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Psychological and Cognitive Factors Associated With Nonadherence to Post-Cardiac Transplant Treatment.

Study aimsTo examine the association of psychological and cognitive indicators with treatment nonadherence following heart transplantation.MethodsA cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted in a single heart transplant center. The study included 74 heart transplant patients (42 men, 56.8%), with a mean age of 54.1 (SD±12.7), assessed at least 6 months after transplantation. The instruments used were GAD-7 (anxiety symptoms), PHQ-9 (depression symptoms), MoCA-B (cognitive screening), the Inventory of perceived barriers related to self-care after heart transplantation, and BAASIS (adherenc

Sex-split analysis of pathology and motor-behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of CLN8-Batten disease reveals an increased disease burden and trajectory in female Cln8mnd mice.

BACKGROUND: CLN8-Batten disease (CLN8 disease) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized phenotypically by progressive deterioration of motor and cognitive abilities, visual symptoms, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Mutations in CLN8 results in characteristic Batten disease symptoms and brain-wide pathology including accumulation of lysosomal storage material, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Recent investigations of other subforms of Batten disease (CLN1, CLN3, CLN6) have emphasized the influence of biological sex on disease and treatment outcomes; however, little is known ab

[Principles on therapy of myoarthropathic pain].

The myoarthropathic pain is the major source of orofacial pain. The diagnosis is not always easy because the diagnostic signs are not pathognomonic and they may occur also with other pain disorders. The pain intensity fluctuates, and mild to medium intensity pain has the tendency to subside spontaneously or can be alleviated with simple, non-invasive therapies as counseling, self-control, analgesics, physiotherapy, and occlusal appliances. For most patients a combination of counseling, self-control and physiotherapy (home program) is sufficient to relieve the pain. Occlusal appliances should t

Petit mal epilepsy: a review and integration of recent information.

Petit mal (absence) epilepsy remains one of the most enigmatic of neurological disorders, and there is no widely accepted theory of its etiology. This review covers some of the current issues concerned with the disorder, including treatment and prognosis, neurochemical research, behavioral and psychophysiological effects of wave-spiked discharges, and EEG studies of seizure control. With respect to treatment, although effective drug therapy (valproic acid, ethosuximide) exists for the "pure" form of absence epilepsy, other forms, in which there is an admixture of grand mal seizures, are less a

Увязка патогенеза с падением риска при множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз — это хроническое неврологическое расстройство, характеризующееся постепенной инвалидностью, при этом падение является значительным следствием его физических и когнитивных расстройств. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются основные вкладчики, с тем чтобы снизить риск для лиц с множественным склерозом, и анализируются более широкие последствия этих факторов, такие, как боязнь падения. К основным факторам, связанным с падением риска, относятся аномалии, когнитивная дисфункция и усталость. Эти факторы часто взаимодействуют друг с другом, что приводит к ограничению мобильности и

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… Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy widely utilized for managing symptoms associated with Multiple Sclerosis. …

Psychiatric and Cognitive Aspects of Phenylketonuria: The Limitations of Diet and Promise of New Treatments.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism due to mutations in the gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Reduced PAH activity results in significant hyperphenylalaninemia, which leads to alterations in cerebral myelin and protein synthesis, as well as reduced levels of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the brain. When untreated, brain development is grossly disrupted and significant intellectual impairment and behavioral disturbance occur. The advent of neonatal heel prick screening has allowed for diagnosis at birth, and the institution of a phenylal

Chronic methanol exposure induces cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's-like pathology in rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND: The absence of effective animal models for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a pivotal barrier to therapy development. Because methanol metabolism produces endogenous formaldehyde, a neurotoxic agent linked to cognitive decline, this study investigated whether chronic, low-dose methanol exposure could recapitulate AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits in rhesus monkey, thereby establishing a nonhuman primate animal model driven by this environmental-metabolic insult. METHODS: Adult rhesus monkeys received low-concentration methanol for 9 months. Behavioral tests for cog

Neurocognitive Recovery After Liver Transplantation Is Driven by Metabolite-mediated Reactivation of Cortical Networks.

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving therapy for end-stage liver disease, but postoperative neurocognitive recovery and mechanisms remain unclear. Although liver-brain crosstalk is known, whether LT restores neurological dysfunction is uncertain. METHODS: Twenty-one patients undergoing LT were prospectively evaluated within 1-3 d before transplantation and 21 d postoperatively. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score, and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was analyzed for power spectr

MED13L-related disorder characterized by severe motor speech impairment.

BACKGROUND: MED13L-related disorder is associated with intellectual disability, motor delay, and speech deficits. Previous studies have focused on broad clinical descriptions of individuals, but limited information regarding specific speech diagnoses and results of direct testing has been published to date. We conducted deep phenotyping to characterize the speech, language, motor, cognitive, and adaptive phenotypes of individuals with MED13L-related disorder. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we administered standardized articulation, language, motor, and cognitive testing to 17 childre

Getting a grip on problem gambling: what can neuroscience tell us?

UNLABELLED: In problem gamblers, diminished cognitive control and increased impulsivity is present compared to healthy controls. Moreover, impulsivity has been found to be a vulnerability marker for the development of pathological gambling (PG) and problem gambling (PrG) and to be a predictor of relapse. In this review, the most recent findings on functioning of the brain circuitry relating to impulsivity and cognitive control in PG and PrG are discussed. Diminished functioning of several prefrontal areas and of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) indicate that cognitive-control related brain

CBT for adolescent pathological gambling - lessons from adult research.

