breeding To address these challenges, aquaculture of drug-producing marine invertebrates has been explored since the 1980s, drawing analogies from advances in monoculture-based production of plant-derived pharmaceuticals such as the anticancer vinca alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine, and Vinorelbine …

The Role of Plant-Derived Natural Products as a Regulator of the Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in the Management of Lung Cancer.

One of the most common malignant tumors worldwide is lung cancer, and it is associated with the highest death rate among all cancers. Traditional treatment options for lung cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgical resection. However, the survival rate is low, and the outlook is still dreadfully dire. The pursuit of a paradigm change in treatment approaches is, therefore, imperative. Tyrosine kinases (TKs), a subclass of protein kinases, regulate vital cellular function by phosphorylating tyrosine residues in proteins. Mutations, overexpression, and autocrine parac

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… The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed numerous medications derived from plants for use in cancer therapy, including taxanes like paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids like vinblastine. …

Резюме книги: Тема: 13th Международный симпозиум на тему " Ходжкин лимфома " ; октябрь 2024

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Advances in the delivery of anticancer drugs by nanoparticles and chitosan-based nanoparticles.

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally, and conventional treatments have limited efficacy with severe side effects. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to reduce the side effects of drugs by creating efficient and controlled anticancer drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug protection, biodistribution, selectivity and, pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review is devoted to various organic (lipid, polymeric) as well as inorganic nanoparticles based on different building units and providing a wide range of

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… Mitotic spindle inhibitors like taxanes (docetaxel (DTX)) and paclitaxel (PTX)) and vinca alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) alter spindle microtubule function/formation by suppressing nuclear division (arrest of mitosis in metaphase), resulting in cell death ( Nussbaumer et al., 2011 ). …

Deregulation of the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway in breast cancer: possibilities for therapeutic intervention.

The EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway plays prominent roles in malignant transformation, prevention of apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. The expression of this pathway is frequently altered in breast cancer due to mutations at or aberrant expression of: HER2, ERalpha, BRCA1, BRCA2, EGFR1, PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, RB as well as other oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In some breast cancer cases, mutations at certain components of this pathway (e.g., PIK3CA) are associated with a better prognosis than breast cancers lacking these mutations. The expression of this pathway and upstre

Haematological Diseases in the Tropics

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Brazilian Position Statement on the Use Of Multimodality Imaging in Cardio-Oncology - 2021.

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