OBJECTIVES: Features of gambling, particularly among young people have changed over the past decade and, while there are no data from Ireland, there are suggestions from those working in the field that pathological gambling is increasing among adolescents. Relatively little is known about the effective treatment of pathological gambling in adolescents. This paper aims to review research in cognitive behavioural treatments with a view to their application in adolescents. Research among adolescence is given prominence when this is available. METHODS: The methodology comprised a literature searc

Manic-like state after bilateral orbitofrontal and right temporoparietal injury: efficacy of clonidine.

A manic-like state occurred in a 44-year-old right-handed woman with bilateral orbitofrontal and right temporoparietal traumatic contusions. In a brief trial, we assessed the effect of clonidine, carbamazepine, dopa therapy, and placebo on manic symptoms and cognitive functions. Clonidine rapidly reversed the manic syndrome. The patient's behavior did not change with carbamazepine and worsened with levodopa. We suggest that the manic-like syndrome was related to noradrenergic overactivity secondary to the fronto-orbital lesions.

Exploring the Impact of a Sleep App on Sleep Quality in a General Population Sample: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: A third of adults in Western countries have impaired sleep quality. A possible solution involves distributing sleep aids through … scientifically validated principles for improving sleep quality, such as mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test the impact of the smartphone app Peak Sleep on sleep quality and collect user experience data to allow for future app development. METHODS: This was a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were general …

Inclusion of sexual- and gender-minoritized individuals in randomized clinical trials of first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic literature review.

Clinical treatment guidelines consistently recommend cognitive processing therapy (CPT), prolonged exposure (PE), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The efficacy of these interventions among sexual- and/or gender-minoritized (SGM) individuals has not been thoroughly investigated within randomized clinical trials (RCTs), despite known elevations in exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD symptoms relative to cisgender heterosexual individuals. We conducted a systematic literature review to examine the frequency with which

Reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder re-experiencing frequency from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Cognitive Processing Therapy.

Low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) paired with Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) was shown to reduce aggregate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. PTSD, however, consists of re-experiencing, avoidance and numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms that vary in frequency and intensity. Thus, to explore the potential of more granular effects of rTMS on PTSD, the present secondary analysis examined the influence of rTMS on symptom cluster frequency and intensity. In the original study, Post-9/11 Uni

Cognitive and psychological factors associated with treatment response in ACT-I and CBT-I for insomnia.

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the treatment of choice for patients with insomnia, but not all patients benefit, and novel psychological treatment approaches have emerged (e.g. acceptance and commitment therapy). Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatment modality, adherence, insomnia severity, anxiety, depression, beliefs about sleep or acceptance of sleep problems are factors associated with response to psychological insomnia treatment. The sample consisted of 152 adults (115 women; mean age = 40.6 years, SD = 10.2) with chronic insomnia, and they par

The use of exposure in anxiety-related disorders and associations with practitioner characteristics.

Despite their well-established efficacy in anxiety treatment, exposure-based interventions are underutilized. Surveying 190 practitioners (122 completed), the current study examined the use of exposure in various anxiety-related disorders and associations with practitioner-related characteristics. Results indicate that across anxiety-related disorders, exposure was used in 65.73% of the patients and on average 41.30% of treatment time is spent on exposure. More training and a CBT orientation are associated with higher utilization, perceived competence, and effectiveness. Practitioners used exp

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and Silva-based Relaxation Therapy on Psychological Capital, Social Anxiety, and CD4+ Count in People Living with HIV in Iran.

UNLABELLED: Background/ Objective: Due to the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on personal and social life, people living with HIV (PLWH) are faced with several challenges and issues. Therefore, PLWH requires psychological interventions. The study aims were to create a suitable platform for psychological structures that empower them to address their issues effectively. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Silva-based Relaxation Therapy (SBRT) on Psychological Capital (PsyCap), Social Anxiety (SA), and CD4 count in PLWH.

Cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioural therapy versus group relaxation therapy for emotional disorders in primary care (PsicAP-Costs2): Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Several randomised controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated the superiority of transdiagnostic group cognitive-behavioural therapy (TD-CBT) to treatment as usual (TAU) for emotional disorders in primary care. To date, however, no RCTs have been conducted to compare TD-CBT to another active intervention in this setting. Our aim is to conduct a single-blind RCT to compare group TD-CBT plus TAU to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) plus TAU in adults (age 18 to 65 years) with a suspected emotional disorder. We expect that TD-CBT + TAU will be more cost-effective than TAU + PMR, and that these g

Comparing the effect of prolonged exposure therapy (PET) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on the quality of life among veterans with PTSD.

Veterans' quality of life (QoL) can be drastically affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We compared prolonged exposure therapy (PET) with metacognitive therapy (MCT) in their effects on quality of life (QoL) among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Overall, 57 veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to three groups MCT (N = 17), PET (N = 17), and Control (N = 23). The 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate QoL pretest, posttest, and after a 3-month follow-up. The MCT was based on the practice of detached mindfulness, controlling rumination/anxie